Imfundo iyashintsha, futhi iza nemibono emisha mayelana nendlela abafundi abafunda ngayo. Omunye umbono onjalo yi-constructivism (i-constructivism theory), indlela yokufundisa ehlose ukusiza abafundi ukuba babambe imiqondo ehlukene.
Ngakho-ke, iyini ngempela i-constructivism? Kuyindlela yokufundisa egxile kubafundi ekwakheni ukuqonda kwabo umhlaba ngenkuthalo. Yithiyori okusho ukuthi abafundi bakha ulwazi kunokwamukela ulwazi.
Le ndatshana ihlaziya i-constructivism, ichaza ukuthi iyini, kungani ibalulekile, izigaba zokufunda ezihilelekile, izingxenye ezibalulekile, kanye nezinzuzo ezinikezayo.
Ngamagama alula, i-constructivism imayelana nabafundi ukwenza okungaphezu kokubamba amaqiniso ngekhanda. Esikhundleni salokho, bakha ulwazi lwabo ngenkuthalo ngokuzibandakanya nezinto ezibonakalayo. Kucabange ukwakha ukwakheka kwengqondo kolwazi, isitini ngesitini, esikhundleni sokuthola ulwazi nje.
Ukubaluleka kwe-constructivism kusekwazini kwayo ukwenza ukufunda kube nenjongo. Lapho abafundi bebambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo enqubweni yokufunda, maningi amathuba okuba bakhumbule futhi baqonde ulwazi. Kufana nokufunda ukugibela ibhayisikili - ukhumbula kangcono ngokupedalisa nokulinganisa kunokufunda nje ngakho.
Izigaba zokufunda ku-constructivism zibandakanya izinyathelo ezihlukene, kusukela ekuhlanganeni kokuqala nolwazi olusha kuya esigabeni sokugcina sokuqonda umqondo. Isinyathelo ngasinye sineqhaza ekwakhiweni okuphelele kolwazi engqondweni yomfundi.
Izinto eziyinhloko ze-constructivism zihlanganisa imisebenzi ekhuthaza ukuhlola, ukusebenzisana, kanye nolwazi olusebenzayo. Lezi zakhi zihlose ukuhlinzeka ngendawo yokufunda enothile lapho abafundi bengabamba iqhaza khona futhi benze umqondo walokho abakufundayo.
Izinzuzo ze-constructivism ziningi. Ikhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile, amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga, nokuqonda okujulile kwezifundo. Abafundi baba ngabafundi abazimele, abahlomele ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ezimweni ezingokoqobo.
Ngokuvamile, i-constructivism iyindlela eguquguqukayo eguqula imfundo ibe uhambo oluhlanganyelayo noluhehayo, oluvumela abafundi ukuba bakhe ulwazi lwabo ngenkuthalo.
Ithiyori yeConstructivism kanye Nokubaluleka kwayo
I-Constructivism iyithiyori ephakamisa ukuthi abafundi bangamane bamunce ulwazi; esikhundleni salokho, bakha ulwazi lwabo ngenkuthalo. Umqondo oyinhloko ukuthi ulwazi lwakho lulolonga ulwazi oludala njengomfundi.
Ngokuzindla ngalokhu okuhlangenwe nakho nokuhlanganisa imibono emisha olwazini olukhona, uthuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho.
Kwindlela yokuxhumana, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokufundisa ezisebenzisanayo njengezingxoxo ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yokufunda lapho abafundi behlanganyela khona. Ithiyori ayikukhuthazi ukukhumbula ngekhanda, esikhundleni salokho igcizelela ukuqonda.
Ukubaluleka kwe-constructivism kusekwazini kwayo ukwenza abafundi bakwazi ukusebenzisa nokuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga, njengokuxazulula izinkinga, ukudlulisela ulwazi ezimweni ezintsha. Lo mbono awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga kodwa futhi ukhuthaza ukukhula komuntu siqu nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi ngokuthola ulwazi olusha.
Isibonelo, ukubamba iqhaza emaqenjini ezingxoxo kusiza ukufunda kontanga noma abafundisi ngokukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya okusebenzayo. Le ndlela ihlukile ukufunda kokungenzi lutho, lapho ulwazi olusha lungena khona ngaphandle kokukhiqiza imibono emisha.
