I-Bureocracy yindlela yokuphatha uhulumeni lapho amandla ehlukaniswa phakathi kweminyango nezikhulu ezahlukene. Umbono uwukwenza uhulumeni asebenze kahle ngokuthi umnyango ngamunye ugxile emsebenzini othile. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, i-bureaucracy ingabangela ukubambezeleka kanye namaphepha engeziwe ngoba izikhulu eziningi zidinga ukuthatha izinqumo. Esinye sezibonelo ze-bureaucracy uhulumeni wase-US, oneminyango nama-ejensi amaningi, ngamunye ophethe imisebenzi ehlukene. Esinye isenzakalo iZizwe Ezihlangene, ezinohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlaka namakomiti ahlukahlukene.
Umgomo wokuphatha ukusebenza kahle, kodwa ngokuvamile uholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kancane ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwezikhulu eziningi. Naphezu kwezinhloso zobuchwepheshe, uhlelo lungaholela ku-red tape kanye nezithiyo zokuphatha. Empeleni, nakuba i-bureaucracy ihlose ukubusa ngendlela efanele, ukuqaliswa kwayo ngendlela engokoqobo ngezinye izikhathi kudala izinselele ekwenzeni izinto ngokushesha.
Izici ze-Bureaucracy
Kuthiyori ye-Weber's bureaucracy, i-bureaucracy inezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.
- Okokuqala, inokwakheka kwezigaba, okusho ukuthi kunochungechunge lwemiyalo olucacile nezinga ngalinye linezibopho ezithile.
- Okwesibili, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi, lapho umsebenzi wabiwa phakathi kweminyango nezikhulu ezahlukene, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu ngamunye usebenza ngokukhethekile endaweni ethile.
- Okwesithathu, kunemithetho nemigomo ebhaliwe, ehlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ecacile okufanele ilandelwe.
- Okokugcina, ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okusemthethweni kuyisici esibalulekile, nezinqumo ezenziwa ngokulandela izinqubo ezimisiwe, okushiya indawo encane yokuzikhethela komuntu siqu.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-Bureaucracy
Ehhovisi elifanele, imithetho icacile, inengqondo, futhi ayithonywa ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu noma ipolitiki. Kodwa-ke, iziphathimandla zomhlaba wangempela ngokuvamile ziyasilela kulokhu okuhle, okuholela kukho kokubili imiphumela emihle nemibi.
Izinzuzo:
Izikhungo zokuphatha zinesakhiwo esicacile, esiqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi ichazwe kahle. Lokhu kusetha kwesigaba kuvumela ukuphatha okusebenzayo, okuvumela ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha.
Imvelo yokungabi nabuntu ye-bureaucracy, nakuba igxekwa, iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okungaguquguquki kwemithetho, ukuvimbela ukukhetha okusekelwe ekuxhumekeni komuntu siqu. Ohulumeni, ngokuvamile abafundile, baqeqeshwa ngokukhethekile ukuze benze imisebenzi ngokungaguquki nangokuzibophezela. Badlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokwenza imithetho ngokunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kubenzi bomthetho abakhethiwe.
Okumbi:
Amahhovisi angaphuza ukuphendula futhi azivumelanise nezimo ngenxa yemithetho eqinile. Ukuntuleka kokuvumelana nezimo kungase kubangele ukukhungatheka phakathi kwabasebenzi, okungase kuphazamise ikhwalithi yesevisi. Isakhiwo se-hierarchical singaholela kwabangaphansi okungadingekile, ukunciphisa ukukhiqiza.
Ngaphandle kokuqondisa okufanele, abaphathi bangase basebenzise amandla abo ukuze bazuze bona, kuhlanganise nokwamukela ukufumbathiswa. Izinqubo zokuphatha, ezivame ukugxekwa njengokuthi “i-red tape,” zingadla isikhathi futhi zibize, zithiye ukulethwa kwezinsiza zomphakathi ngendlela efanele.
Funda futhi: 39 Izibonelo Zokuzimela
Izibonelo Zombuso
1. Amanyuvesi
Amanyuvesi ayizikhungo ezinkulu ezingaba nezikhulu kakhulu njengoba zikhula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banemithetho eminingi kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Othisha bavame ukukhala ngokuthi bachitha isikhathi esiningi bebhala amaphepha nokulandela imithetho, esikhundleni sokufundisa. Umbiko weForbes uthi othisha bachitha cishe u-15% wosuku lwabo emisebenzini yokuphatha.
