Ukuqonda ukugxekwa komphakathi kubalulekile ekuboneni umhlaba ngemibono ehlukene futhi uphushele umphakathi ongenzeleli. Kubandakanya ukuhlola nokukhuluma ngezinkinga emiphakathini yethu. Ukugxekwa komphakathi akukhona nje ukukhomba izinkinga; imayelana nokuphakamisa izixazululo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokugxeka komphakathi. Abanye bagxila ekungalinganini okunjengokucwasa ngokwebala noma ukuhlukana kwezomnotho. Abanye bangena ezinhlakeni zezombusazwe noma ezinkambisweni zamasiko ezingase zingabi nabulungisa noma zibe yingozi emaqenjini athile.
Ukugxekwa kungavela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, njengezincwadi, amamuvi, noma izingxoxo phakathi kwabangane. Kusisiza ukuba sibuze izinto esivame ukuzithatha kalula futhi kusikhuthaza ukuba sicabange ngokuthi singenza kanjani izinto zibe ngcono kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ngokuzibandakanya nokugxeka komphakathi, sizivulela ithuba lokufunda kabanzi ngomhlaba kanye nokuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abahlukahlukene. Kuyithuluzi loshintsho, elisiphusha ukuthi sisebenzele umphakathi lapho wonke umuntu enamathuba namalungelo alinganayo.
Kuyini Ukugxekwa Komphakathi?
Ukugxekwa komphakathi kubheka ukuthi ukuhleleka komphakathi kuholela kanjani ezinkingeni. Umgxeki wezenhlalo akagcini ngokukhomba lezi zinkinga kodwa futhi uphakamisa izindlela zokuzilungisa. Bangase baphakamise izinguquko ukuze benze izinto zibe ngcono noma babize amashifu amakhulu, njengokushintsha ngokuphelele indlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo.
Lolu hlobo lokugxeka luhlola ukuthi izinto ezifana nemithetho, amasiko, noma izinhlelo zamandla zibathinta kanjani abantu. Imayelana nokuqonda ukuthi kungani amaqembu athile engase abhekane nokucwaswa noma azabalaze ukuze afinyelele amathuba. Ngokwesibonelo, umgxeki wezenhlalo angase akhulume ngokuthi izimiso zezomnotho zivuna kanjani abanye futhi zilimaze abanye, okuholela ekungalinganini.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukugxekwa komphakathi kuhlose izinguquko ezincane, okuvunyelwene ngazo. Kwesinye isikhathi, icindezela izinguquko ezinkulu, njengezinguquko ezinkulu emithethweni noma ezinhlakeni zomphakathi. Umgomo uwukwenza umphakathi ube ngcono, ungenzeleli, futhi ube nelungelo kuwo wonke umuntu. Abagxeki bezenhlalo basebenza njengamaphimbo alabo abangase bangabi nazwi futhi baphushele ukuthuthukiswa okuzuzisa umphakathi uwonke.
Izinzuzo Zokugxekwa Komphakathi Emphakathini
Ukugxekwa komphakathi kuletha izinzuzo eziningana emphakathini. Isiza ukugqamisa izidingo zamaqembu acwaswayo futhi inikeza ezinye izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene:
Okokuqala, kukhanya ngemizabalazo yamaqembu omphakathi acindezelwe. Ukuzibandakanya nokugxeka komphakathi kuvumela abantu ukuba babambe imibono eyahlukene, ikakhulukazi leyo evamise ukukhishwa ezindabeni ezivamile.
Okwesibili, inselele izinkolelo ezimisiwe. Ngaphandle kokugxekwa, imibono eyisidala noma elimazayo ingase iqhubeke ingaphikiswa. Ukugxekwa komphakathi kuhlomisa abantu ngamathuluzi okubona ngeso lengqondo umphakathi ongcono futhi baqonde ukuthi izindlela zomphakathi zisebenza kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibangela ushintsho olubonakalayo. Ngokuphawulekayo, imisebenzi yokugxekwa komphakathi, njengenoveli ka-Upton Sinclair ethi ‘The Jungle,’ ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemithetho yemithetho yokuphepha kokudla. Ngokufanayo, amagatsha etiyori ebucayi njengethiyori yohlanga olubucayi kanye nethiyori yezomthetho yabesifazane asungule izingxoxo mayelana nokungalingani ngaphakathi kwesistimu yezomthetho.
Okokugcina, ukugxeka komphakathi kuhlanganisa ithiyori nesenzo. Umgomo wawo uwukwakha umphakathi ongenzeleli, uqhubekisela phambili izingxoxo futhi unike abantu amandla okubhekana nokucindezelwa kwabo ngenkuthalo.
