Imisho nezigatshana zifana namabhulokhi okwakha imisho. Bobabili badlala indima ebalulekile, kodwa izigaba zikhethekile ngoba ziyimibono ephelele engakwazi ukuma yodwa. Kucabange njengemisho ephelele ngaphakathi kwemisho emikhulu.
Imisho ingamaqembu amagama asebenza ndawonye kodwa angavezi umcabango ophelele. Ngokuvamile zisebenza njengezingxenye zomusho, zengeze imininingwane noma ulwazi.
Izigaba zomshwana, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zinenhloko (ubani noma ukuthi umusho umayelana nani) kanye nesenzo (lokho okwenziwa umenziwa noma isenzo eyenzekayo). Bangenza umqondo ngokwabo futhi banganciki komunye umusho ukuze uqondwe.
Ukuqonda imishwana nezigatshana kubalulekile ohlelweni lolimi lwesiNgisi ngoba zisisiza sakhe imisho ecacile nenengqondo. Zinikeza ukwakheka nokujula ekubhaleni kwethu, okusivumela ukuthi siveze imibono ngempumelelo. Ukwazi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani ngendlela efanele kungenza ukubhala kwakho kuqine futhi kuhehe abafundi.
Yini Ibinzana?
Ibinzana liyiqoqo lamagama elingafaka izingxenye ezibalulekile zomusho, njengebizo noma isenzo. Nokho, ngokungafani nomusho ophelele, umusho awunakho kokubili isihloko (owenza isenzo) kanye nesilandiso (esikutshela ukuthi isihloko senzani). Kunalokho, yengeza imininingwane noma ulwazi emshweni ngokukhuluma ngenhloko, umenziwa, isenzo, noma umongo.
Ngokwesibonelo, uma uthi, “indlu endala ngasemfuleni,” leli qoqo lamagama lakha umusho, linikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nebizo elithi “indlu.” Imisho yenza imisho ichaze kakhulu noma icacise.
Khumbula ukuthi nakuba imisho yakhiwe imishwana, ukukhipha umushwana emshweni kungase kungawenzi umusho ophelele ngokwakho. Imishwana isebenzisana namanye amagama ukuze idlulise iphelele imicabango nemibono.
Ukuqonda imishwana kubalulekile ekwakheni imisho edlulisa umlayezo ngempumelelo. Zisebenza njengezakhi ezibalulekile ezengeza ukujula nemininingwane olimini lwethu, zisisiza ukuthi siziveze ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
8 Izinhlobo Zamagama Olimi LwesiNgisi
Ezweni lolimi lwesiNgisi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisho zidlala indima ehlukahlukene. Le mishwana, ebalulekile ekwakheni imisho, iza ngezindlela eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlukene:
1. Imisho Yebizo
Ibinzana eliyibizo lihlanganisa ibizo namagama alichazayo. Ngokwesibonelo, emshweni othi “Umfundi onethalente nohlakaniphile uzothweswa iziqu,” ibinzana lebizo elithi “umfundi onekhono, ohlakaniphile.” Kufana neqembu lamagama elisitshela ngomuntu, indawo, into, noma umbono.
Iziphawulo, amagama achaza amabizo, ayingxenye yemisho yamabizo futhi. Basiza ukunikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nebizo. Ukuqonda imishwana yamabizo kusisiza sakhe imisho engcono, okwenza ukubhala kwethu kuchaze futhi kuthakazelise. Kufana nokuba nethuluzi elikhethekile lokudala izithombe ezicacile ezingqondweni zethu lapho senza funda noma bhala.
2. Imisho Yesenzo
Ibinzana lesenzo lihlanganisa isenzo namagama aso achaza noma aguqula isenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, kokuthi “Ikati lilele ngokuthula,” umusho wesenzo uthi “ulele ngokuthula.” Le mishwana iveza izenzo, izimo, noma izenzakalo emshweni. Angaqukatha izenzo eziyizilekeleli (njengokuthi “ngu,” “wayekhona,” noma “uzoba”) nezandiso (njengokuthi “ngokushesha,” noma “ngokujabula”) ezinikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nesenzo.
Ukuqonda imishwana yesenzo kusiza ekubambeni ukuthi izenzo zenzeka kanjani kanye nama-nuances azo emishweni. Ngokwesibonelo, elithi “ubezijwayeza ngenkuthalo” libonisa inkulumo yesenzo esithi “ubekhuthalele,” ebonisa umzamo oqhubekayo ayewenza.
