I-Ageism isho ukucwasa noma ukucwasa abantu ngokweminyaka yabo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengokucwaswa emsebenzini lapho othile engase angawutholi umsebenzi noma ukukhushulwa esikhundleni ngenxa yeminyaka yakhe. I-Adultism ingesinye sezibonelo zeminyaka yobudala, lapho abantu abadala bephatha abantu abasha ngendlela engafanele noma bengayithathi ngokungathi sína. I-Digital ageism yenzeka lapho abantu abadala asebekhulile bengabandakanywa noma benganakwa ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe noma ekufinyeleleni.
Olunye uhlobo wumbono wobudala, ovame ukubonwa kwabezindaba njengeHollywood, lapho imibono engaguqukiyo mayelana namathuba omkhawulo weminyaka yabalingisi noma abalingisi. Ubudala buthinta ngisho nocwaningo lwezibalo, lapho amaqembu athile obudala angase anganakwa noma ahlanekezelwe kabi. Ikhona futhi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, lapho abantu abadala bengase bangatholi ukwelashwa okufanele noma ukunakwa.
Ukubhekana nokuguga kungase kube nzima. Kungaba nomthelela empilweni yengqondo, ukuzethemba, kanye nezezimali. Nokho, zikhona izindlela zokulwa nakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqwashisa abantu, ukubekela inselele ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele, kanye nokukhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwabantu ezindaweni zokusebenza nempilo yansuku zonke. Ukuma ngokumelene ne-ageism kungenza umehluko ekudaleni umphakathi onenhlonipho nongenzeleli kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka.
Iyini i-Ageism?
I-Ageism yilapho abantu behlulela noma bephatha abanye ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa yeminyaka yabo. Kwenzeka emsebenzini noma empilweni yomuntu siqu, kuthinta kokubili abantu abadala kanye nabantu abasha. Kodwa abantu abadala asebekhulile bavame ukubhekana nokubandlululwa okwengeziwe ngoba umphakathi wethu uvame ukuthanda intsha kakhulu.
Lokhu kukhetha kuqala kusenesikhathi. Naseyizingane, sifunda ukuthi ukuguga akukuhle futhi abantu abadala abakwazi ukuphatha kahle izinto. Lokhu sikubona ezikhangisweni ezithembisa ukwenza imibimbi iphele noma izinhlelo ze-TV eziveza abantu abadala njengabangenangqondo. Amahlaya namazwana avela emndenini nakubangane nakho kungasabalalisa imibono yokukhetha iminyaka.
I-Ageism ibonakala ilungile kakhulu kunokucwasa noma ubulili, kodwa kuseyinkinga enkulu. Ukuyilungisa ngeke kwenzeke ngokuphazima kweso, kodwa ukuyiziba akuyona impendulo. Ungenza izinto ukulwa nokuguga. Ngokuthatha isinyathelo, uzenzela impilo ibe ngcono futhi usize ukudala isiko elinobulungiswa lapho imibono engaguquki ibalulekile futhi ukucwasa kwenzeka kancane.
Izibonelo ze-Ageism
1. Ukucwasa Emsebenzini
Ukuguga emsebenzini kungenye yezibonelo ezivelele kakhulu. kuhlobene nokuphathwa ngendlela engafanele kubantu abadala emsebenzini futhi kwagqanyiswa u-Loretto ngo-2000. U-Palmore wengeza ngokuthi abaphathi bavame ukubiza abasebenzi abadala njengabanenkani ngoshintsho, abangaqambi kakhulu, futhi balukhuni ukufundisa, ngokocwaningo lwakhe lwango-1999.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abesifazane bahlangabezana nokuchema okwengeziwe ngokweminyaka njengoba kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi bayasuka emsebenzini lapho benezingane. Lokhu kucwasa kunganciphisa amathuba emisebenzi futhi kuthinte indlela abasebenzi abadala ababonwa futhi baphathwe ngayo, kwenze kube nzima ukuthi bakhule emisebenzini yabo.
Akukhona nje ukuba nobulungisa; imayelana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unethuba lokwenza kahle emsebenzini wakhe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka yobudala noma ubulili. Kungakho kunomfutho wokuthi izindawo zokusebenza zamukele ukwehlukahlukana futhi ziphathe wonke umuntu ngokusekelwe emakhonweni namakhono akhe, esikhundleni semibono engaguquki noma ukucabangela okusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala noma ubulili.
