I-United States, enabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-330 abasabalele ezifundazweni zayo ezingu-50 naseWashington DC, ibhekene nezinselele ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Umthelela wezepolitiki namasiko waseMelika unwebeka emhlabeni wonke, uthonya abantu emhlabeni wonke.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta isizwe. Sixoxile ngezinye zezinkinga zomphakathi kanye nezibonelo ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono izinkinga onazo.
Isikweletu sabafundi siyinkinga esabalele, esithwalisa kanzima abantu abaningi abafuna imfundo. Ukungalingani kwamaholo kungenye indaba, ebonisa ukungalingani kweholo phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene. Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezindlu kunezinselele, ezithinta inhlalakahle yezakhamizi kanye nokufumana indawo yokukhosela.
Ukucwasa ngokwebala kuseyinkinga egxilile, ethinta izici ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi waseMelika. Ukubona nokubhekana nalezi zinkinga eziyishumi kubalulekile ekudaleni umphakathi olinganayo nonobulungisa, hhayi owamaMelika kuphela kodwa nomphakathi womhlaba wonke othintwe yilezi zinselele.
Qhubeka ufunda njengoba ufunda kabanzi mayelana nezibonelo zezindaba zomphakathi e-US ezidinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo.
Izibonelo Zezinkinga Zomphakathi e-US
1. Inselele Yezindlu Ezithengekayo
Ukuthola izindlu ezithengekayo e-United States kuya kuba nzima. A 2021 Ucwaningo lwe-Pew Umbiko uveza ukuthi ama-49% abantu baseMelika babheka izindlu ezithengekayo “njengenkinga enkulu” emiphakathini yabo, okumaka ukwenyuka ngo-10% kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2019.
Le nkinga ihlobene kakhulu namaholo amile, okwenza kube nokukhathazeka okukhulayo ezweni lonke.
Umbiko ka-2021 weNational Low Income Housing Coalition ugqamisa iqiniso elikhathazayo: asikho isisebenzi kunoma isiphi isimo esingakwazi ukuthenga ikhaya eliqashisayo elinamagumbi amabili okulala elinesonto elijwayelekile lomsebenzi lamahora angu-40. Ezifundeni ezinjengaseNew York, California, naseTexas, isimo sibi kakhulu.
E-New York, umuntu udinga ukusebenza amahora angama-94 ngeviki emholweni kahulumeni ongu-$12.50/ngehora ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela indawo yokuqasha eyikamelo elilodwa. E-California, umholo omncane ongu-$1/ihora udinga amahora angu-14.00 okusebenza ngeviki okufanayo. Ngisho naseTexas, nomholo wayo ongu-$89/ngehora, indawo yokuqasha enekamelo elilodwa ifuna isonto elimangalisayo lomsebenzi lamahora ayi-7.25.
Amaholo amile, izikweletu ezikhuphukayo, nezintengo ezikhuphukayo nakho kushabalalisa iphupho lobunikazi bezindlu, ikakhulukazi kwabakwaMillennials.
Ngokohlu lwama-Apartment, ama-18% abaqashisi beminyaka eyinkulungwane babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu zokungena emakethe yezindlu, okwenezela enseleleni ebanzi yokutholakala kwezindlu ezweni.
2. Umshikashika Wokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Okuthengekayo
Ukuthola uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo olusebenza kahle futhi oluthengekayo kuseyinselele e-United States.
Ngokuya ngokuhlaziywa ngu I-KFF kusetshenziswa imininingwane kahulumeni, cishe oyedwa kwabayi-1 omdala uthwele kanzima ngesikweletu sezokwelashwa, kanti abantu abayizigidi ezi-10 banesikweletu esingaphezu kuka-$3. Labo abathinteka kakhulu ezikweletini ezinkulu zezokwelapha bahlanganisa abantu abadala abamnyama, abantu abakhubazekile, nalabo abanempilo ebuthaka. Sekukonke, abantu baseMelika sebebonke bakweleta amakhulu ezigidigidi zamaRandi.
Umthelela wobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 uphinde waveza amaphutha ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. I-athikili yango-2021 yaqokomisa izinkinga ezihlala njalo njengezithiyo ekufinyeleleni ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, amanani entengo aphezulu, ukungalingani, ukunganakwa kwezempilo yomphakathi, kanye nokukhathazeka ngekhwalithi, konke okubhebhethekiswa yilolu bhubhane. Uhlelo olukhona lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lubonakale lunganele ukuphatha ngempumelelo le nkinga.