Funda futhi: I-American Slang Words
3. Gerund Imisho
Ibinzana le-gerund liqala ngesenzo esigcina ngo-, esisebenza njengebizo. Ngokwesibonelo, “Ukufunda izincwadi kuyajabulisa.” Lapha, "ukufunda izincwadi" kusebenza njengebinzana le-gerund. Le mishwana isebenza njengezihloko, izinto, noma izengezo emishweni. Angafaka iziguquli, njengezichasiso noma izandiso.
Ukubona imishwana ye-gerund kusiza ekubambeni indima yabo emishweni. Zikhombisa izenzo noma imisebenzi futhi zibalulekile ekwakheni imisho ecacile nemfishane. Ukuhlonza nokusebenzisa imishwana ye-gerund kuthuthukisa ngendlela efanele amakhono wokuxhumana, esiza ekubhaleni nasekukhulumeni ngempumelelo. Ukwazi kahle lezi zakhiwo kusiza ukuqondisisa kangcono ukwakheka kwemisho nohlelo lolimi.
4. Imisho Engapheli
Ibinzana elingenasiphelo, eliqala ngegama elithi “kuya,” liqukethe isenzo esingapheli. Ibonisa lokho umuntu afuna ukukwenza noma ahlose ukukwenza. Isibonelo, emshweni othi “Iphupho likaGerard ukufunda ezakudala,” umusho ongapheli uwukuthi “ukufunda okwakudala.” Ichaza isifiso sikaGerard sokufunda ngezincwadi noma izifundo zakudala. Imisho engapheli ingaveza izinhloso, izifiso, noma izinjongo ngendlela ecacile nefingqiwe.
Le mishwana ivamise ukulandela izenzo ezinjengokuthi “funa,” “pulani,” noma “themba.” Ukuziqonda kusiza ekuboneni izinhloso noma izinjongo zothile emshweni.
5. Imisho Evumayo
Ibinzana eliphikisayo lengeza imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nebizo. Iqoqo lamagama ahlelwe ngokhefana anikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nebizo. Ngokwesibonelo, emshweni othi “Umfowethu, uMalcolm, usosayense,” “uMalcolm” igama eliphikisayo elitshela okwengeziwe ngokuthi “umfowethu.”
Le mishwana inikeza imininingwane ebalulekile noma engabalulekile. Basiza ukucacisa noma ukwengeza ulwazi oluthakazelisayo emshweni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuhlonza umuntu ngobuhlobo bakhe noma ukunikeza amaqiniso engeziwe, imishwana evumayo yenza imisho ichaze futhi ihehe.
6. Imisho Eyingxenye
Ibinzana elibamba iqhaza liqala ngesenzo esishintsha ukuze senze njengesiphawulo noma ibizo. Kuyasiza ukuchaza izenzo noma ukuchaza izinto emshweni. Ngokwesibonelo, emshweni othi, “Ngemva kokuqeda umsebenzi wakhe wesikole, uJack waya kolala,” ibinzana elithi “Ngemva kokuqeda umsebenzi wakhe wesikole.” Yengeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokukhuluma ngokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba uJack alale.
Le mishwana, eyakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa izinto zamanje noma ezedlule, yenza imisho ibe mnandi futhi inikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezenzo noma izihloko. Afana nesithako esiyimfihlo esinonga indlela esiziveza ngayo ngokubhala.
7. Imisho Yesandulela
Ibinzana lesiqalo lisebenzisa amagama anjengokuthi “vula,” “ngaphakathi,” noma “nge” ukukhombisa ukuthi into ikuphi noma kanjani. Thatha lo musho: "Umbhaki u-icing ekhekheni." Lapha, umushwana wesandulela othi “phezu kwekhekhe,” usitshela ukuthi uqweqwe lwashonaphi. Le mishwana ingasho ngendawo, isikhathi, isiqondiso, noma ubudlelwano. Ngokwesibonelo, “ngaphansi kwetafula,” “phakathi nosuku,” noma “nomngane wami.”
Bengeza imininingwane emishweni, beyenza icace. Ukuqonda imishwana eyandulelayo kusiza ekubhaleni nasekukhulumeni ngoba inikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesihloko nendawo yaso, okwenza imisho ichaze futhi ihehe.
8. Amagama Aphelele
Ibinzana eliphelele liqukethe isihloko esingenasenzo sesenzo futhi liguqula umusho wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngomusho othi, “Waphuma ekamelweni, izinqulu zakhe zinyakaza.” Lapha, umusho ophelele othi “ukushwibeka kwezinqulu zakhe” awunaso isenzo kodwa wengeza imininingwane echazayo.