Funda futhi: 15 Izibonelo Zokuchema Ngamaqembu
2. Imibono Esekelwe Ebudaleni
Izinkolelo-ze ezisekelwe ebudaleni zivamile, ikakhulukazi ezihloselwe abantu abadala. Abantu bavame ukubiza ukukhohlwa kubantu abadala ngokuthi “umzuzu omkhulu,” nakuba noma ubani engazikhohlwa izinto. Izinkulumo ezilimazayo njengokuthi “ikhehla elingcolile” noma “ubuntwana besibili” zinengxenye ekukhetheni ubudala, ezilolonga indlela esibona ngayo abantu abadala.
Kukhona ngisho negama elithi, “usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi,” elisikisela iphuzu okuthi ngemva kwalokho othile abonakale engathandeki ekuqomeni. Lezi zinkolelo-ze zakha ukwahlulela okungalungile ngabantu abadala, kucatshangwa ukuthi bonke bayakhohlwa noma abasafuneki. Bazishaya indiva izimfanelo eziyingqayizivele nolwazi lomuntu ngamunye, bazihlanganise ngokungafanele ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala.
Kubalulekile ukubekela inselele lezi zinkolelo-ze, uqaphela ukuthi iminyaka ayikuchazi ukubaluleka noma amakhono omuntu. Wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani ubudala, ufanelwe ukuhlonishwa nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ngaphandle kwalezi zinkolelo ezinemikhawulo nezinganembile. Ukwamukela ukwehlukahlukana kokuhlangenwe nakho nobuntu phakathi kwabantu abadala kungasiza ekuqedeni lezi zinkolelo-mbono eziyingozi.
3. Ubudala
I-Adultism yilapho abantu abadala bethandwa kunabantu abasha, futhi kukhona ukuchema kwezingane kanye nentsha. Abantu bavame ukucabanga ukuthi abasebasha abakwazi ukufaka isandla kakhulu futhi bashaye indiva imibono yabo. Abantu abasha kulindeleke ukuthi benze ngezindlela eziqondile ngoba nje basebancane. Omunye umbono ohlobene nawo “uwubufebe,” lapho umphakathi ukholelwa ukuthi abantu abadala kuphela abavuthiwe nabaphethe uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abasha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abadala baphethe amandla engeziwe kanye nomthelela ngenxa nje yeminyaka yabo.
Lokhu kuchema kungathinta izici ezehlukene zempilo, njengokuthi abantu abasha baphathwa kanjani ezikoleni, emindenini nasemiphakathini. Kungase kunciphise amathuba abo okwabelana ngemibono noma ukwenza izinqumo, kucatshangwa ukuthi abanayo imicabango ebalulekile. Abantu abadala bangase bangazithathi ngokungathi sína ngenxa yeminyaka yabo, okungenza abantu abasha bazizwe bengabalulekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda nokubekela inselele lokhu kubandlulula ukuze kudaleke amathuba afanele wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakhe. Ngokuqaphela nokuhlonipha imibono yabantu abasha, singakha isimo esihlanganisayo nesibasekayo ukuze bakhule futhi babe neqhaza elihle emphakathini.
4. Ubandlululo Olunenzuzo
“Ubandlululo Olunenzuzo,” igama elisetshenziswa ezimweni zezenhlalo, lichaza uhlobo oluthile lokuchema lapho amaqembu athile obudala, abancane nasebekhulile, ebhekwa ngomusa kodwa futhi ebhekwa njengabangakwazi noma abanekhono elincane. Lesi simo sengqondo sihilela ukubabheka njengabanobungane kodwa abangenakho ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, inhlolovo eyenziwe yi-Age Concern iveze ukuthi u-48% wabaphenduli bathola abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 benobungane, kuyilapho u-27% kuphela abasho okufanayo ngalabo abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-30. Nokho, bangama-26% kuphela ababone ukuthi abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-70 bayakwazi.
Lokhu kubandlulula kuvame ukuvela emibonweni yomphakathi ehlobanisa amaqembu athile obudala nezici ezithile. Abantu bangase babone abantu abadala njengabanemfudumalo nabamnandi kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi abanalo ikhono lokusingatha imisebenzi noma ukwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile. Ngokufanayo, abantu abasha bangase babhekwe njengabanobungane kodwa bangathathwa ngokungathi sína ngenxa yemibono yokuntula ulwazi noma ukungavuthwa kwabo.
Lokhu kubandlulula, nakuba kubonakala kukuhle, kusenganciphisa amathuba futhi kudale okulindelekile okungafanele ngokusekelwe ebudala kuphela. Ukubhekana nokucwasa okuhle kuhilela ukuqaphela lokhu kucatshangelwa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu babo bonke ubudala baziswa kakhulu ngamakhono abo neminikelo yabo kunokuba bahlulelwe kuphela ngokusekelwe emibonweni engaguquki ehlobene neminyaka.