Ukuze i-United States ibhekane nezifo eziwubhadane zesikhathi esizayo kanye nempilo yansuku zonke kanye nempilo enhle yabantu bayo, kubalulekile ukucubungula kabusha uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Funda futhi: Kuyini Ukugxekwa Komphakathi? Izinhlobo Zokugxekwa Komphakathi
3. Ukukhula Ukungalingani Kwamaholo
Ucwaningo lwamuva lwama- I-Economic Policy Institute yembula inkambiso ephathelene nokungalingani kwamaholo kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-2020.
Amaholo aphezulu angu-1.0% enyuke ngo-179.3%, nokunyuka okumangalisayo nakakhulu ngo-389.1% kwabaphezulu ngo-0.1%. Ngokuphambene kakhulu, amaholo aphansi ngama-90% akhule ngama-28.2% kuphela.
Lokhu kwehlukana okukhulayo kwemali engenayo kuholele esimeni esishaqisayo lapho, ngo-2020, ama-90% aphansi athola kuphela u-60.2% wawo wonke amaholo - isabelo esiphansi kakhulu kusukela ukulandelela idatha kwaqala ngo-1937.
Ngo-2021, ukuhlukana kwengcebo kwaqhubeka nokukhula njengoba i-10% ephezulu yabantu baseMelika ibambe ama-70% ayo yonke ingcebo yase-US. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igebe phakathi komholo wama-CEO kanye namaholo ezisebenzi ezijwayelekile ligqamisa ukungalingani okukhulu ezweni.
Phakathi kuka-1978 no-2018, inkokhelo ye-CEO inyuke ngaphezu kuka-900%, kuyilapho isisebenzi esivamile sabona ukunyuka okuncane ngo-11.9% kuphela. Le datha igcizelela iqiniso lokuthi abacebile ngempela bayaceba e-United States, okubhebhethekisa indaba yokungalingani kweholo.
4. Isikweletu Somfundi
Isikweletu sesitshudeni sihlala singesinye sezibonelo eziphezulu zezindaba zomphakathi e-US.
Ku-athikili ka-2022, Forbes kugqanyiswe mayelana namaqiniso ngesikweletu semalimboleko yabafundi e-United States. Isikweletu sabafundi esiphelele, esihlanganisa izikweletu zikahulumeni nezizimele, sifinyelela ku-$1.75 trillion. Ngokwesilinganiso, ababoleki ngabanye bakweleta cishe u-$29,000.
Izimalimboleko zabafundi zikahulumeni zifaka isandla ku-92% wesikweletu sabafundi sisonke, nezinga lokukhula lidlula ukwenyuka kwezifundo ngo-353.8%. Naphezu kwemizamo yokusiza uhulumeni, inkinga isaqhubeka. Ngo-2020, izikweletu zabafundi ezihlanganisiwe zikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-8%, okushiya ababoleki abaningi bedonsa kanzima ukukhokha.
Imiphumela yokusalela emuva ekukhokheni imali ebolekiwe idlulela ngalé kwengcindezi yezezimali. Ukwehla kwamaphuzu esikweletu kwenzeka, okuvimbela ukufinyelela kwezinye izinhlobo zokukhululeka kwezikweletu. Udaba oluqhubekayo lubhebhethekiswa ukungabibikho kwemigqa yezikweletu eyengeziwe, okuholela abantu ekujuleni kwezikweletu.
Ukukhuphuka kwemali yokufunda kudlala indima enkulu, kodwa ukuncipha kwezimali zikahulumeni zemfundo ephakeme kanye namaholo amile nakho kunomthelela kule nkinga. Nakuba usizo olusheshayo lungatholakala ngokusulwa kwezikweletu, kudingeka indlela ebanzi, ukubhekana nezindleko zokufunda, ukuncishiswa kwezimali, kanye namaholo amile ukuze kubhekwane ngokuphumelelayo nenkinga yezikweletu zabafundi.
5. Ukucwasa ngokwebala
Ukucwasa ngokwebala sekuyinkinga iminyaka eminingi e-United States. Ngo-2020, kwaba nemibhikisho emikhulu yamalungelo abantu, emikhulu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Kodwa, akubona bonke abasekela imizamo yokwenza izinto zibe ngcono.
Abanye abantu bamelene nezincwadi ezikhuluma ngobuhlanga nokucwasa, ikakhulukazi ezikoleni. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngezingane ukufunda ngalezi zindaba ezibalulekile.
