Ukuba umlobi wezokwelapha kungaba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu somsebenzi uma unekhono lokubhala futhi unesizinda sesayensi noma ezokwelapha. Ababhali bezokwelapha badala okuqukethwe okumayelana nempilo nemithi kwezethameli ezihlukene, njengeziguli, odokotela, noma abacwaningi. Bangase babhale izihloko, imibiko, noma ngisho nezinto zokufundisa.
Ukuze ube umbhali wezokwelapha ophumelelayo, kuyasiza ukuqonda kahle imiqondo yesayensi kanye nekhono lokuchaza imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ngamagama alula. Ungase udinge ukucwaninga futhi uqoqe ulwazi kochwepheshe ukuze ubhale okuqukethwe okunembile nokuwusizo.
Kule ndima, ungasebenzela izinkampani ezenza imithi, izinhlangano zezempilo, noma usebenzela amakhasimende ahlukahlukene. Isidingo sababhali bezokwelapha abanekhono siyakhula ngoba kuhlala kunesidingo solwazi olucacile noluthembekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha.
Ukuze ube umlobi wezokwelapha, ungase ucabangele ukuthola ulwazi ngokusebenzisa ama-internship, ukuthatha izifundo ezifanele, noma ukuthola izitifiketi zokubhala kwezokwelashwa. Kuyinkundla enomvuzo lapho ungaba neqhaza ekusabalaliseni ulwazi ngezempilo ngenkathi usebenzisa amakhono akho okubhala.
Kuyini Ukubhala Kwezokwelapha?
Ukubhala kwezokwelapha kuwumsebenzi okhethekile lapho abantu bebhala izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, imishini yezokwelapha, noma imithi. Lawa madokhyumenti angaba ezesayensi, ezemfundo, noma ezentengiso.
Ababhali bezokwelapha banomsebenzi obalulekile: bathatha ulwazi lwezokwelapha oluyinkimbinkimbi, njengemiphumela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo, futhi baluguqule lube amadokhumenti angaqondwa yinoma ubani. Izithameli zabo kungase kube abalawuli, odokotela, iziguli, noma umphakathi jikelele.
Kucabange njengokwenza izinto zezokwelapha ezikhohlisayo zibe lula ukuziqonda kuwo wonke umuntu. Kufanele babe abahle kakhulu ekuthatheni ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi bakuchaze ngokucacile nangokulula.
Ezinye izihloko zemisebenzi ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo nowababhali bezokwelapha zihlanganisa i-medical communicator, umbhali wezobuchwepheshe, intatheli yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nomkhangisi wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Zonke zibandakanya ukubhala ngezinto eziphathelene nempilo, ngezindlela ezihlukene nje noma ngezinjongo ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, uma othile ebhala futhi ethanda inkundla yezokwelapha, lezi zindima zingase zibe phezulu.
Iyini Indima Yombhali Wezokwelapha?
Umbhali wezokwelapha unezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi esuselwe ohlotsheni lombhalo wezokwelapha agxile kuwo. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa:
- Ukwenza lula Ulwazi Oluyinkimbinkimbi: Ababhali bezokwelapha bahumusha idatha yesayensi eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nocwaningo lomtholampilo besebenzisa ukuqonda kwabo amagama ezokwelapha. Bese bekha ulwazi ngendlela evumelana nabalaleli. Isibonelo, bangase basebenzise i-jargon yobuchwepheshe kumadokhumenti aqondiswe kodokotela kanye nolimi olulula lwezinto ezihloselwe iziguli.
- Ukuqinisekisa Amazinga Okushicilela: Kubalulekile ukuthi ababhali bezokwelapha bathobele izinkombandlela ezithile mayelana nesakhiwo, okuqukethwe, kanye nokufometha kwamadokhumenti. Lokhu kubambelela kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo zokulawula nokuhlela.
- Ukusebenzisana Nochwepheshe: Ababhali bezokwelapha bavame ukusebenzisana nabacwaningi, ososayensi, nodokotela. Lokhu kubambisana kuhlose ukuxhumana ngempumelelo nolwazi lwezokwelapha ngokuhlanganisa amakhono abo okubhala nolwazi lochwepheshe besihloko.
