Ukulinganisa kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izici ezintsha zibe yisistimu. Kuvame ukuxoxwa ngakho ngomongo “wokujwayelana namasiko,” lapho amaqembu abokufika ekhuthazwa ukuba amukele amasiko, izindinganiso, nezinkambiso zezenhlalo zezizwe ezisuke zikuwo. Lokhu kuhilela ukudedela noma ukufihla izici zesiko lomuntu siqu, njengokudla okuthile, izingubo zokugqoka, ulimi namasiko enkolo, okungenzeka ukuthi awavamile esizweni esikuso.
Abasekeli bokufaniswa baphikisa ngokuthi kukhuthaza ukufana kwamasiko okuhlangene kakhudlwana, kunciphisa izingxabano zamasiko, futhi kunikeza abokufika ngamathuba andayo omphakathi nezomnotho. Lesi sihloko sihlola amamodeli wetiyetha wokufanisa futhi sihlola ukuthi ukufanisa kubukeka kanjani ngamagama asebenzayo. Umbuzo obalulekile okukhulunywa ngawo ngowokuthi ingabe abalandeli bokufaniswa baqinisile yini ekuqinisekiseni izinzuzo zako, noma uma ukufana kuholela ekubandlululweni nasekubhidlikeni kokuhlukahluka kwamasiko.
Ukuqonda iTheory of Cultural Assimilation
Umqondo wokulinganisa amasiko ubulokhu ukhona inqobo nje uma abantu besuka endaweni eyodwa beya kwenye. Emuva ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu e-United States zaqala ukwakha imibono mayelana nokufanisa. UDkt. Nicki Lisa Cole wachaza le mibono ngo Isihloko sango-2018 ku- ThoughtCo.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zetiyori eziyinhloko zokufanisa, futhi ngayinye ihlinzeka ngombono ohlukile wokuthi amasiko ahlangana kanjani futhi azivumelanise kanjani.
Imodeli Yembiza Encibilikayo: Yakudala Nentsha
Imodeli yokuqala ibona i-United States njengembiza encibilikayo, lapho ukufanisa kuyinqubo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Ngokwalo mbono, isizukulwane ngasinye sifana kakhulu nesiko elibusayo. Nakuba izingane zabokufika zingase zibambelele kwamanye amasiko abazali bazo, izingane zabo siqu, nezizukulwane ezilandela ngemva kwabo, maningi amathuba okuba zidedele ezinye izici zesiko logogo nomkhulu bazo. Umgomo wokugcina wukuthi wonke umuntu emphakathini abe nesiko elifanayo.
Nokho, lo mbono uye wabhekana nokugxekwa. Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuthi “i-Anglo-conformist.” Kusebenza futhi kangcono uma isiko elivelele licacile futhi lichazwa kalula.
Ukungalungi Kobuhlanga/Ubuzwe: Izinto Ezibalulekile
Enye ithiyori ibheka ukufana kusetshenziswa i-lens yobuhlanga, ubuzwe, nenkolo. Iphakamisa ukuthi ukufanisa akuyona inqubo elingana nosayizi owodwa. Ngokuya ngesizinda somuntu, bangase babe nolwazi lokufana olushelelayo, noma babhekane nezinselele ngenxa yokucwasa ngokwebala nokucwaswa kwabokufika, ikakhulukazi kwabokufika abangebona abaMhlophe.
Ukufunda ulimi kalula kanye nokwamukela izimiso zamasiko ezivelele kungase kungenele lapho ukucwasa kuyisithiyo esibalulekile. Le thiyori igcizelela imiphumela yomuntu siqu neyomphakathi lapho amanye amaqembu enezinzuzo kuyilapho amanye ebhekana nokubi.
Ukulinganisa Okuhlukene: Izindlela Ezihlukene Zamaqembu Ahlukene
Imodeli ye-assimilation ehlukene iphikisa ukuthi amaqembu ahlukahlukene abokufika ahlanganyela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomphakathi. Lapho umuntu efika ezweni elisha, ukufinyelela kwakhe ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomphakathi kuthonywa izici ezifana nesimo senhlalo-mnotho. Abanye abantu balandela imodeli yendabuko yokufanisa, kancane kancane babe yingxenye evamile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye bangase bangene ezingxenyeni zomphakathi ezintulayo ngokwezomnotho, banciphise amathuba abo. Izazi zezokuhlalisana kwabantu futhi zifunda indlela yesithathu, lapho abantu begcina khona izindinganiso zabo eziningi zamasiko kuyilapho bezuza ngempumelelo ngokwezomnotho. Izazi ezigxile kumodeli ehlukene zivame ukuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho kwabokufika besizukulwane sesibili.
