Yiziphi izibonelo zezindikimba ezisezincwadini? Yini eyenza izindaba ezithile zibe zikazibuthe ngokungenakuvinjelwa, zikudonsele emuva njalo? Akubona nje abalingisi abaphoqelelayo noma inkhulumomphendvulwano yangempela, futhi akusona kuphela isenzo sokudonsa i-adrenaline noma ezothando ezihlukumeza inhliziyo. Nakuba izinganekwane ezinhle kakhulu zixuba lezi zakhi ngaphandle komthungo, isithako esisodwa esibalulekile siziphakamisa ukusuka kumahithi okuhweba nje ukuya kwezakudala ezihlala njalo: itimu yemibhalo enamandla.
Qhubeka ufunda njengoba ufunda izibonelo zezindikimba ezincwadini.
Iyini Ingqikithi Yemibhalo?
Ingqikithi endabeni ifana nombono wayo omkhulu. Yiphuzu elisemqoka umbhali afuna ukukhuluma ngalo. Kungaba mayelana nendlela okungafanele sahlulele ngayo abantu ngendlela ababukeka ngayo, okuwumbono olula. Noma kungaba ngokuthile okukhulu, njengokuthi umphakathi usebenza kanjani noma ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngumuntu.
Ababhali basebenzisa izinto ezahlukene ezindabeni zabo ukukhombisa indikimba, njengabalingiswa, lapho indaba yenzeka khona, abalingiswa bathini, nokuthi kwenzekani endabeni. Ezindabeni ezilula, ingqikithi ingaba yisifundo esicacile, njengokungahluleli abanye. Kodwa ezindabeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, indikimba imvamisa ikhuluma ngezinto ezinkulu ezisenza sicabange ngempilo nomphakathi. Izindikimba zisisiza siqonde ukuthi umbhali ufuna ukuthini futhi enze indaba ibe nenjongo.
15 Izibonelo Zezindikimba Ezincwadini
Izindikimba ziyimibono ebalulekile ezindabeni, futhi zivame ukuvela ezincwadini, kumamuvi, nasemidlalweni. Ake sikhulume ngezindikimba ezimbalwa nezibonelo ezithile.
1. Uthando Nokuzinikela
Uthando umuzwa onamandla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abantu ezindabeni benza ukuzidela okukhulu ngenxa yothando. Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni ethi “Romeo and Juliet” kaWilliam Shakespeare, abalingiswa abayinhloko badela ukuphila kwabo ngenxa yothando. Kwenye indaba ethi, “Isipho Semagi” ka-O. Henry, umbhangqwana unikela ngezinto zawo eziyigugu ukuze ujabulisane.
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2. I-Individual Versus Society
Kwesinye isikhathi, umuntu uphikisana nalokho wonke umuntu acabanga ukuthi kulungile. Lokhu kungenzeka emphakathini omkhulu noma ngisho naseqenjini elincane labangane. Ku-“To Kill a Mockingbird” ka-Harper Lee, kunomlingisi ogama lakhe lingu-Atticus Finch olwa nokucwasa ngokwebala, nakuba abantu abaningi abaseduze kwakhe benokucwasa. Ku-“The Hunger Games,” u-Katniss Everdeen umelene nohulumeni onamandla olawula izimpilo zawo wonke umuntu. Encwadini ethi “Kusasa Lapho Kuqala Impi,” iqembu labangane lilwa nebutho elidle idolobha labo.
3. Uhambo Lweqhawe
Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zamatimu ezincwadini ezimayelana nabalingisi abahamba ngezigigaba ezinkulu noma izimfuno. Babhekana nezinselele futhi bafunde izinto ezibalulekile, ezibashintsha babe ngcono. Ku-"The Lord of the Rings" ka-JRR Tolkien, umlingiswa ogama lakhe linguFrodo, onamahloni futhi ongenalwazi ekuqaleni, uhamba nohambo lapho eba nesibindi futhi ahlonishwe abantu abanamandla. Ubuyela ekhaya esengumuntu oshintshile.
Izindikimba zisisiza ukuthi siqonde izincazelo ezijulile zezindaba kanye nezifundo ezisifundisa zona ngempilo.
4. Ukukhula
Kwesinye isikhathi, izindaba zikhuluma ngabantu abasha abasakhula. Zibonisa indlela intsha ebhekana ngayo nezinselele futhi ifunde kuzo. Lezi zinselele kungaba ezomuntu siqu noma zihlobane nomphakathi. Njengoba indaba iqhubeka, umlingiswa osemncane ufunda izifundo ezibalulekile, okuholela ekuzitholeni kwakhe kanye nokuzamukela. Lezi zindaba zihlobene nentsha ngoba iyayiqonda imizabalazo nemizwa ehambisana nokukhula. Kufana nokubuka uhlelo lwe-TV bese uthi, “Yintsha kuphela engenza lokho!” Lezi zindaba zibalulekile ngoba zisiza abantu abasha ukuthi baqonde futhi babhekane nezinselelo zokukhula.