Futhi, amanyuvesi asebenzisa imali eningi ukukhangisa ukuze ahehe abafundi abaningi, kunokuba ayisebenzise ekufundiseni. Umbiko ofanayo weForbes uthi kothisha aba-5, kunabasebenzi aba-2 bezokuphatha. Futhi, ngokumangalisayo, u-24% wayo yonke imali esetshenziswa amanyuvesi iya kwezokuphatha, hhayi ukufundisa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yendlela abaholi abaphatha ngayo inyuvesi. Ngakho-ke, inyuvesi ichitha imali eningi emaphepheni nasekukhangiseni kunokufundisa kwangempela. Kuyinkinga abantu abaningi emhlabeni wezemfundo abakhuluma ngayo.
2. Umbutho Wamaphoyisa
Umbutho wamaphoyisa ungesinye sezibonelo zokubusa kwezomthetho emhlabeni jikelele. Amaphoyisa avame ukuzithola ezulazula emithethweni nemithethonqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, okuholela ekudidekeni nasekukhungathekeni. Le nselele ibonakala ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekuqondeni nasekusebenziseni amandla.
Ngokwesibonelo, e-United Kingdom, amaphoyisa kudingeka agcwalise ifomu elide elinamakhasi ayi-10 isikhathi ngasinye lapho ehlukumeza ilungu lomphakathi. Nakuba lezi zincwadi zingase zibonakale ziwumthwalo, zifeza injongo ebalulekile. Amabutho amaphoyisa zidinga izinga elithile le-bureaucracy ukuze kusungulwe amasheke kanye nezilinganiso ezingavimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla ngokuphoqelela umthetho.
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi umbutho wamaphoyisa uwukuphela kwenhlangano yomphakathi evunyelwe ukusebenzisa udlame njengengxenye yomsebenzi wabo, kubalulekile ukuthi kube nokuhlolwa okubanzi kanye nokulingana. Lezi zinyathelo zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuziphendulela kanye nokuvimbela noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla angavamile asetshenziswa amaphoyisa.
3. Uhulumeni Wasekhaya
Imisebenzi yohulumeni wasekhaya ihlinzeka ngomfanekiso ocacile wezinqubo ze-bureaucratic ezisebenzayo. Uma ufuna ukufeza imisebenzi efana nokuthola imvume yokupaka noma ukwakha indlu entsha, kufanele udlule ezinyathelweni ezimbalwa bese uqedela amaphepha ahlolwe uhulumeni wendawo.
Cabangela inqubo yokwakha ishede elisha endaweni yakho. Uhulumeni wasekhaya wenza ukuhlola ukuze aqinisekise ukugeleza kwamanzi ngendlela efanele, ahlole ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha, ahlole ukuthi uyavumelana yini nogesi, futhi aze aqinisekise ukuthi ukwakhiwa kusendaweni yendabuko ezwela imvelo. Naphezu kwalezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, ukuthola ukugunyazwa okudingekayo kungase kukhungathekise, ngokuvamile kuvame ukulinda isikhathi eside.
Ukwengeza, uhulumeni wasekhaya unikezwe umsebenzi wokuphoqelela imithethonqubo ehlobene nokuklanywa kwezindawo, ukupaka, ukuzulazula, nezinye izici. Nakuba lezi zinqubo zingase zibonakale ziyinkimbinkimbi, zisebenzela ukugcina ukuhleleka nokugcina izindinganiso emphakathini. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kanye nokuzulazula kwezinqubo zohulumeni wasekhaya kubalulekile lapho uhlanganyela emisebenzini eyahlukene emphakathini.
Funda futhi: 6 Izibonelo Zeminyaka yobudala
4. Ibutho Lezempi
Amasosha akleliswe phakathi kwezikhulu ezinkulu emhlabeni, kanti i-China's People's Liberation Army ingeyesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kukahulumeni wase-United States, iziqhayisa ngabasebenzi abayizigidi ezingama-2.3. Ibutho lezempi lisebenza njengesibonelo esivelele se-bureaucracy ngenxa yemvelo yalo ehleleke kakhulu, elawulwayo, neyokulandelana kwezikhundla.
Ebuthweni lezempi lase-United States, kukhona isigaba esicacile esinamazinga ahlukene ezisebenzi ezibhalisiwe, izikhulu, nojenene. Izinga ngalinye lithobela isethi yalo yemithetho neziqondiso. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukukhushulwa ngaphakathi kwezempi kuvame ukulandela isistimu yesikhundla esiphezulu kunokuba kusekelwe ekufanelekeni. Ngeshwa, le ndlela ingaholela ekumeni kanye nokuntuleka kokucabanga okusha.
