I-irony iyithuluzi ababhali abalisebenzisayo ukukhombisa umehluko phakathi kwalokho esilindele ukwenzeka nalokho okwenzeka ngempela endabeni. Ikakhulukazi kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-irony: idrama, isimo, kanye nenkulumo.
Indida eyidrama yenzeka lapho izethameli zazi okuthile abalingiswa abasendabeni abangakwazi. Kudala ukungabaza kwesinye isikhathi namahlaya ngoba sibona izinto ezenzekayo ngendlela ehlukile kunabalingisi.
Indida yesimo kwenzeka lapho kunomehluko phakathi kwalokho esilindele ukwenzeka nalokho okwenzeka ngempela. Lolu hlobo lwendida lungamangaza futhi lubandakanye izethameli ngokuphendulela indaba iqonde ezindleleni ezingalindelekile.
Indida yamazwi ihlanganisa umehluko phakathi kwalokho okushiwoyo nalokho okushiwoyo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho othile esho okuphambene nalokho akushoyo ngempela, njengokubhuqa noma amazwi ahlakaniphile.
Ezindabeni, indida yengeza ukujula kanye nozungu, okwenza izethameli zicabange kabanzi ngabalingiswa nesakhiwo. Kuyindlela yokuthi ababhali badlale ngalokho esikulindele futhi basigcine sinentshisekelo ezenzakalweni ezenzekayo.
Yini I-irony?
I-irony iyithuluzi lokuxoxa indaba elidlala umehluko phakathi kwalokho esikulindele nalokho okwenzeka ngempela. Ababhali nezikhulumi zisebenzisa i-irony ukwenza izinto zihlekise, zidale ukungabaza, noma zibeke obala kokuthile okubalulekile. Isebenza ngokubonisa ukungafani phakathi kokwenzekayo nalokho ebesicabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzeka. Lokhu kungafani kungadonsela ukunaka engxenyeni yendaba, ubuntu bomlingiswa, noma ingqikithi iyonke.
Zibone ngeso lengqondo ulindele into eyodwa endabeni, kodwa kwenzeka okuphambene, ikwenza uhleke noma ikugcine onqenqemeni lwesihlalo sakho. Lokho kusonteka okungalindelekile noma ukuphikisana yikho okwenza indida ibe mnandi. Kwengeza ukujula esakhiweni, kwembula okwengeziwe ngabalingiswa, futhi kusize ekudluliseleni imiqondo eyinhloko ngendlela enamandla. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nenhlamba encwadini, imuvi, noma ingxoxo, khumbula ukuthi kufana nokumangala okusiza ukuxoxa indaba engcono, eheha kakhulu.
Funda futhi: 15 Izibonelo Zezindikimba Ezincwadini
Umlando We-irony?
Yize u-Alanis Morissette enza indida yaduma, akazange aqhamuke nayo. Udumo lwalokho luya kumlingiswa wesiGreki ogama lakhe lingu-Eiron, umuntu ophansi owasebenzisa ukuhlakanipha ngobuhlakani ukwedlula abanye. Lokhu kwazala igama lesiGreki elithi “eironeía,” elisho ‘ukuntula ulwazi ngenjongo.’ Kamuva, langena olimini lwesiLatini ngokuthi “ironia,” ekugcineni laba isifenqo sesiNgisi esisetshenziswa kabanzi ekhulwini le-16.
Ezincwadini, indida isebenza njengomyalezo oyimfihlo osuka kumbhali uye kumfundi, wengeze izingqimba ezicashile zencazelo kanye namahlaya. Iza ngezindlela ezihlukene, njengokubhuqa kwesimo, lapho imiphumela iphikisana nalokho okulindelekile, njengesikhungo somlilo esivutha umlilo—inguquko yetulo eyisimanga. Kukhona futhi indida ebabazekayo, lapho izethameli zazi okuthile abalingisi abangakwazi, kudala ukungezwani okuzwakalayo. Futhi masingakunaki ukubhuqa kwamazwi, lapho amagama akhulunywayo ephikisana ngobuhlakani nencazelo ehlosiwe, evame ukucwiliswa ukubhuqa noma ukukhalipha.
Ukubhuqa kudlula ukungqubuzana nje kokulindela kanye neqiniso; iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi elisetshenziswa ababhali ukuze bafake ukujula, amahlaya, nokusonta okungalindelekile ezindabeni zabo. Njengesinongo semibhalo, indida inamandla okuguqula indaba elula ibe idili elimnandi lengqondo.
Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Ezintathu Zokubhuqa
I-irony yengeza ukusonta okuthakazelisayo ezindabeni nasezingxoxweni. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-irony esingazihlola ukuze sibambe kangcono leli thuluzi lokubhala.
1. Ukubhuqa Okumangalisayo
Indida eyidrama, ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi indida edabukisayo, yenzeka lapho izethameli zazi okuthile okubalulekile abalingiswa abasemqoka endabeni abangakwazi. Isibonelo, emdlalweni kaWilliam Shakespeare othi "Othello" kusukela ku-1603, u-Othello uthemba u-Iago, kodwa izethameli ziyazi ukuthi u-Iago uyakhohlisa. Esinye isibonelo sitholakala ku- Inhlekelele yesiGreki "Oedipus Rex" nguSophocles, eyaqala cishe ngo-429 BCE. Kule ndaba, izethameli seziyazi kakade isiphetho esibuhlungu somlingiswa oyinhloko ngaphambi kokuba azitholele sona.
Ngamagama alula, ukubhuqa okumangalisayo kufana nemfihlo izethameli eziyiphethe, zibukele njengoba abalingiswa behlala bengenalwazi ngolwazi olubalulekile. Le nsizakalo yezemibhalo yengeza ukungabaza nokujula esakhiweni, yenze izethameli zihlanganyele kakhulu njengoba zilindele ukuthi abalingisi bazosabela kanjani lapho ekugcineni bethola iqiniso.
2. Ukubhuqa Kwesimo
Indida yesimo kwenzeka lapho izinto zingenzeki ngendlela ebesiyilindele. Thatha, isibonelo, indaba edumile ethi O. Henry, "Isipho Semagi" (1905). Kule ndaba, unkosikazi unquma ukuthengisa izinwele zakhe ezinde ukuze athenge iketanga lewashi eliyigugu lomyeni wakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umyeni wakhe uthengisa iwashi lakhe ukuze amtholele ikama lezinwele zakhe. Ingxenye emangazayo ukuthi akekho kubo olindele ukuthi izipho zabo ezicatshangelwayo zizobukelwa phansi ngezenzo zomunye. Lokhu kuphenduka kwezehlakalo okungalindelekile kudala indida yesimo.
Uhlobo olukhethekile lwendida yesimo i-cosmic irony, eveza ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezwe eliphelele, lethiyori kanye namaqiniso angokoqobo, ansuku zonke. Kufana nokuthi lapho izinto zibonakala zihambisana ngokuphelele emcabangweni, kodwa empilweni yangempela, zithatha inguquko exakile futhi engalindelekile. Ukuqonda indida yesimo kungeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lwenjabulo ezindabeni, njengoba sifunda ukulindela okungalindelekile.
Funda futhi: Iyini i-Parallel Structure? Izinhlobo Nezibonelo
3. Ukubhuqa Ngamazwi
Indida yamazwi yenzeka lapho othile esho okuthile, kodwa amazwi akhe awahambelani nencazelo yawo yangempela. Kwenzeka lapho isikhulumi siveza into eyodwa kuyilapho empeleni sihlose okwehlukile. Lokhu kudala isimo esihlekisayo noma esiphikisanayo, njengoba kunokushayisana phakathi kwalokho abakushoyo nabakushoyo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubhuqa ngamazwi: ukweqisa kanye nokusho kancane. Ukweqisa kuhlanganisa ukwenza ihaba, kuyilapho ukululaza kwehlisa ukubaluleka kwesimo. Olunye uhlobo lwenhlamba yamazwi indida kaSocrates, lapho umuntu enza sengathi akazi okuthile ukuze enze abanye baphikise amaphuzu abo.
Isibonelo esidumile senhlamba yamazwi singatholakala endabeni yokubhuqa kaJonathan Swift, "Isiphakamiso Esithobekile" (1729). Kulo msebenzi, u-Swift uxoxa ngodaba olubucayi, kodwa isiphakamiso asethulayo sidlulele kangangokuthi kuyacaca ukuthi usebenzisa isiyaluyalu ukugxeka izimo zengqondo ezazikhona ngesikhathi sakhe. Indida yamazwi yengeza ukujula namahlaya ekuxhumaneni ngokudlala ngegebe phakathi kwalokho okushiwoyo nalokho okushiwo ngempela.
shiya impendulo