Le mishwana ivamise ukuhlanganisa ibizo kanye nesenzo (indlela -ing noma -ed yesenzo). Banikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nesigatshana somthetho, esivame ukuveza izenzo kanyekanye noma izimo. Nakuba ingewona umusho ophelele ngokwawo, umusho ophelele uthuthukisa ukuqonda ngokunikeza umongo owengeziwe noma incazelo. Bangaletha ukugqama nokujula ekubhaleni, badwebe isithombe esinemininingwane eminingi yomfundi.
Funda futhi: 85 Izifaniso Izibonelo
Uyini Umshwana?
Umshwana iqoqo lamagama akha ingxenye yomusho futhi eveza umqondo ophelele. Umshwana ngamunye unezingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile: isihloko (umuntu oyinhloko, into, noma umqondo) kanye nesenzo (isenzo noma isimo sokuba khona). Bangakwazi ukuma bodwa njengomusho noma basebenze ndawonye emshweni omkhulu. Imisho iqukethe izigaba ezizimele, ezingamelana zodwa, nezigatshana ezincikile, ezithembele esigatshaneni esizimele ukuqedela incazelo yazo.
Isibonelo, emshweni othi “Ikati lixoshe igundane,” “Ikati” inhloko, futhi “jaha” isenzo, okulenza libe isigatshana esizimele ngoba likwazi ukuzimela lodwa. Nokho, emshweni othi “Lapho ikati lijaha igundane,” “Lapho ikati lijaha igundane” isigatshana esincikile esidinga ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ukuze sakhe umcabango ophelele.
Ukuqonda izigaba zomshwana kusisiza ukuba sakhe imisho eyakhiwe kahle futhi siveze imibono ecacile. Zisenza sikwazi ukuchaza izenzo, izifunda, izindawo, nokuningi mayelana nezihloko esixoxa ngazo.
Izinhlobo ezi-4 zezigatshana zolimi lwesiNgisi
Ohlelweni lolimi lwesiNgisi, kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zemisho, ngayinye inezinjongo ezihlukile ekwakheni imisho. Lezi zigaba zomusho zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvezeni imibono nasekuxhumaniseni imicabango emshweni.
1. Izigatshana Eziyinhloko Emisho
Isigatshana esiyinhloko emshweni sakhiwe umenzi kanye nesenzo. Kungaba umusho ngokwawo noma uhlanganiswe nenye ingxenye ukunikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini kaLeo Tolstoy ethi War and Peace, kunomusho olula, “Amaconsi aconsa.” Lapha, “amaconsi” yibizo, kanti “ukuconsa” kuyisenzo, kwakha isigatshana esiyinhloko.
Lapho izigatshana ezimbili eziyinhloko zihlanganiswa nekhefana nesihlanganiso sokuxhumanisa, zakha umusho ombaxa. Isibonelo singaba, "Inja yami ibingahlaliseki, ngakho sahamba ngezinyawo."
Izigaba zomshwana ezisemqoka yizona zakhiwo zemisho. Ziqukethe izakhi ezibalulekile ezidlulisela imicabango ephelele. Ngokwesibonelo, “Ikati lalala” liyisigatshana esiyinhloko ngoba linenhloko (“ikati”) kanye nesenzo (“lalala”), esakha umqondo ophelele.
Ukuqonda izigatshana eziyinhloko kusiza ekwakheni imisho ezwakalayo. Banikeza ukwakheka nokucaca kulokho esikuxhumayo, okusivumela ukuthi siveze imibono yethu ngempumelelo.
2. Izigatshana ezingaphansi
Isigatshana esingaphansi, esivame ukuxhunyaniswa ngamagama anjengokuthi “ngoba,” “njengoba,” noma “ngenkathi,” siyingxenye encane yomusho oxhunywe embonweni oyinhloko. Ingase futhi ihlangane nesigatshana esiyinhloko isebenzisa amagama ahlanganisayo anjengokuthi “noma,” “kodwa,” noma “okwamanje.” Uma umi wodwa, isigatshana esingaphansi singase sibonakale njengomusho ophelele, kodwa sidinga igama elixhumanisayo ukuze libe nomqondo ngaphakathi komongo omkhulu.
Ngokwesibonelo, thatha umusho othi “Wawa ngoba wakhubeka.” Lapha, “ngoba wakhubeka” yisigatshana esingaphansi, esinezela imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi kungani awe. Ayivezi umcabango ophelele ngokwayo kodwa iphelelisa umqondo oyinhloko emshweni.