Izibonelo zalesi sihloko zingatholakala ezincwadini ezifana nethi “The Catcher in the Rye,” lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko, u-Holden Caulfield, efunda ukubaluleka kwemfundo nomndeni ngemva kokubhekana nobunzima empilweni yakhe.
5. Amandla Nenkohlakalo:
Enye indikimba emibhalweni imayelana namandla nokuthi angabashintsha kanjani abantu nemiphakathi. Lezi zindaba zihlola ukuthi amandla angaholela kanjani enkohlakalweni futhi abe nemiphumela eyingozi. Bavame ukuphawula ngokungabi nabulungisa futhi babonise indlela amandla angakhipha ngayo kokubili okuhle nokubi kakhulu kubantu.
Le timu ivamile ezincwadini zezombusazwe noma ze-dystopian ezifana nekaGeorge Orwell ethi “Animal Farm” kanye “no-1984.” Emdlalweni kaShakespeare othi “Macbeth,” isifiso somlingiswa oyinhloko sokuba namandla siholela ekuweni kwakhe okudabukisayo. Lezi zindaba zisebenza njengesixwayiso ngobungozi bamandla nenkohlakalo emphakathini.
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6. Ukuhlengwa kanye Nentethelelo
Abantu bavame ukwenza amaphutha, futhi le ngqikithi imayelana nokuxolisa futhi uxolelwe. Abalingiswa ezindabeni bangase bazizwe benecala ngokuthile abakwenzile futhi bafuna ukuyilungisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ezindabeni lapho izipoki zidinga ukuthula ngaphambi kokudlulela phambili. Ezindabeni zobuKristu, ukucela intethelelo nokuthethelelwa kubalulekile. Abalingiswa bangase kube nzima ukuzithethelela nabo. Isibonelo sale timu siku-“The Kite Runner” ka-Khaled Hosseini, lapho umlingisi oyinhloko ezama ukuvala isikhala sokukhaphela umngane wakhe.
7. Impi Nokuthula
Ezinye izindaba zikhuluma ngempi nokuthula. Zibonisa ukuthi impi ibathinta kanjani abantu ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, nendlela ezombangazwe nokuphishekela ukuthula okudlala ngayo. Lezi zindaba zingase futhi zibheke impilo emva kwempi, ukuthi abantu bathola kanjani ukuthula ngaphakathi kwabo, noma izibopho eziqinile ezakheka phakathi nezimpi. I-“All Quiet on the Western Front” ikhombisa amasosha abuhlungu abhekana nawo eMpini Yezwe I. “Impi Nokuthula” ka-Leo Tolstoy ihlola impi ngezindlela ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa nokuhlangenwe nakho kwamasosha nokuthi yayithinta kanjani imindeni nabaholi.
8. Ukufa Nokufa:
Izindaba zinamandla kakhulu uma zikhuluma ngezinto wonke umuntu adlula kuzo, njengokufa. Ezinye izindaba zikhuluma ngendlela okudabukisa ngayo ukulahlekelwa othile, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa umqondo wokufa ukuze zicabange ngokuthi ukuphila kusho ukuthini ngempela. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zindaba zibuye zikhulume ngenkolo nokuthola injongo yokuphila.
Encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi “The Death of Ivan Ilyich,” umlingiswa oyinhloko ubhekene nokufa kwakhe futhi ucabanga ngohlobo lwempilo ayiphilayo kanye nabantu axhumene nabo.
9. Imvelo kanye nemvelo
Ngenxa yokuthi uMhlaba ubhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, izindaba manje zivame ukukhuluma ngokuthi abantu bahlobana kanjani nemvelo. Ezinye izindaba zibonisa indlela abantu abancane abaqhathaniswa ngayo nemvelo, kanti ezinye zibonisa izinto ezimbi abantu abazenzayo endaweni ezungezile. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukungqubuzana kwezindaba kuba phakathi kwabantu nemvelo, njengalapho umuntu ebhajwe ogwadule futhi kufanele alwe nemvelo ukuze asinde.
Izibonelo: Encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi "Walden," umbhali uhamba eyohlala ehlathini ukuze afunde ngokuphila okulula kanye nemvelo. Enye incwadi ethi, “The Lorax,” ixoxa indaba ukuze ixwayise abantu ngokulimaza imvelo.
10. Ubuwena kanye Nokwakho
Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zezindikimba ezisezincwadini ezimayelana nokuqonda ukuthi ungubani nokuthi ungena kuphi emphakathini. Kufana nezindaba zokukhula nokuba umuntu wakho. Kulezi zindaba, abalingiswa bangase bathwale kanzima ngalokho abanye abakulindele kubo noma bazame ukuthola iqembu lapho bezwa sengathi bayingxenye yalo.
Encwadini ebizwa ngokuthi “Umuntu Ongabonakali,” umlingiswa oyinhloko uzama ukuthola ukuthi ungubani emphakathini ombona njengomuntu nje ovamile. Enye incwadi ethi, “The Joy Luck Club,” ikhuluma ngezinselele zokuba kokubili amaShayina namaMelika, nendlela izizukulwane ezihlukene eziqondana ngayo.