Izindlela Ezihlukene Ukugxekwa Komphakathi Kuthatha Isimo
Ukugxekwa komphakathi kungase kube ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kuyindlela abantu abaveza ngayo imibono yabo ngomphakathi. Ezinye izinhlobo zihlanganisa:
1. Ithiyori Ebucayi
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, iqembu elaziwa ngokuthi Isikole saseFrankfurt eJalimane lethula ithiyori ebucayi, indlela yokubuka umphakathi kanye nezindaba zawo. Babekholelwa ukuthi ifilosofi ingasetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokuxazulula izinkinga zomphakathi. Ithonywe uKarl Marx noSigmund Freud, ongqondongqondo bayathanda UJurgen Habermas futhi UTheodor Adorno abavela eSikoleni saseFrankfurt babecabanga ukuthi ifilosofi yayingekona nje ukuzuza ulwazi. Kunalokho, bakubona kuyindlela yokukhulula abantu ekucindezelweni kusetshenziswa ulwazi abalutholile.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, ithiyori ebucayi isisabalele emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengefilosofi, isayensi yezenhlalo, ezengqondo, izifundo zamasiko, kanye nomthetho. Ihlukaniseke ezindaweni ezikhethekile njengethiyori yobuhlanga ebucayi kanye nethiyori yobulili. Lezi zindawo ezikhethekile zigxile ekuqondeni ukuthi umphakathi uxhumana kanjani nabantu abahlukene amaqembu omphakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amanye ama-theorists agxekayo akhetha ukuzibandakanya ngqo ezinhlangano zomphakathi kunokuxoxa ngamathiyori ezifundweni. Bakholelwa ezenzweni ezingokoqobo kunezinkulumo-mpikiswano zethiyori.
Ithiyori ebucayi isalokhu iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuhlola nokuqonda izindaba zomphakathi, linikeza amalensi ahlukene ukuze lihlolwe futhi likwazi ukubhekana nalo. izinselele zomphakathi ebhekene namaqembu ahlukahlukene.
2. Ukugxekwa Kwemibhalo
Ukugxekwa kwemibhalo kumayelana nokufunda izincwadi nezindaba ukuqonda ukuthi zixhumana kanjani nomhlaba osizungezile. Ukugxekwa komphakathi kuwuhlobo olulodwa—kubheka ukuthi izincwadi ziwubonisa kanjani umphakathi. Lapho abagxeki behlaziya incwadi, baphinde bacabangele indawo yombhali emphakathini wabo nokuthi le ncwadi yabathinta kanjani abantu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugxeka kukaMarx kugxile ekutheni incwadi iyakusekela noma iyakuphikisa yini ukungabi nabulungisa kwezigaba zomphakathi.
Olunye uhlobo ukugxeka kwangemva kobukoloni, okubheka ukuthi izincwadi zibuveza kanjani ubukoloni, lapho izwe elithile lilawula futhi lixhaphaza elinye. Abagxeki bafunda ukuthi lezi zindaba ziveza kanjani izimpilo zabantu ababengamakoloni.
Abagxeki abagcini nje ngokuhlaziya izincwadi ezikhona—bakha nezindaba ezihlola izindaba zomphakathi. Ezinye izibonelo ezidumile amanoveli e-dystopian afana Brave Yezwe Elisha ngu-Aldous Huxley or Ipulazi lezilwane nguGeorge Orwell. Inganekwane yomlando efana IThale Lamadolobha Amabili nguCharles Dickens kanye Ihlathi ngu-Upton Sinclair futhi kubonisa izinkinga zomphakathi.
Ngokutadisha lezi zincwadi nokudala ezintsha, abagxeki basisiza ukuba siqonde futhi sicabange ngezwe esiphila kulo.
3. Umculo Njengethuluzi Lokugxekwa Komphakathi
Ezinye izinhlobo zomculo, njenge-punk, i-rap, nezinhlobo ezithile zensimbi, zinezimpande ekugxekeni umphakathi. Bakhuluma ngezinkinga nohulumeni, ingcindezelo, nemizwa yokudumala ngendlela izinto eziyiyo. Thatha ingoma ethi "Pretty Vacant" ye-Sex Pistols, isibonelo. Ihubo le-punk elikhuluma ngendlela intsha ezizwa ngayo bengenandaba nesimo sezepolitiki esinesiphithiphithi eNgilandi ngeminyaka yawo-1970.
Esinye isibonelo esinamandla yilesi Ka-2Pac ethi “Brenda Uthole Ingane.” Leli culo le-rap lisikhanyisela ngempatho engenabulungisa nokungabi nabulungisa kweminye imiphakathi. Ikhuluma ngendaba yentombazane esencane ebhekene nezimo eziyinselele, igqamisa izinkinga zenhlalo ezidlangile emphakathini.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, izingoma eziningi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zisebenza njengenkundla yamaciko ukuze aveze ukunganeliseki noma ukugxeka ezinkambisweni zomphakathi. Laba baculi basebenzisa amagama nezingoma zabo ukuze bavuse imicabango nezingxoxo ngezinkinga abantu ababhekana nazo, kuhloswe ngazo ukuqwashisa abantu nokuletha uguquko. Lolu hlobo lwenkulumo yomculo lusaqhubeka nokuba yithuluzi elinamandla lokuphawula komphakathi kanye nokumela ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi.
shiya impendulo