Ukwengeza, ababhali bezokwelapha badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nemithi. Bakha imibhalo efana namaphepha ocwaningo, ukuhanjiswa okulawulwayo, kanye izinto zokufunda isiguli, okunomthelela omkhulu ekusatshalalisweni kolwazi lwezokwelapha olubalulekile kubabukeli abahlukahlukene.
Funda futhi: Izinkampani Ezingcono Kakhulu Ezingu-10 Zokuhlinzeka Ngezokwelapha
Izinhlobo Zemisebenzi Yokubhala Kwezokwelapha
Uma ucabanga ngomsebenzi wezokuxhumana kwezokwelapha, ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindima zokubhala kwezokwelapha kubalulekile. Nazi izigaba ezine ezibalulekile:
1. Ukubhalwa Kwezempilo Kwezemfundo:
Lolu hlobo lokubhala lwezokwelapha lugxile ekudaleni izinto zokufundisa ochwepheshe bezempilo kanye neziguli mayelana nezidakamizwa nemishini yezokwelapha. Kuhlanganisa okuqukethwe okutholakala ezincwadini zezokwelapha, kumajenali, amapheshana ethula imithi emisha, nezisetshenziswa zokufundisa Ukuqhubeka Kwezemfundo Yezokwelapha (CME) izinhlelo. Umgomo uwukwazisa nokufundisa, ukwenza ulwazi lwezokwelapha oluyinkimbinkimbi lufinyeleleke kubabukeli abahlukahlukene.
2. Ubuntatheli bezokwelapha:
Lezi zihloko zibhalelwe omagazini namaphephandaba, ezibhekelela umphakathi jikelele. Ngokungafani nezihloko zejenali yezokwelapha zesayensi, zenzelwe ukuba ziqondwe kalula abantu abangenazo izizinda zezokwelapha. Inhloso ukukhulumisana ngolwazi lwezokwelapha ngendlela ehehayo neqondakalayo kubabukeli abaningi.
3. Ukuthengisa Kwezokwelapha:
Ababhali kulo mkhakha benza okuqukethwe okuhloselwe ukukhangisa nokudayisa izidakamizwa nemishini yezokwelapha. Izibonelo zifaka amabhukwana okuqeqesha okuthengisa abamele imithi kanye nezincwajana ezisatshalaliswa emahhovisi odokotela ukuze zazise iziguli ngemithi ehlukene noma ukwelashwa. Inhloso ukuthengisa ngempumelelo imikhiqizo yezokwelapha kubabambiqhaza abahlukahlukene.
4. Ukubhalwa Kwezokwelapha Okulawulayo:
Ama-ejensi alawulayo afana ne-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) igunyaza idivayisi yezokwelapha nezinkampani ezenza imithi ukuthi zikhiqize amadokhumenti athile ukuze agunyazwe umkhiqizo. Lawa madokhumenti, njengemibiko yocwaningo lomtholampilo, izifinyezo zokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo, ukuxoxwa kwezihloko, nokufakwa kwephakheji yezidakamizwa, kubalulekile ukuze kuthotshelwe izindinganiso zokulawula kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusebenza komkhiqizo.
Isigaba ngasinye sokubhalwa kwezokwelapha sidinga amakhono akhethekile nolwazi, ukuhlinzeka izethameli nezinjongo ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwemboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
Funda futhi: 44 Izikole Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokwelapha Ezisezingeni lase-UK
Ungaba Kanjani Umbhali Wezokwelapha
Ukuthola umsebenzi wokubhala kwezokwelashwa akulandeli indlela emisiwe, kodwa kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukuze uvule indlela yohambo oluphumelelayo kwezokuxhumana zezokwelapha.