Ukuqonda Imibono Ehlukene Yokwakha Kwezemfundo
Kwezemfundo, izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zethiyori ye-constructivist zichaza ukuthi abantu bafunda futhi bathole kanjani ulwazi.
I-trivial or Cognitive Constructivism wuhlobo oluyisisekelo olwakha isisekelo seminye imibono ye-constructivist. Iphakamisa ukuthi abafundi bakhe ulwazi ngokuhumusha ulwazi lwabo siqu besebenzisa amakhono abo engqondo. Ukufunda kuyinqubo esebenzayo lapho abantu behlanganisa ulwazi olusha nasebekwazi kakade. Isibonelo, umfundi oqonda ukuphindaphinda angasebenzisa lokho kuqonda bala amaphesenti.
I-Radical Constructivism igcizelela ukuthi ulwazi lwezincwadi zokufunda lungase lungabi nenjongo njengokwakhiwa kolwazi ngolwazi lomuntu siqu. Lolu hlobo lwe-constructivism luphakamisa ukuthi ulwazi lwangaphambili lubalulekile ekuqondeni ulwazi olusha, lugqamisa ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kobuntu bomfundi kanye neziqu zabo. inqubo yokufunda.
I-Social Constructivism igxile embonweni wokuthi ontanga kanye nabantu endaweni yomuntu banethonya elikhulu enqubweni yokufunda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusebenzelana nontanga, umndeni, othisha, nabaphathi kuba nomthelela ngokuqondile emisebenzini yomuntu esimeni sokufunda futhi kudlulele ngale kwemfundo esemthethweni kuye kokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene kwempilo.
I-Cultural Constructivism ubeka ukuthi imibono yomfundi ithonywa isiko namasiko endawo ebazungezile. Lo mbono uphakamisa ukuthi ukuqonda komuntu isizinda samasiko kusiza ukuhlonza izici ezakha imibono nemibono yabo.
I-Constructivism Theory of Learning in 5 Simple Stage
Ukufunda ngethiyori ye-constructivist kubandakanya izigaba ezinhlanu ezibalulekile ezisiza abafundi ukuba babambe umqondo wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo:
Esigabeni sokuqala, esibizwa ngokuthi “Bandakanya,” uthisha uzama ukuthola ukuthi yini umfundi aseyazi aphinde akhombe noma yiziphi izikhala olwazini lwakhe.
Ukuqhubekela esigabeni esithi "Hlola", abafundi bangena ngenkuthalo emcabangweni omusha ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lokufunda. Bangase baxoxe nontanga yabo futhi baphawule ukuze baqonde kangcono.
Isigaba "Chaza" yilapho othisha besiza abafundi ekuxhumaniseni ulwazi olusha futhi baphendule noma yimiphi imibuzo ukuze icace kangcono.
Esigabeni “Sokucacisa”, abafundi basebenzisa abakufundile, okubavumela ukuba bathole ukuqonda okujulile komqondo.
Ekugcineni, esigabeni "Sokulinganisa", othisha bahlola abafundi ukubona ukuthi bayayibamba yini imiqondo esemqoka.
Lezi zigaba ezinhlanu zibalulekile ku-constructivism ngoba zikhuthaza ukufunda ngokubambisana nokufunda. Ngokusebenzisana, abafundi bangaxazulula izinkinga ngempumelelo futhi baqonde imiqondo emisha.
5 Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokwakha
I-Constructivism, ithiyori mayelana nendlela abantu abafunda ngayo, inezici ezinhlanu ezibalulekile ezithonya ukusetshenziswa kwayo kubafundi.
Okokuqala, igxile embonweni wokuthi ulwazi luyakhiwa. Ngamagama alula, lokhu kusho ukuthi esikwaziyo kwakhelwe phezu kwalokho esesikwazi kakade.
Okwesibili, ukufunda kuvezwa njengenqubo esebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abafundi akubona abamukeli bodwa bolwazi kodwa bahlanganyela ngenkuthalo nontanga yabo noma abafundisi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxoxisana, njengokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni.