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11. Okuhle Ngokuphikisana Nobubi
Ezindabeni eziningi, kunempi enkulu phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Kuyitimu evamile ezincwadini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunempi ecacile phakathi kwamaqhawe, abahle, nababi, ababi. Le mpi ivame ukumela imibono emikhulu mayelana nokulungile nokungalungile emhlabeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, akucaci kahle ukuthi ubani omuhle nokuthi ubani omubi. Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu zisenza sikungabaze lokhu futhi siqonde nombono wabalingiswa ababi.
Isibonelo, ezincwadini zika-JK Rowling "Harry Potter", uHarry nabangane bakhe bahlale belwa nomthakathi omubi u-Lord Voldemort kanye nabalandeli bakhe. Isihloko esifanayo sitholakala encwadini kaCS Lewis ethi “The Chronicles of Narnia.”
12. Inkululeko Nokuvalelwa
Le timu imayelana nomehluko phakathi kokufuna ukukhululeka nokubambeka. Ukubambeka kungasho ukuvaleleka ngokomzimba, njengokuboshwa noma njengesigqila, noma kungaba umuzwa ongokwengqondo, njengalapho uzwa sengathi awukwazi ukwenza okufunayo ngenxa yalokho abanye abakulindele.
Kwezinye izindaba, abalingisi baphupha ngokukhululeka, njengasezindabeni ezimayelana nabantu abasha abafuna ukushiya idolobhana labo elincane ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Kwezinye, kumayelana nokubambeka emzimbeni, njengasezindabeni ezimayelana neziboshwa zempi.
Ngokwesibonelo, encwadini kaStephen King ethi “The Shawshank Redemption,” abalingiswa basejele, kodwa bathola izindlela zokukhululeka ezinhliziyweni zabo. Ku-“One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” ka-Ken Kesey, abalingisi bavaleleke esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo, futhi balwela ukulawula izimpilo zabo.
13. Ukuhlubuka Nokuvumelana
Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zezindikimba ezisemibhalweni emayelana nomzabalazo phakathi kokwenza izinto zakho nokuhambisana nalokho okulindelwe umphakathi. Abalingiswa bangase bamelane neziphathimandla, bangalandeli imithetho, noma balwe nesistimu elawula kakhulu. Lokhu kufana nokungqubuzana "komuntu ngokumelene nomphakathi".
Kungase futhi kube ngomuntu ovukela iqembu angafuni ukuba yingxenye yalo, njengehlelo noma inkolo eqinile. Abanye abalingiswa babuyela ezimpandeni zabo futhi benze lokho okulindelekile, kuyilapho abanye begqashula emithethweni bese bezitholela eyabo indlela.
Isibonelo, ku-“Fahrenheit 451” ka-Ray Bradbury, umlingisi oyinhloko, u-Guy Montag, uvukela umphakathi ovimbela izincwadi nokucabanga okukhululekile. Ushintsha ekubeni umuntu ohambisana nemithetho aye kofuna ukufunda, abonise ukulwa phakathi kokulandela isixuku nokuhamba ngendlela yakho.
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14. Ubumsulwa kanye Nokuhlangenwe nakho
Itimu yokungabi nacala uma iqhathaniswa nesipiliyoni ivamise ukukhombisa ukuthi abantu basuka kanjani ekubeni nengqondo enengqondo futhi bangazi okuningi baye ekuhlakanipheni ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwempilo. Isibonelo, le timu ingabheka nokuthi izingane ziqala kanjani zingazi okuningi futhi zidumale lapho zikhula.
Abalingiswa bavame ukubhekana namaqiniso aqinile noma badlule ezintweni ezephula ubumsulwa babo futhi zibenze baqonde umhlaba ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi.
Encwadini ethi “Lord of the Flies” kaWilliam Golding, iqembu labafana abanamathele esiqhingini esingenalutho kancane kancane balahlekelwa ubumsulwa balo njengoba bezama ukwakha umphakathi kodwa bagcina sebenonya.
15. Iqiniso ngokumelene ne-Illusion
Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zamatimu ezincwadini ezihlola lokho okuyikho nokuyikho nokuthi abantu bangaba nenkinga kanjani yokusho umehluko. Kulezi zimo, indaba ingase yenze umfundi angaqiniseki ngalokho okuyiqiniso nalokho okungelona (njengalapho umxoxi engenakuthenjwa).
Futhi, le timu ingase ibheke ukuthi abalingisi bakhetha kanjani ukukholelwa kokuthile okungamanga esikhundleni sokubhekana neqiniso elinzima.
Encwadini ethi “The Great Gatsby” kaF. Scott Fitzgerald, uJay Gatsby uzenza ocebile futhi obalulekile ukuze enze uDaisy Buchanan amthande. Ku-“A Streetcar Named Desire” ka-Tennessee Williams, u-Blanche DuBois uvame ukubalekela amaphupho akhe ngoba akakwazi ukubhekana neqiniso lakhe elibuhlungu.
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