Funda futhi: Yiziphi Izibonelo Zokungalingani Komphakathi? (Amathiphu kubafundi)
5. I-Digital Ageism
I-Digital Ageism ingesinye sezibonelo ezivelele; yilapho abantu bephathwa ngendlela engafanele ngenxa yendlela ababusebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi abantu abasha bahlale bebahle nge-tech, kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abadala abakwazi nhlobo ukuyisebenzisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba abantu abadala bangase bangakwazi ukufinyelela amagajethi kangako futhi bangase bangafundiswa ukuwasebenzisa ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, bangase bazizwe bengazethembi besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe.
Iminyaka yobudala akusona isizathu sangempela sokuthi umuntu athwale kanzima ngezobuchwepheshe. Okungaphezulu mayelana nokungabi namathuba afanayo okufunda noma ukuzilolonga. Cabanga nje uma bekufanele udlale igeyimu yevidiyo ngaphandle kokuboniswa ukuthi izilawuli zisebenza kanjani - bekungaba nzima ukuyidlala, akunjalo? Kunjalo-ke kubantu abadala abazama ukuthola ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokubafundisa.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma ubani angafunda ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe, kungakhathaliseki ubudala bakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi okudingekayo nje wukusiza kancane noma ukuzijwayeza ukuze uthole i-hang of it. I-Digital ageism yenzeka lapho abantu becabanga ukuthi othile ngeke akwazi ukufunda ngoba nje esekhulile, futhi lokho akulungile.
6. Ubudala Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo
I-Ageism, njengoba ichazwe nguRobert Butler, ingaphezu nje kwemibono mayelana neminyaka. Kuthinta kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ezimweni zezokwelapha, ukucwaswa okusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala kuthonya indlela odokotela abaphatha ngayo iziguli. Kusukela ekuhlolweni kokuqala kuya ekukhetheni ukwelashwa, ukuguga kudlala indima. Ngeshwa, iziguli esezikhulile zivame ukubhekana nemibono engemihle evela kodokotela, abangase bazibone njengabangenathemba noma abangenathemba kangako. Lokhu kuthinta ukwelashwa okunikezwayo, odokotela kwesinye isikhathi bakhethe ukunakekelwa okungatheni, babeke phambili ukuphathwa kwezifo kunokuzama ukuthola ikhambi.
Lolu daba lungaholela ekutheni iziguli ezindala zingatholi izinga elifanayo lokwelashwa okunolaka okungase zithole iziguli ezisencane. Kuyinkinga ephathelene nokunakekelwa kwezempilo ethinta indlela amaqembu obudala ahlukene anakekelwa ngayo kanye nezinqumo zezokwelapha ezenzelwe wona. Lolu hlobo lokucwasa lungaba nomthelela kwikhwalithi yempilo yomuntu kanye nokufinyelela ekwelashweni okungase kube nokusindisa impilo ngokusekelwe kuphela eminyakeni yakhe.
Imiphumela ye-Ageism
Ubudala budlula amazwi alimazayo nje; kungaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo, empilweni yakho, empilweni yakho yomphakathi, kanye nasemalini yakho. Ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele ngenxa yeminyaka yakho kungadala izinkinga eziningi.
Imiphumela Yomzimba
I-Ageism empeleni ingenza abantu bafe bebancane. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile ababecabanga ukuthi abalutho noma abalusizo lwalutho babenokuphila okufushane uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo ababenombono omuhle ngokuguga. Ukungazizwa kahle ngeminyaka yakho nakho kungakwenza ugule njalo futhi kube nzima ukuthi ube ngcono uma ugula.
Kunezizathu ezimbalwa zokuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Uma uzizwa kabi ngawe, ungase ungazinakekeli nawe. Ungase udle ukudla okubi, ubheme, uphuze kakhulu, noma ungawuphuzi umuthi wakho ngendlela okufanele uphuze ngayo. Kungenza kube nzima ukuphindela emuva uma kwenzeka izinto ezimbi ngoba awukutholi ukwesekwa okwanele okuvela kwabanye.
Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bangase baphathe abantu abadala ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa yeminyaka yabo, futhi lokhu kungenza impilo yabo ibe nzima nakakhulu. Bangase bangatholi ukwelashwa okufanayo noma babe yingxenye yezifundo ezizobasiza bahlale bephilile. Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma kahle nodokotela nakho kungenza izinto zibe zimbi kakhulu, njengokungawuphuzi umuthi ngendlela efanele.