Ngokuvamile, amasosha asebenza njengezinhlelo ezinkulu ze-bureaucratic, ezibonakala ngezigaba zazo ezihlelekile kanye nokuhambisana nemithethonqubo. Uhlelo lokuphromotha, oluncike ekuphakameni ngaphezu kokufaneleka, lubeka izinselele ekukhuthazeni ukuqamba okusha ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlangano.
5. Ukuphathwa Kwezokuphepha Komphakathi
The UkuPhathwa KwezokuPhepha Komphakathi (SSA) yiqembu elikhulu likahulumeni e-United States futhi esinye sezibonelo zokuphatha. Iphatha izinhlelo ezifana nomhlalaphansi, ukukhubazeka, kanye nezinzuzo zabasindile. I-SSA isebenza njenge-bureaucracy ngoba inkulu kakhulu futhi inemithetho eminingi okufanele ilandelwe.
Ukuze uthole izinzuzo zokukhubazeka ezivela kwa-SSA, kufanele ubanikeze amaphepha. Lawa maphepha akhombisa ubufakazi bokukhubazeka kwakho, umlando womsebenzi, namarekhodi ezokwelapha. Ukuthola ukugunyazwa kwezinzuzo kunzima, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside.
Ngakho-ke, i-SSA iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi izinhlangano ezinkulu ezinemithetho eminingi zingahamba kancane. Uma udinga izinzuzo zokukhubazeka, kufanele ubekezele ngoba kuthatha isikhathi ukudlula inqubo yokugunyazwa.
6. Ukuthola Ilayisensi Yokushayela
Ukuthola ilayisensi yokushayela kuhilela ukubhekana neziphathimandla, okusho ukulandela inqubo ethile yokuthola ilayisensi. Akulula njengokungena nje ukucela. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele udlule ezinyathelweni ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-bureaucratic, njengokuthola imvume kumhloli wokushayela kanye nomnyango wezinkokhelo. Le nqubo ingase idle isikhathi futhi ihilele ukubhekana nomsebenzi wamaphepha.
Ukuze uthole ilayisense yakho yokushayela, udinga ukunamathela emithethweni ebekwe uhlelo lwe-bureaucratic. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphasa isivivinyo sokushayela kanye nokwenza izinkokhelo ezidingekayo. Akuyona inqubo esheshayo; kunalokho, kudinga isineke nokuhambisana nezinqubo ezimisiwe. Sekukonke, ukuthola ilayisense yokushayela kuyisibonelo sokuzulazula ku-bureaucracy, lapho izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene nezimvume zihilelekile, okwenza kube inqubo ehlelekile nelawulwayo.
7. Izinkokhelo Zomshwalense Wezempilo
Ukuba nomshwalense wezempilo kusho ukubhekana nenqwaba yamaphepha nemithetho okwenza kube esinye sezibonelo zokuphatha. Uma ufuna inkampani yakho yomshwalense ukuthi ikhave izindleko zokwelashwa, ngokuvamile kufanele ulandele izinyathelo ezithile ezifana nokuthola imvume kusengaphambili noma ukwenza inqubo yokufaka izicelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kungase kucasule ngempela, ikakhulukazi uma ungazizwa kahle.
Izinkampani zomshwalense zivame ukuqhosha ngokuthi zisingatha ngokushesha kangakanani izimangalo, ziqonda ukuthi amakhasimende ayacasuka ngayo yonke inqubo. Okugxilwe lapha kumehluko phakathi kwe-capitalist bureaucracy, njengalolu hlelo lomshwalense wezempilo, kanye ne-socialist bureaucracy, ekhomba ukuthi uhlelo lonxiwankulu luvamise ukungasebenzi kahle.
Ngamagama alula, uma ugula futhi udinga umshwalense wakho wezempilo ukuze ukhokhele okuthile, kungase kube inkinga ngenxa yayo yonke imithetho nezinyathelo okufanele uzilandele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-capitalist bureaucracy, okuyindlela uhlelo lomshwalense wezempilo olusebenza ngayo, imvamisa ibonakala ingasebenzi kahle uma iqhathaniswa nohlelo lwesocialist.
