Kuyini ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo, yiziphi izibonelo ezikhungethe umphakathi namuhla, kanye nomphumela wokuhlukaniswa?
Ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo kuyinkinga ethinta abantu ngabanye kanye nomphakathi. Kusukela ekuqashweni kuye kwezemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kuye ezindlini, ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo kugcwele yonke indawo.
Imiphakathi eminingi yabamnyama iye yavalelwa esigabeni esithile senhlalakahle ngemithetho ebekwe yilabo abangenaso isithakazelo ezinhliziyweni zabo. Asikwazi ukwenza sengathi ukucwasa ngokwesistimu akukho futhi akuyona indaba yomphakathi.
Ikhona futhi yasungulwa njengesikhungo sokungahlanganisi umphakathi wabaMnyama.
Kuyini Ubandlululo Lwezikhungo?
Ubandlululo lwesikhungo noma ukucwasa ngokwesistimu ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga ngezikhungo nezinhlelo zezomnotho, zezombusazwe, noma zomthetho.
Ukuchema nabanye abantu ngokohlanga lwabo akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nokucwasa ngokwesistimu. Nakuba ukucwasa phakathi kwabantu kuboniswa ekubandlululeni kwethu abanye, ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo ngakolunye uhlangothi kugxilile esakhiweni somphakathi.
Ubandlululo oluhlelekile ludala ukuthi abantu bezinhlanga ezahlukene bathole imiphumela ehlukene ngamathuba.
Isibonelo, uma umphathi oMhlophe enquma ukungamqashi umuntu omnyama ngoba ecabanga ukuthi abantu abamnyama abakhuthele njengabanye abantu, lokho kuchazwa njengokucwasa ngokwebala.
Uma umgomo wenkampani ungekona ukucabangela abantu abafake izicelo zemisebenzi esikoleni esithile esingaxhaswanga ngokwanele futhi okugcwele abantu abamnyama, yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ubandlululo lwezikhungo.
Ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo kwenzeka lapho ukucwasa ngokwebala kwethulwa eqenjini lenhlalo.
Ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo nakho kwenzeka ngezinga lomuntu siqu. Thatha indawo yokusebenza njengesibonelo enquma ukwenza imithetho evimbela izinwele zezinwele ezithile zase-Afrika-America.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo zamasheke namabhalansi (Amathiphu kubafundi)
Izibonelo Zokucwasa Kwezikhungo
Umphakathi wabaNsundu awunikezwa isabelo esifanelekile noma unikezwa ithuba elilinganayo eliwufanele. Ukucwasa ngokwezikhungo cishe yonke indawo ongayicabanga.
Imfundo
Ukuxhaswa kwezikole okusekelwe emananini ezakhiwo kanye nezintela zendawo yokuhlala kuholele ekuxhasweni kwezikole eziningi zabamnyama.
Ngokusho kwendatshana (Ukuze uqonde ukucwasa ngokwesakhiwo, bheka izikole zethu) kushicilelwe ku- I-Seattle Times, abafundi abamnyama kungenzeka bathole amaphuzu aphansi esivivinyweni esijwayelekile sezibalo nesiNgisi kunamanye amaqembu.
Abafundi abamnyama abamelwe kancane ezifundweni ezithuthukile futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba nothisha, uthishanhloko, noma umeluleki ofana nabo uma kuqhathaniswa nabafundi abamhlophe.
Abafundi basenkulisa abamnyama banamathuba aphindwe ka-3.6 okuthola ukumiswa kokuphuma esikoleni okukodwa kunabamhlophe.
Impilo
Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lungesinye sezibonelo zokucwasa ngokwezikhungo emphakathini.
Imibiko evela ku-American Academy of Family Physicians ikhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lwezempilo lwase-United States luyabacwasa abantu bebala.
Izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo kulo lonke elase-United States ezisiza imiphakathi yabamnyama azixhaswa ngemali encane futhi azinazo izinsiza ezithile. Futhi abanabo ochwepheshe bezempilo.