Imiphumela Yempilo Yengqondo
Ukuphawula kwabantu abadala okuvela emndenini noma kosebenza nabo kungakwenza uzizwe kabi ngawe futhi kukwenze ungabaze ukubaluleka kwakho. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhetha iminyaka yobudala kungenza impilo yakho yengqondo ibe yimbi futhi kubangele ngisho nokudangala. I-World Health Organization icabanga ukuthi cishe izigameko eziyizigidi eziyisi-6 zokucindezeleka emhlabeni jikelele kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthanda iminyaka.
Uma ukholelwa izinto ezimbi mayelana nokuguga, empeleni zingenza ubuchopho bakho busebenze kakhulu. Ungase uqale ukukhohlwa izinto nakakhulu ngoba wesaba ukufana ncamashí nalezo zinto ezimbi ezishiwo abantu ngokuguga. Lokhu kwesaba kungakwenza wenze izinto ezimbi kakhulu, njengokukhumbula izinto.
Imithelela Ekuphileni Komphakathi
Ubudala bungakwenza uzizwe uwedwa. Uma abantu bekuphatha kabi ngenxa yobudala bakho, ungase ugweme ukuchitha isikhathi nabangane nomndeni. Ungase uyeke nokuya emicimbini noma ezindaweni ngoba uzizwa usaba noma ungafunwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu bacabanga ukuthi abantu abadala akufanele basondelane noma baphume, ngakho bazihlukanisa. Lokhu kungakwenza uzizwe uwedwa futhi udabuke ngempela.
Ukuba nesizungu kungabangela nezinye izinkinga eziningi, njengokucindezeleka okwengeziwe, ukulala okubi kakhulu, nokugula kakhulu. Kungenza nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi kwenze ubuchopho bakho bungasebenzi kahle.
Imiphumela Yezezimali
I-Ageism ingamosha isimo sakho semali futhi. Ungase ungayitholi imisebenzi engcono noma ukuqeqeshwa ngoba abantu bakuphatha ngendlela ehlukile. Ezinye izinkampani zingase zikukhokhise imali eyengeziwe ngezinto ezifana nomshwalense ngoba usumdala.
Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi abantu abadala abahlakaniphile ngemali, bangase bazame ukukukhohlisa. Ukuwa ngala maqhinga kungadala ukuthi ulahlekelwe yimali futhi uzizwe kabi ngakho.
Indlela Yokusingatha I-Ageism
Ukuphatha ukuguga kuhilela ukuvuma iqiniso lokuguga. Izinguquko zenzeka njengoba sikhula – mhlawumbe umzimba wakho awusheshi njengakuqala, ukubona noma ukuzwa kwakho kungase kube buthaka, futhi kuvele imibimbi. Kungokwemvelo ukuzizwa ungajabule noma ungaqiniseki ngalezi zinguquko. Ungayizibi leyo mizwa; kulungile ukuzizwa kanjalo.
Kodwa khumbula, kunokuningi kuwe kunezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala. Naphezu kwalokho umphakathi ongakusho mayelana nokuguga, kusekuningi okuphambi kwakho. Uphethe ukuhlakanipha nolwazi olubalulekile. Ungavumeli izinkolelo zokuntula iminyaka, kungaba ngaphakathi kuwe noma kwabanye, zikukhawulele.
Ukuze ubhekane ne-ageism, qala ngokwamukela lawa macebiso:
- Ukuzamukela: Yamukela izinguquko futhi ube nomusa kuwe.
- Okubhekayo: Gxila kulokho ongakwenza, hhayi nje ekulinganiselweni.
- Umnikelo: Bona ukubaluleka kwakho - kuningi ongakunikeza.
- Inselele I-Stereotypes: Ungavumeli izinkolelo zokuntula iminyaka zikuvimbele.
- System Support: Zizungeze nabantu abakwazisa ngalokho oyikho.
I-Ageism ingaba khona, kodwa ayikuchazi. Yamukela iminyaka yakho ngenkathi wenqaba ukuvumela imibono engaguquki ilawule impilo yakho. Usagcwele amandla nokubaluleka, kungakhathaliseki ubudala.
References:
- Butler, RN (1969). "Age-ism: Olunye uhlobo lokubandlulula". I-Gerontologist. I-Oxford University Press.
- I-Iversen, TN; Larsen, L.; USolem, PE (2009). “Ukuhlaziywa komqondo wokuguga”. I-Nordic Psychology. Inkampani Taylor & Francis Ltd.
- Kleyman, Paul. (2002). "Izithombe Zokuguga." I-Encyclopedia yokuguga. Macmillan Reference USA.
- Loretto, W.; Duncan, C.; White, PJ (2000). “Ubudala nokuqashwa: Izingxabano, ukungaqondakali, kanye nemibono yabantu abasha”. Ukuguga Nomphakathi. I-Cambridge University Press.
shiya impendulo