Abantu bafunda njengoba behamba. Umqondo ngamunye otholiwe unezela ekuqondeni kwabo, unikele ekuqondweni okungcono kwemibono elandelayo.
Ukufunda kuthathwa njengomsebenzi wokuxhumana nabantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu bathola ulwazi hhayi ngokuzifundela kuphela kodwa nangokusebenzelana nabanye, kungaba ontanga, othisha, noma amalungu omndeni.
Ukufunda kunomongo. Abafundi babamba ulwazi olusha ngokuluhlobanisa nalokho asebekuqonda futhi abakukholelwayo, begcizelela ukubaluleka kokuxhumanisa ulwazi olusha nezinhlaka ezikhona.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lubhekwa njengesici somuntu siqu. Njengoba wonke umuntu enokuhlangenwe nakho okuyingqayizivele nolwazi lwangaphambili, inqubo yokufunda iyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu.
Okokugcina, ukugqugquzela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekufundeni. Uma abafundi bengenakho ugqozi, kuba yinselele kubo ukuthi basebenzise ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambilini futhi basungule ukuxhumana nolwazi olusha. Ukugqugquzela kungamandla ashayelayo athuthukisa ulwazi lokufunda futhi akhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kolwazi olutholiwe.
Izinzuzo ze-Constructivism
I-Constructivism, ithiyori yokufunda, iza nezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezifaka isandla ekuzizwiseni okubandakanyayo nephumelelayo kwezemfundo. Enye inzuzo eyinhloko isekujabuleleni okulethayo enqubweni yokufunda. Ngokungafani nezindlela zendabuko lapho abafundi bethola khona ulwazi, i-constructivism ivumela abafundi ukuthi basebenzise ulwazi lwabo ukuze benze umqondo wolwazi olusha.
Enye inzuzo ebalulekile ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okuxazulula izinkinga kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu. Ngokusebenzelana nabafundisi, ontanga, noma amalungu omndeni, abafundi benza imisebenzi enenjongo ethuthukisa ikhono labo lokuxazulula izinkinga nokuzulazula ezimweni zomphakathi.
Ubunikazi bokufunda yingxenye ewumongo ye-constructivism. Abafundi baphatha imfundo yabo njengoba isekelwe emibuzweni yabo nasekuboneni kwabo. Le ndlela yomuntu siqu ayigcini nje ngokwenza ukufunda kube nenjongo kodwa futhi yandisa amathuba okugcina nokusebenzisa ulwazi ezimweni ezingokoqobo.
I-Constructivism iphinde ivuse ilukuluku phakathi kwabafundi ngokuxhumanisa imisebenzi yokufunda nezimo zomhlaba wangempela. Lokhu kuxhumana kubakhuthaza ukuba babuze futhi baphonsele inselelo ulwazi olukhona, kukhuthaze ukuqonda okujulile kwesihloko.
Okokugcina, i-constructivism ikhuthaza ukwehlukahlukana kokufunda. Ngokuvumela abafundi ukuthi bathathele kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kanye nezizinda zamasiko, kudala indawo yemfundo ebandakanya wonke umuntu futhi enamandla. Lokhu akuhloniphi nje kuphela ubuntu babafundi kodwa futhi kucebisa ulwazi lokufunda jikelele.
Isiphetho
I-Constructivism iyithiyori ebalulekile eyenza ukufunda kube mnandi kubafundi. Konke kumayelana nokuzibandakanya ekufundeni, okwenza kube mnandi. Lapho abafundi behlanganyela ngenkuthalo, baqala ukucabanga ngokujulile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bafunda ukuxazulula izinkinga, okuwusizo kakhulu emhlabeni wangempela.
Ngokungafani nje nokuhlala nokulalela, i-constructivism ivumela abafundi ukuthi basebenzise lokho asebekwazi ukufunda izinto ezintsha. Kufana nokwakhela phezu kwalokho abake babhekana nakho ngaphambili. Le ndlela yokufunda ibalulekile ngoba ikhuthaza ukusungula, ukuhlaziya, nokuhlola. Iphendula konke okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda kube into emnandi nehehayo.
shiya impendulo