Ukucwasa ngokwebala kubonakala nangezindlela ezinodlame. NgoMeyi, umuntu oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala wabulala abantu abamnyama abayishumi ngamabomu. Ubhale i-manifesto echaza ukuthi kungani ekwenzile. Wayekholelwa embonweni obizwa ngokuthi i-Great Replacement Theory, othi abantu abaMhlophe bayashintshwa.
Inhlolovo bathole ukuthi cishe amaRiphabhulikhi ayi-7 kwabayi-10, iqembu lezombangazwe, bacabanga ukuthi osopolitiki abakhululekile bafuna amandla engeziwe ngokufaka esikhundleni sabavoti abaMhlophe abalandela imithetho. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke amaRiphabhulikhi angenza okuthile okunobudlova, kodwa kubonisa ukuthi imibono yokucwasa isavamile. Kudingeka sithole izindlela zokuguqula le mibono futhi senze izwe libe ngcono kuwo wonke umuntu.
6. Izinselelo Zamalungelo Okuvota
Ukuhlaselwa kwamalungelo okuvota kungenye yezibonelo ezinkulu zezindaba zomphakathi kanye nokukhathazeka okukhulu e-United States ngoba kuthinta ezinye izindaba eziningi. I-Brennan Center For Justice ilandelela imikhawulo, futhi kusukela ngoJanuwari 1 kuya kuDisemba 7, 2021, izifunda ezingu-19 zaphasisa imithetho engama-34 ekhawulela ukufinyelela kokuvota.
AmaRepublicans abelokhu efuna imithetho eqinile yokuvota, kepha ngemuva kwezinsolo ezingamanga zokuthi uJoe Biden webe ukhetho lukamongameli, ukuhlasela kwawo kunyukile.
Isikhungo sithole ukuthi kusukela ngoMeyi 4, 2022, okungenani izikweletu ezingama-34 ezinemibandela evimbelayo bezihamba ezishayamthetho zezifundazwe eziyi-11. Kuso sonke isikhathi somthetho ka-2022, izifundazwe ezingama-39 zizocubungula cishe izikweletu ezingama-400 ezinemikhawulo zokuvota.
Lezi zikweletu zihlose ukukhawulela ukuvota kokuvota, ukukhawulela ukuvota ngeSonto, ukwethula imithetho ye-ID yomvoti emisha noma eqinile, nokunye. Le mithetho ayigcini nje ngokukhawulela ukufinyelela kwabavoti kodwa futhi isekela izimangalo ezingamanga ngobuqotho bokhetho, iqeda ukwethenjwa kwabavoti emiphumeleni.
7. Inselele Yenkinga Yababaleki
Inkinga yababaleki, okugxilwe kuyo kakhulu ngo-2019, isaqhubeka nokuba yinkinga enkulu kulabo abathinteka ngqo.
NgokweZizwe Ezihlangene, inani elingakaze libonwe labantu manje lihlala ezweni elihlukile kunendawo abazalelwa kuyo. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-70.8 abantu abaphoqeleke ukuthi bashiye amakhaya abo, kanti abacishe babe yizigidi ezingama-30 kuthiwa ababaleki. Ngokushaqisayo, ngaphezu kwesigamu senani lababaleki emhlabeni wonke lakhiwe ngabantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18.
Lo mphakathi osusiwe ubhekene nezingqinamba ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, amathuba emisebenzi kanye nezinsiza ezibalulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babalekela izingxabano noma izinhlekelele zemvelo emazweni akubo, ababaleki badinga usizo olwengeziwe ekulawuleni izinselele zokuhlela, ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo ababhekana nazo.
Abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, abanamakhono abo ayingqayizivele, bahlomele kahle ukunikeza usizo oludingekayo ukuze basize laba bantu babhekane futhi banqobe ubunzima bezimo zabo. Isidingo somzamo ohlanganyelwe wokubhekana nezinkinga ezixubene nezinkinga zababaleki sisalokhu sihamba phambili ekuqinisekiseni inhlalakahle kanye nokuzinza kwalabo abathintekile.
Funda futhi: 10 Ukwakhiwa Komphakathi Kokukhubazeka
8. Udaba Lokuvinjelwa Kwezincwadi Ezikoleni
Ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, abantu abaningi abanendaba nemfundo, njengabasebenzi basemitatsheni yezincwadi nothisha, baye bashaqeka ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lokuvinjelwa kwezincwadi okwenzeka ezikoleni kulo lonke elase-United States.