8. Ukuthola Ipasi
Uma ufuna ukuthola ipasipoti, kufanele udlule inqubo ye-bureaucratic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele wenze izinto ezimbalwa ukuze kwenzeke. Okokuqala, kufanele ugcwalise amafomu athile. Bese, uthumela lawa mafomu emnyangweni ofanele. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ubekezele futhi ulinde ukuthi bacubungule isicelo sakho. Ukufakazela ukuthi ngempela ungumuntu othi unguye, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubanike amadokhumenti athile.
Yonke le nto yamapasi ayenzeki ngokushesha. Kungathatha amasonto, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinyanga. Ngakho-ke, uma ucabanga ngokuhamba futhi udinga ipasipoti, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqala ukuhlela kusenesikhathi. Ngale ndlela, ngeke ube nokujaha, futhi konke kungahamba kahle.
9. Ukuthenga Ikhaya Lakho
Uma unquma ukuthenga indlu, kunezinyathelo ezithile okufanele uzilandele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, kungathatha isikhashana ngenxa yayo yonke imithetho kanye namaphepha, futhi lokhu kwenza kube esinye sezibonelo ze-bureaucracy. Okokuqala, kufanele ucele imvume ebhange, kodwa kufanele balandele imithetho kahulumeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuzodingeka ubabonise inqwaba yamaphepha afana nobufakazi bemali oyenzayo nokuthi ungubani.
Futhi, uhulumeni wendawo angase akucele ukuthi ubhekane nezinyathelo ezengeziwe, njengokuthola izimvume ezikhethekile ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukwakha. Le nqubo ingaba kancane futhi ingase izwakale sengathi idlula ku-red tape. Kubalulekile ukubekezela futhi uqiniseke ukuthi unakho konke ngokuhlelekile ukuze ukwazi ukuqhubekela phambili ngokushelela ngokuthenga nokwakha ikhaya lakho elisha.
Funda futhi: 6 Izibonelo Zokusebenzelana Komphakathi
10. Uhlelo Lweposi
Isistimu yemeyili ingaba nzima ukuyiqonda ngoba inamazinga amaningi, ngalinye linemithetho yalo. Lokhu kuyenza ibe ngesinye sezibonelo ze-bureaucracy, okusho ukuthi ibandakanya izinqubo eziningi ezisemthethweni. Lezi zinqubo zinganciphisa ukulethwa kwezincwadi zakho. Imeyili yakho kufanele idlule ezikhungweni ezihlukene zokucubungula, futhi esinyathelweni ngasinye, kunemithetho enqumayo ukuthi imeyili ingaqhubekela phambili yini.
Lapho uthumela incwadi, kunezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele futhi. Kungase kudingeke ukhokhe izintela noma amanani emingcele, okuyizindleko zokuthumela imeyili emingceleni. Iziphathimandla ziphinde zihlole imeyili yakho ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi ilandela imithetho mayelana nesisindo nokuthi yini engathunyelwa. Kunezinto ezithile ezivunyelwe ukuthunyelwa, futhi ezinye izinto azivunyelwe.
Ngenxa yayo yonke le mithetho nezinyathelo, isistimu yemeyili ingase ingasheshi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela esifuna ngayo. Kufana ne-maze okufanele izincwadi zakho zizulazule kuyo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi zifike lapho ziya khona. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthumela imeyili, kubalulekile ukuba nesineke futhi uqonde ukuthi kunezinqubo eziningi ezikhona ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi yonke into ilandela iziqondiso ezifanele.
11. IZizwe Ezihlangene
I-United Nations (UN) yinhlangano yomhlaba wonke eyakhiwa ngo-1945 ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II futhi ingesinye sezibonelo ezivamile zokuphatha. Kuhlanganisa namazwe angamalungu avumile ukulandela imithetho evezwe kulo mqulu. Umgomo oyinhloko we-UN ukugcina ukuthula emhlabeni wonke. Ukwengeza, ihlose ukuvikela amalungelo abantu, ukunikeza usizo ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele, kanye nokusekela intuthuko esimeme.
Cabanga nge-UN njengohlelo olukhulu lokuphatha olunezingxenye eziningi, njengoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha, i-General Assembly, ne- Secretariat. Isebenza njenge-bureaucracy, okusho ukuthi inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nemithetho ethile okufanele ilandelwe.
Ukuphatha i-UN kubiza imali eningi. Unyaka ngamunye, isebenzisa imali engaphezu kuka-$3.12 billion futhi iqashe abantu abangaphezu kuka-40,000. Naphezu kwezindleko, i-UN idlala indima ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinselele zomhlaba wonke nasekukhuthazeni ukubambisana phakathi kwezizwe.
shiya impendulo