Izigaba ezingaphansi zinikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe, zicacisa imininingwane, noma zibonise ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zomusho. Zengeza ukujula nobunkimbinkimbi ekuxhumaneni kwethu ngokunikeza umongo nencazelo eyengeziwe. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zigaba zomusho zisebenza kanjani ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo somusho kusiza ekwakheni ukuxhumana okucacile nokunembe kakhudlwana.
3. Izigaba zesiphawulo
Isigatshana sesiphawulo ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi isigatshana sesandiso, siyingxenye yomusho ongakwazi ukuma wodwa futhi sixhunywe emushweni omkhulu ngamagama anjengokuthi “ngubani,” “ubani,” “kabani,” “okukabani,” noma “lokho. .” Ingaphinda ixhumeke ngamagama anjengokuthi “nini,” “kuphi,” noma “kungani.” Ngamagama alula, inikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nebizo noma isabizwana emshweni omkhulu.
Cabanga ngalokhu: lapho wengeza imininingwane emshweni ngomuntu, into, noma ngisho nesimo, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa isigatshana sesiphawulo. Ngokwesibonelo, emshweni othi, “Wakhala lapho uBrad emlahla,” ingxenye ethi “lapho uBrad emlahla” iyisiphawulo somthetho. Ichaza kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi noma isimo esidala ukukhala.
Lezi zigaba zomusho zisiza ukwenza imisho yethu inothe futhi icace. Zinikeza imininingwane eqondile esisiza siqonde ukuthi ubani, ini, nini, kuphi, ngani, noma kanjani. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ichaza umuntu, indawo, noma umcimbi, izigaba zesichasiso zengeza ukujula nomongo kulokho esikushoyo.
4. Izigaba zamabizo
Isigatshana sebizo sifana nengxenye ekhethekile yomusho ethatha indawo yebizo. Ake sithi unomusho: “Indondo yegolide iya kowinile.” Hhayi-ke, ungayishintsha kancane bese uthi, "Indondo yegolide iya kunoma ngubani owina umjaho." Niyabona ukuthi kwenzekeni lapho na? “Noma ubani onqobayo umjaho” ungenelele “umnqobi.” Leso isigatshana sebizo esenza into yaso!
Cabanga ngesigatshana sebizo esikhundleni sebizo elivamile, kodwa siyathanda kakhulu. Akulona nje igama elilodwa; yiqoqo lonke lamagama asebenza njengebizo. Ngakho, esikhundleni sokusho into elula njengokuthi “umuntu” noma “indawo,” usebenzisa umusho omncane wonke ukwenza umsebenzi.
Lapho ubona isigatshana sebizo, kufana nokuthola indinyana eyimfihlo emshweni. Ikhona, yenza umsebenzi webizo, kodwa yinde futhi inemininingwane eyengeziwe. Kuhle kakhulu ukuthi singashintsha kanjani izinto emishweni ukuze sizenze zithakazelise, akunjalo?
Funda futhi: 59 Izingathekiso Izibonelo
Izigaba vs. Imisho Yemisho
Lapho sibhala imisho, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemisho nemishwana. Isigatshana siwumqondo ophelele onenhloko nesenzo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umushwana iqoqo lamagama anezela imininingwane ezihlokweni noma ezintweni ezisemushweni kodwa angakhi umcabango ophelele wona ngokwawo.
Izigatshana, ikakhulukazi ezingaphansi noma ezihlobene, zivame ukudinga izihlanganiso ukuzihlanganisa nomusho oyinhloko. Naphezu kwalokhu kuhlanganisa, basaqukethe isihloko nesenzo. Emishweni eyinkimbinkimbi, imisho ingase ihlanganise umushwana owodwa noma emibili, kodwa le mishwana ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela.
Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngalokhu: “Ikati, lihlezi kumata, laxosha igundane.” Lapha, “ukuhlala ecansini” umusho oguqula isihloko “ikati”. Nokho, “Ikati lixoshe igundane” liyisigatshana esiphelele esakha umqondo ogcwele.
Ukuqonda izigaba nemisho kusiza ekwakheni imisho edlulisa imicabango ephelele futhi inikeze imininingwane eyengeziwe. Izigaba zomusho zinikeza ukwakheka kwemisho nokuhambisana ngokwethula imiqondo ephelele, kuyilapho imishwana ithuthukisa imisho ngokwengeza izici ezichazayo ngaphandle kokuzakhela yona imicabango ephelele.
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