1. Izidingo Zezemfundo Zemisebenzi Yokubhala Yezokwelapha
Ukuphishekela umsebenzi wokubhala kwezokwelashwa, ukuba neziqu ze-bachelor emikhakheni efana nezokwelapha, isayensi (njenge-biochemistry), noma isiNgisi kubalulekile. Abaqashi bavame ukukhetha abantu abanesizinda sesayensi yezokwelapha noma yezempilo kulezi zindima. Yize amadigri ebuntatheli noma esiNgisini nawo angaba yinzuzo, ukuwahlanganisa nolwazi olusebenzayo esizindeni sezokwelapha kuthuthukisa amathuba akho kakhulu.
Yize kungaphoqelekile ukuba neziqu ezithuthukile, ababhali abaningi bezokwelapha abaphumelelayo babamba eyodwa. Ukuthola iziqu eziphakeme kungakhuphula ukukhanga kwakho njengomuntu ozofuna umsebenzi. Ukuthola ulwazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha kanye neziqu zakho zemfundo kubalulekile. Kubonisa ukuqonda kwakho imiqondo yezokwelapha, kukwenze umfakisicelo okhanga kakhulu emkhakheni wokuncintisana wokubhala kwezokwelapha.
2. Thatha Izifundo Ze-inthanethi Zamakhono Okubhala Kwezokwelapha
Cabangela ukubhalisa ezifundweni zokubhala kwezokwelashwa ku-inthanethi ukuze uthole amakhono abalulekile kulo mkhakha. Izinhlelo eziningi ezisekelwe ku-inthanethi ziyafinyeleleka, zinikeza imininingwane ebanzi ekubhaleni kwezokwelapha. Isibonelo, i-American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) idume ngezifundo zayo ezinedumela elihle kulesi sizinda.
Thuthukisa amakhono akho ngokuhlukanisa ukufunda kwakho. Funa izifundo ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisa ukubhala kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kanye nezifundo zokubhala zezokwelapha ezikhethekile. Ngokubanzi kolwazi lwakho lokubhala, kulapho ukuqonda kwakho izitayela namasu okubhala ahlukahlukene kuzoba namandla.
Lezi zifundo azigcini nje ngokufundisa okuyisisekelo kokubhala kwezokwelapha kodwa futhi zihlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bokwethula ulwazi lwesayensi ngempumelelo. Ngoxhaxha lwezifundo onazo, uzohlonyiswa ngamakhono ahlanganiswe kahle abalulekile ukuze uphumelele emkhakheni wokubhala wezokwelapha.
3. Khetha Ingcweti Yakho Yezokwelapha
Ukuthola i-niche yakho emkhakheni wezokwelapha kubalulekile. Awukwazi ukwenza kahle yonke into kwezokwelapha, ngakho-ke gxila kulokho okufanela amakhono akho nezinto ozithandayo. Cabangela amakhono ahlukahlukene asekelwe kulokho okuthandayo nokuthi amandla akho akuphi.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ucabange ngezindawo ezithile ezikuheha kakhulu kwezokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa, izifo zezingane, ezenhliziyo, noma ezinye izinkambu ezikhethekile. Ngokunciphisa ukugxila kwakho, unganikela ngesikhathi sakho namandla akho ukuze ube uchwepheshe endaweni ethile, uthuthukise amathuba akho okuphumelela emkhakheni owukhethile.
4. Funda Amagama Nemihlahlandlela Ekubhaleni Kwezokwelapha
Ukuze uphumelele ekubhaleni kwezokwelapha, kubalulekile ukubamba imigomo ethile futhi ulandele imihlahlandlela yezobuchwepheshe. Ngemva kokukhomba indawo yakho ekhethekile, phenya ku-jargon yezokwelapha efanele kanye nemithethonqubo ephathelene ne-niche yakho.
Izinsiza ezibalulekile zale mihlahlandlela zingatholwa kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni emigwamanda elawulayo njenge FDA. Ukwengeza, i I-International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) iwebhusayithi inikeza imininingwane ephelele.
Ukujwayelana nalawa magama kanye nemihlahlandlela kuzothuthukisa ubungcweti bakho bokwakha okuqukethwe kwezokwelapha okunembayo nokuthobelayo, ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza ngempumelelo ekubhaleni kwakho ngaphakathi kwenkundla.