Ngokwezibalo, abesifazane abamnyama e-United States banamathuba aphindwe ka-4 okufa ngenkathi bebeletha kunabesifazane abamhlophe. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo ngaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala, ingozi yokushona komama iyakhula, ucwaningo luphakamisa.
I-COVID-19 Pandemic igqamise ukungalingani ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo e-United States njengoba izifo eziningi nokufa kwaqoshwa phakathi kwabancane. Amaqembu amancane e-United States ayenokufinyelela okuncane noma angenakho nhlobo ukuze ahlolelwe leli gciwane.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Ezingu-11 Zokuphela Kwemvelo (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
Umthetho Namaphoyisa
Ngisho nangaphambi kwama-21st ekhulwini, abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika bebelokhu behlushwa isihluku samaphoyisa. I-Criminal Justice System e-United States ibikade ichemile kubantu abamnyama ngaphambi kwamanje.
Ngo-1944, ingane yase-Afrika-yaseMelika okuthiwa uGeorge Junius Stinney Jr yabulawa ngusihlalo kagesi ngokubulala uBetty June Binnicker noMary Emma Thames.
Umfana wayeneminyaka engu-14 kuphela ngesikhathi abulawa ngaso, okwamenza waba ngumMelika omncane kunabo bonke emlandweni wezwe.
Enye ingane eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala yase-Afrika-yaseMelika, u-Emmett Till wathunjwa, wahlukunyezwa, futhi wabulawa eMississippi. Umsolwa oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala usolwa ngokona intokazi emhlophe esitolo sakubo.
Amadoda athumba, ahlukumeza, futhi abulala u-Emmet Till awakaze alahlwe amacala awo.
Ngokwezibalo, abantu base-Afrika baseMelika basethubeni lokumiswa ngamaphoyisa ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunabantu abamhlophe. Abantu abamnyama e-United States bavame ukuchazwa ngamaphoyisa.
Ngisho namaphoyisa amnyama angekho emsebenzini abonakala ecwaswa ngokwebala endaweni yawo, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ayilungu lezomthetho.
Isihluku samaphoyisa siyinkinga eMelika futhi uma abasubathi abamnyama bekhuluma ngokumelene nayo, baxoshwa ku-NFL.
Ababhikishi abamnyama bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi izigebengu kwabezindaba. Kodwa uma kuthinta abelungu, abezindaba bakubiza ngokuthi “I-Mass Demonstration”.
Ngenxa yesihluku samaphoyisa, abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika babhekene nengozi yemiphumela emibi yezempilo efana;
- Ukufa ngokulimala okudalwe amaphoyisa endawo noma wesifunda
- Ukuboshwa kwabantu abaningi nokuboshwa ngokungafanele
- Ukuhlukumezeka nokucindezeleka okubangelwa isihluku samaphoyisa
- Izinkinga zempilo ezivame ukwandisa ingozi yokufa
Ezezindlu
Lapho ingane ihlala khona kanye nesimo saleyo ndawo sinomthelela ekukhulisweni kwayo futhi kuzoba nomthelela emphumeleni wayo wezempilo.
Ukucwasa ngokwebala kwezikhungo e-United States kunethonya emiphakathini yabamnyama.
Umkhuba womlando 'wokwenza kabusha' uyisibonelo esijwayelekile sokucwasa ngokwesikhungo. I-Redlining yaba yinkinga lapho amabhange enqaba ukuboleka imali yezindlu zokuhlala ezindaweni zabamnyama nemiphakathi yamaKhaladi.
Isizathu sabo sokungayiboleki imali yezindlu zokuhlala kuleyo miphakathi ukuthi ziyingozi.