Funda futhi: Kuyini ubuzwe kanye ne-Patriotism (Nationalism Vs Patrioticism)
Ukulinganisa Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke
I-Assimilation ingumqondo oyinkimbinkimbi njengoba wembulwa amamodeli, kanye nenqubo yemvelo empilweni yangempela. Kwenzeka kaningi njengoba abantu bejwayela izindawo ezintsha, futhi izingane zabo ngokwemvelo zijwayela amasiko ahlukahlukene. Noma kunjalo, umlando wokulinganisa ungcoliswe izici ezikhathazayo.
Ukufanisa okuphoqelelwe kuye kwaphoqelelwa kubantu bomdabu kanye nabavela kwamanye amazwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, futhi lokhu kugqamisa uhlangothi olumnyama lwalesi simo. Ukwengeza, ukufanisa kuhlotshaniswa eduze nemibono yobuhlanga kanye nombono "womunye." Izimo ezimbili zibonisa izici ezingezinhle zokufanisa:
1. Ifa Elimnyama Lezikole Zokuhlala ZaseCanada
Lapho abaseYurophu bezinza eCanada, babekholelwa ekuphakameni kwabo kwamasiko. Emzamweni “wokusindisa” kanye “nokuphucula” aboMdabu, bamukela iphrojekthi engalungile eyaba nemiphumela elimazayo. Ngokuthola ugqozi oluvela e-United States, uhlelo lwezikole zokuhlala lwasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1880 futhi lwenziwa lwaba isibopho ezinganeni zoMdabu ngo-1920, luzishiya zingenayo enye indlela.
Isizathu sasiwukuthi abantu boMdabu neCanada babekwazi ukuchuma kuphela ngokuthathwa ngenkani. Izikole zaphoqelela ukufana ngokuphoqelela izingubo zaseYurophu, ukugunda izinwele zezingane, nokuvumela isiNgisi kuphela, zinqamula ubuhlobo bomndeni namasiko.
Izingane zakhuthazelela ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, nangokomoya, kanye nokungondleki kahle nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Phakathi kuka-1883 no-1997, izingane ezingaphezu kuka-150,000 1996 zathathwa ngendluzula emakhaya azo. Isikole sokugcina esihlala abantu savala iminyango yaso kuphela ngo-XNUMX, sashiya abasindile besabhekene nalokhu kuhlukumezeka.
Ngo-2015, umbiko wokugcina weKhomishana Yeqiniso Nokubuyisana wembula isiphetho esishaqisayo sokuthi uhlelo lwezikole okuhlala kuzo luzame “ukuqothulwa kohlanga,” nobufakazi obuphakamisa iqiniso elibi nakakhulu lokuqothulwa kohlanga, njengoba kwatholakala amathuna amaningi ezikoleni ezihlukahlukene. Ngo-2021, Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc First Nation ibike cishe izindawo zokungcwaba ezingaba ngu-200 esikoleni sangaphambili sase-Kamloops Indian Residential School, ezitholwe ngokusebenzisa i-radar engena emhlabathini.
Umkhankaso waseCanada wokufanisa, okuthiwa unenzuzo, esikhundleni salokho waphumela ekucekeleni phansi kwamasiko aboMdabu, kwabangela ukuhlukumezeka nokulahlekelwa kabuhlungu kwezimpilo zezingane. Njengamanje, iCanada ibhekene necala lokwephulwa kwayo okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu.
2. Indida yabantu base-Asia baseMelika e-United States
Umlando wama-Asiya eMelika uveza indaba eyinkimbinkimbi yokufanisa, eveza indida e-United States. Nakuba evame ukudunyiswa “njengedlanzana eliyisibonelo,” abantu baseMelika base-Asia ngasikhathi sinye babhekana nokubizwa ngokuthi “abanakufana.”
Le ndida isukela emuva ekhulwini le-19 lapho abokufika baseShayina, abafika ngawo-1850, babengaphansi kokucwaswa kwabantu base-Asia. Bebhekwa njengabasebenzi abashibhile, babambe iqhaza njengabalimi, abasebenzi belondolo, nezisebenzi zikaloliwe ngesikhathi kwakhiwa Umzila Wesitimela Odlula Izwe. Ukungezwani kwakhula, kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngoMthetho Wokukhishwa KwamaShayina ka-1882, owachithwa kuphela uMthetho we-Magnuson ngo-1943, wavumela ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe okulinganiselwe.
Enkulumweni yango-2012 enesihloko esithi “Abase-Asia eMelika: I-Paradox ye-'The Model Minority' kanye 'Nesihambi Esingapheli,'” UDkt. Min Zhou wagqamisa imibono engemihle yabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe base-Asia ngaphambi kweWWII, ebaveza njengabafokazi “abanobuqili” abanamasiko angawajwayele. Ukucwasa kwaqina phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ikakhulukazi kubantu baseMelika baseJapane, okwaholela emakamu okuboshwa. UDkt. Zhou ukhomba lesi sikhathi njengesiqalo senganekwane “yemodeli encane,” njengoba amaShayina aseMelika ayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwawo e-US futhi aziqhelelanisa namaJapane aseMelika.
Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamalungelo omphakathi, inganekwane encane eyimodeli yaqina, iveza abantu base-Asia baseMelika njengezibonelo zokufanisa ngempumelelo. Lo mbono, nokho, awugcini nje ngokuhlukanisa amaqembu amancane kodwa futhi wenza kube lula kakhulu okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukahlukene kwabo bonke abantu base-Asian Island Island, kufihla ukucwasa okungokomlando.
Izehlakalo zakamuva, ezifana nokudlondlobala kokucwasa kwabantu base-Asia ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19, ziveze obala umngcele ontekenteke phakathi kokuba “idlanzana eliyisibonelo” nokubonwa “njengowesinye isizwe” njalo. Naphezu kokuthuthuka ekufanisweni, abantu base-Asia baseMelika bayaqhubeka nokubhekana nokucwaswa nobudlova, bephakamisa imibuzo mayelana nempumelelo yokufanisa njengomqondo womphakathi.
Funda futhi: Kuyini Ukuhlukahluka Kwamasiko Futhi Kungani Kubalulekile?
I-Biculturalism vs. Ukwenziwa Kwezamasiko
Lapho isiko elibusayo ligcizelela ukuthi wonke umuntu ahambisane nezindlela zalo, ukufanisa kuba semqoka empumelelweni. Lokhu kubonakala ezimweni zomlando njengezikole ezihlala e-Canada kanye nolwazi lwabantu base-Asian American. Kodwa-ke, ukufanisa okuphelele akukona ukuphela kwenketho, futhi akuhlali kuyiyona engcono kakhulu.
Ukwenqaba ukujwayelana ngokuphelele kungaholela ekuhlukanisweni kanye namathuba aphuthelwe. Ngakho-ke, ingabe kukhona indawo ephakathi?
I-Psychology Today ichaza i-biculturalism njengokuhlanganisa isizinda samasiko somuntu nezinto azizwile. Kunokuba uzizwe uhlukene phakathi kwamasiko amabili, kumayelana nokubuyisana. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngu-Seth Schwartz, uprofesa wesayensi yezempilo yomphakathi, lubonisa ukuthi i-biculturalism ingaholela ekuzethembeni okuphezulu, ukukhathazeka okuncane, kanye nobudlelwane bomndeni obungcono. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abantu abathatheke ngokugcwele bavame ukubhekana nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “indida yabafuduki.”
Esikhundleni sokufana ngokuphelele, abantu bangahlanganisa izici zamasiko ahlukahlukene ukuze bakhe ubuwena obuyingqayizivele nobanelisayo. Le ndlela ivumela abantu ukuthi balondoloze ukuxhumana nefa labo ngenkathi bemukela ulwazi olusha.
Isiphetho
Lapho abantu becabangela ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, abaningi bangase bakhethe ukuhlanganisa amasiko amabili uma bezizwa bemukelekile. Nokho, ezinye izindawo zingase zingabakhuthazi abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba balondoloze isiko labo, noma banemithetho eqondile mayelana nokuthi yini eyamukelekayo. Izwe lingase likwamukele ukudla okusha okulethwa abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe kodwa libe nemingcele emikhubeni yabo yenkolo. Lapho kuba nemingcele eyengeziwe, abantu bazizwa bengamukelekile kangako, okubenza bangathambekele ekulondolozeni ubuntu babo bamasiko. Naphezu kwezinselele, abanye bangase bakuthole kulula ukushiya isikhathi sabo esidlule futhi bakuqonde ngokugcwele.
Ukuze i-biculturalism iphumelele, amazwe kufanele ayisekele ngenkuthalo. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi kubhekwane nezindaba ezinjengokucwasa ngokwebala kanye nokucwaswa kwabokufika, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasiko ehlukene ayabungazwa kunokuba akhishwe inyumbazane.
Izinhlelo zokusekela kufanele zisungulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlukana kwamasiko ekubeni yizithiyo zempumelelo. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayigcini nje ngokunikela enjabulweni nasenhlalakahleni yabantu kodwa futhi ikhuthaza amasiko ahlukahlukene futhi anothisa ngezinga elibanzi. Ekugcineni, ukwamukela i-biculturalism ngamabomu kudala umphakathi lapho abantu abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene bengaphilisana khona ngokuzwana, kuthuthukiswe umphakathi onempilo nonogqozi.
shiya impendulo