5. Thola Okuhlangenwe nakho Okungokoqobo Kwezindima Zokubhala Zezokwelapha
Ukuze uvikele imisebenzi yokubhala yezokwelapha, kuyazuzisa ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha. Qala ngokufuna izikhundla ezingeni lokungena ezinhlanganweni zocwaningo noma njengomsizi ngelebhu. Lezi zindima zinikeza ukuchayeka okubalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zemikhakha nezindlela.
Ukusebenza ezindaweni ezinjalo kunikeza amathuba okufunda mayelana nokuqoqwa kwedatha, ukuhlaziya, nokubhala kwesayensi, okuqinisa izifakazelo zakho zemizamo yokubhala yezokwelapha yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukwengeza, ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zinhlangano kungavula indlela yokuvuleka kwemisebenzi okungaba khona noma ukuqeqeshwa. Ukwakha isisekelo esiqinile ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha kuzothuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho kanye nekhono lokuphishekela umsebenzi wokubhala kwezokwelashwa.
Funda futhi: Ungangena Kanjani Esikoleni Sezokwelapha sase-Harvard
6. Yakha Iphothifoliyo Yokubhala Yezicelo Zomsebenzi
Ukudala iphothifoliyo kubalulekile uma ufaka isicelo somsebenzi. Abaqashi bayathanda ukubona amasampula okubhala kwakho kuwo kala amakhono akho. Iphothifoliyo ibonisa amakhono akho ngempumelelo. Ungakhathazeki uma ungakashicilelwa ngaphambilini.
Ungakwazi ukuklama amadokhumenti amasampula ephothifoliyo yakho kuphela. Bandakanya izingcezu ezihlukahlukene—ama-athikili, ama-eseyi, noma imibiko—ukukhombisa ukuguquguquka kwakho. Ngisho namaphrojekthi omuntu siqu noma izingcezu zesikole zingaba izengezo ezibalulekile.
Qiniseka ukuthi iphothifoliyo yakho ihlelwe kahle futhi ifinyeleleka kalula, ngedijithali noma iphrintiwe. Yithuba lakho lokukhombisa ithalente lakho futhi uthathe ukunaka kwabaqashi abangaba khona, okufakazela ukuthi uwulungele umsebenzi.
7. Yiba Umbhali Wezokwelapha Oqinisekisiwe one-AMWA noma i-EMWA
Ukuba yilungu le-American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) kuvula iminyango yamathuba abalulekile emkhakheni wokubhala ngezokwelapha. Ubulungu abusizi nje kuphela ekutholeni izitifiketi ezibalulekile kodwa buphinde bunikeze ukufinyelela engcebweni yezinsiza ezichwepheshile, okunothisa amathemba emisebenzi.
Kulabo abase-Europe, i-European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) ibukisa ngeminikelo ye-AMWA, ebhekelela izidingo ezifanayo zobungcweti ekubhaleni kwezokwelapha. Ukujoyina noma iyiphi inhlangano kunikeza indlela eya ekugunyazweni kanye nengcebo yezinsiza zokuthuthukisa yakho uhambo lomsebenzi emkhakheni wokubhala wezokwelapha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi indawo.
8. Thola Ukuxhumana Kwemisebenzi Yokubhala Kwezokwelapha
Ukuba nenethiwekhi eqinile kubalulekile ekutholeni ama-gigs wokubhala wezokwelapha angashintshi. Ukujoyina i-AMWA kunikeza ukufinyelela emibuthanweni nasemicimbini, ikuxhumanise nabangase babe abaqashi. Hlala uxhumene nozakwenu wangaphambili kusuka ezindimeni zezokwelapha zesikhathi esidlule-kuvamise ukuholela ekuholeni imisebenzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, hlola amabhodi emisebenzi nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze uhlole ukuvuleka.
Ukusebenzelana nenethiwekhi yakho, ukuya emicimbini yemboni, nokuhlala uxhumekile ngenkuthalo kungathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola umsebenzi ongaguquki ekubhaleni kwezokwelapha. Le mizamo yandisa ukubonakala kwakho futhi ivule iminyango emathubeni amaningi ngaphakathi kwenkundla.
shiya impendulo