Ngokwemibiko yango-2022, abantu abamnyama babengaphezu kuka-40% amathuba okuba babe nemizi yabo uma kuqhathaniswa nabamhlophe baseMelika. Futhi, imibiko etholwe yi-Urban Institution ngo-2017 ikhombisa ukuthi ubunikazi bezindlu zemizi yabamhlophe baseMelika babungama-71%, kanti okwabamnyama bekungama-41%.
Funda futhi: Abantu baseJalimane abayi-11 Izimpawu Zomzimba Nezimilo Zomlingiswa
Ezombusazwe
Ubandlululo lwezikhungo lukhona nakwezombangazwe zase-US. Ngo-2020 ngesikhathi sokhetho lukazwelonke eMelika, amavoti abavoti abamnyama anqatshwa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu eNorth Carolina uma kuqhathaniswa nabavoti abamhlophe.
I-Gerrymandering ingolunye uhlobo lobandlululo lwezikhungo kwezombusazwe. Inquma izifunda zokhetho ezinquma imiphumela yokhetho lukahulumeni nolwenhlangano jikelele.
Isibonelo, kunommeli ovela kuzo zonke izifunda zase-United States. Idatha yeCensus, evame ukuqoqwa uhulumeni wase-US njalo eshumini leminyaka inomthelela ekukhawuleni kabusha.
Ukucwasana ngokobuhlanga kwenzeka lapho abantu abaphethe benquma ukuchibiyela imigqa yesifunda.
Ezezimali
Ukucwasa iqembu elincane ngokwezomnotho kuqhathaniswa nokucwasa phakathi kwabantu.
Isibonelo, isikhulu semalimboleko yebhizinisi singase sidinge bonke abafake izicelo base-Afrika-baseMelika ukuthi bethule amaphuzu aphezulu ezikweletu namazinga emali engenayo kunabamhlophe baseMelika.
Uma ukucwasa okunjalo kuduma kwezezimali, kuba ngesinye sezibonelo zokucwasa ngokwezikhungo.
Ngokophenyo olwenziwa yiNational Fair Alliance ngo-2018, kwaba nokucwaswa okuthile kwezomnotho emalini ebolekiwe yezimoto. Imibiko iphakamisa ukuthi abantu abanemibala bebezokhokha imali elinganiselwa ku-$2,266.56 ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesikweletu kunalabo abafake izicelo abamhlophe baseMelika abangafanelekile.
Uphenyo luphinde lwaveza ukuthi abamhlophe abafake izicelo banikezwa izindlela eziningi zokuthola imali uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu bebala.
Isiphetho
Ubandlululo lwezikhungo lukhungethe umphakathi wethu namuhla. Kunomehluko phakathi kokucwasa ngokwebala nokucwasa ngokwezikhungo. Lesi sakamuva siyinkinga emiphakathini eminingi hhayi e-United States kuphela.
Izoma nini, izikhungo zizoyenza kanjani imigomo ezohlomulisa amaqembu amancane?
Izincomo
- Abantu baseWelsh abayi-12 Izimpawu Nezici Zomzimba
- Uhlu Lwezibonelo Zokungabi Nabulungisa Komphakathi (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
- Abantu baseFrance abayi-10 Izimpawu Nezici Zomzimba
- Iyini Imiqondo Yezenhlalo? (Amathiphu kubafundi)
- Yiziphi Izibonelo Zesimo Esizuziwe? (Amathiphu kubafundi)
Okubhekwayo
- Study.com: Kuyini Ubandlululo Lwezikhungo?
- Health.com: Izibonelo Zobandlululo Lwezikhungo: Lokho Okuyikho kanye nalokho Ongakwenza
- Iziqinisekiso zezempilo: Ubandlululo Oluhlelekile Nolwesakhiwo: Izincazelo, Izibonelo, Ukulimala Kwezempilo, kanye Nezindlela Zokudilizwa
- I-Seattle Times: Ukuze uqonde ukucwasa ngokwesakhiwo, bheka ezikoleni zethu
shiya impendulo