IPEN America, esibalweni sayo sokuqala esisemthethweni sezincwadi ezivinjelwe, sathola izigameko ezingaphezu kuka-1,500 26 zokuvinjelwa kwezincwadi ngezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye nje kuphela. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kwenzeke ezifundazweni ezingama-86, okuthinta izifunda zezikole ezingama-3,000 futhi kwathinta izikole ezicishe zibe ngu-2 ezinabafundi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili.
Yize izinselelo zezincwadi ezisemitapo yolwazi yezikole zingezintsha, okuhlukanisa lo mkhuba wukuthi u-41% wokuvinjelwa okubhalwe ku-PEN's Index uxhumene nezikhulu zikahulumeni noma abenzi bomthetho abakhethiwe, okuphawula “ushintsho olungakaze lubonwe ngaphambili.” Izincwadi ezibhekene nezinselele ngokuvamile zithinta izifundo ezifana nemfundo yezocansi, ubunikazi be-LGBTQ+, kanye nokufundisa ngobuhlanga nokucwasa.
Amaqembu e-Conservative, afana ne-Moms for Liberty, ngokuvamile asebenzisa impikiswano "yamalungelo abazali" ukuze athethelele lokhu kuvinjelwa. Kukhona nokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuvinjelwa kwezincwadi kungase kudlulele ngale kwemitapo yolwazi yesikole, njengoba kubonakala esimweni lapho isishayamthetho saseVirginia samangalela u-Barnes & Noble ukuze avimbele ukudayiswa kwezincwadi ezimbili okusolwa ukuthi ziyichilo ezinganeni ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali. Nakuba lokhu kwanda kokuvinjelwa kwezincwadi kukusha, okwamanje kungenye yezinkinga zomphakathi ezicindezela kakhulu e-US.
9. Inselelo Yodlame Lwezibhamu
Udlame lwezibhamu luyinkinga enkulu e-United States, futhi ochwepheshe bezempilo bathi kufana nenkinga enkulu yezempilo emphakathini. Akuthinti nje abantu ababulawayo; kunomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni ezahlukene njengezempilo kanye nezinsiza zabantu.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zodlame lwezibhamu, njengokubulala, udlame lwamaqembu ezigelekeqe, ukudubulana kwabantu abaningi nokuzibulala.
Ngokudabukisayo, i-US inenani eliphakeme kakhulu lokubulala okuhlobene nezibhamu phakathi kwamazwe athuthukile. Imiphumela yobudlova bezibhamu ayizwakali kuphela yilabo abalahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo; abantu abalimalayo, ababona udlame lwezibhamu lwenzeka noma ukulahlekelwa othile abamkhathalelayo nabo babhekana nezinkinga ezihlala isikhathi eside, emiqondweni nasemizimbeni yabo.
Indaba idlula izinombolo nje; kuwukukhathazeka okuthinta izimpilo eziningi futhi kunemiphumela efinyelela kude enhlalakahleni yabantu.
10. Ubulungiswa Besimo Sezulu
Ubulungiswa besimo sezulu bungesinye sezibonelo ezibucayi kakhulu zezindaba zomphakathi ososayensi nezishoshovu osekuyiminyaka bezigcizelela. Naphezu kwezixwayiso, kuncane osekwenziwe ukubhekana nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
I-United States manje ibhekene nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, okubonakala eziphephweni zasebusika ezibhubhisayo zango-2021. Lezi ziphepho ziholele ekuhlulekeni okubi kakhulu kwengqalasizinda yamandla e-Texas, okubangele ukushoda kwamandla, amanzi, nokudla. Umbiko ovela eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yezwe uhlonze abantu abangama-246, kodwa inani langempela lingaba phezulu.
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukufudumala okubangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu e-Arctic kungase kuhlotshaniswe nalezi ziphepho. Njengoba isimo sezulu sishisa, ukuqubuka kwe-polar vortex kuyanda, okuholela ohlotsheni lweziphepho ezibonwa eTexas. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kunomthelela ezinkathini ezinde zomlilo wequbula kanye namagagasi okushisa ashubile, njengoba kubonakala ePacific Northwest ngoJuni 2021, abangela ukufa kwamakhulu.
Izehlakalo ezinjalo “ezingajwayelekile” kubikezelwa ukuthi zizovama, zigqamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthatha isinyathelo sokubhekana nokunciphisa umthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emiphakathini yethu nemvelo.
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