Inkcazelo elula yegama elithi “Ubuhlanga” ngokwe-Oxford English Dictionary, yinkolelo yokuba uhlanga ngalunye luneempawu ezikhethekileyo nezingaphakathi. Yinkolelo yokuba uhlanga lungaphezulu kunolunye
Ubuhlanga bunokuza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo – bunobuntu, bumiliselwe kumaziko, okanye bufakwe ngaphakathi ngumntu. Ucalucalulo lubandakanya izimo zengqondo, izenzo, kunye neenkqubo ezipheleleyo.
Ngokwembali, ubuhlanga bathatha into ebalulekileyo guquka xa abamhlophe baseYurophu nabaseMelika baphuhlisa ingcamango yanamhlanje “yohlanga” ukuze bathethelele umkhwa wobukhoboka. Ngelixa ucalucalulo kunye nokungakhethi bekukho kwimbali, le ngcamango yobuhlanga idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni izenzo zocalucalulo ezisaqhubayo namhlanje.
Kweli nqaku, siza kugocagoca ngesiqalo socalucalulo, sikhanyisela ukuba ngubani na osungule esi senzo socalucalulo. Ukongeza, siza kubonisa imizekelo emihlanu yobuhlanga ukuze siqonde ngcono ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Ngapha koko, siza kuxoxa ngeendlela zokuthatha amanyathelo ngokuchasene nobuhlanga.
Imvelaphi kunye neengcambu zeMbali zoCalucalulo
Ubuhlanga buneengcambu zabo kwingcinga yamva nje “yohlanga,” ucalucalulo olwavela ngexesha lobuhlanga. Urhwebo ngamakhoboka eTransatlantic ngenkulungwane ye-16. Kangangamawaka eminyaka ngaphambi koku, abantu babeziqonda iiyantlukwano phakathi kwabo kodwa babengabacalucaluli abantu ngokwebala.
Noko ke, njengoko imfuneko yabasebenzi abakhotyokiswayo yayisanda ngenkulungwane ye-17, abantu abamhlophe baseYurophu nabaseMerika bafuna isizathu sokungamakhoboka, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuvelisweni kwengcamango “yobuhlanga.”
Unjingalwazi uAndrew Curran, kwinqaku leXesha, ubalaselisa indlela izazinzulu kunye neentanda-bulumko zelo xesha ezizifunele iingcaciso ezingezizo ezenkolo ukuthethelela iiyantlukwano ezibonwayo phakathi kwamaAfrika nabamhlophe baseYurophu.
Ezi ngcinga azizange ziphenjelelwe nje kukufuna ukwazi ngokwenzululwazi; babefuna ngenkuthalo izizathu zokuba bube busemthethweni.
Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo kunye neethiyori zepseudoscientific ezingavunyelwanga, kwavela ulawulo lobuhlanga, lubeka abantu abamhlophe phezulu kunye nabaMnyama ezantsi. Abanye babemi ngelithi “iintlanga” ezithile zazimiselwe ukukhotyokiswa, besithi oko kwakubangelwa kucwangco kwemvelo.
Ngaphandle kwezizathu zenzululwazi, iingxoxo zonqulo zazikwadityaniswa nengcamango “yohlanga.” Ezi nkolelo zidibene zibe negalelo ekusekweni kwemigangatho yobuhlanga ekhuthaza ucalucalulo nokungalingani.
Ukuqonda imbali yophuhliso lobuhlanga kunika ukukhanya kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo nezinxibeleleneyo ezithe zabumba ukuqonda kwethu kwangoku ngobuhlanga.
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Ukuvela kobuhlanga ngokuhamba kwexesha
Ubuhlanga butshintshile ngokuhamba kwexesha. Emva phayaa ngowe-1859, inqanawa yokugqibela eyayithwele amakhoboka yafika eUnited States. Ubukhoboka baphela kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva emva kweMfazwe yaseMelika yaseMelika.
Nangona ubukhoboka bapheliswa, ubuhlanga abuzange buphele. Kwanabo babesilwa nobukhoboka babengasoloko bekholelwa kukulingana phakathi kwabantu abaNtsundu nabamhlophe; babecinga ukuba ubukhoboka buphosakele.
Ubuhlanga buqhubekile nokubumba indlela abantu ababonana ngayo kunye neziqu zabo.
Namhlanje, ubuhlanga abunyanyezelwa kwiindawo ezininzi, kodwa imigaqo-nkqubo emidala nocalucalulo olufihlakeleyo lusabangela ukungalingani phakathi kweentlanga. Kunokuba baqonde impembelelo yobukhoboka nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwixesha elidluleyo, abanye abantu batyhola iiyantlukwano zemvelo phakathi kweentlanga ngokungalingani. Kodwa inzululwazi ibonisa ukuba uhlanga alusekelwanga kwibhayoloji.
Ngelixa uhlanga luyimbono yokwenyani yezentlalo nezopolitiko, abukho ubungqina besayensi bokuba abantu bohlulwe babe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo eentlanga ngeDNA yabo.
Ukuchonga imizekelo yobuhlanga
Ubuhlanga bunokubonwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akunjalo. Kodwa wazi njani xa uyibona? Nantsi imizekelo emihlanu yokukunceda uqonde:
1. Ubuhlanga obungakhethi mbala
Abantu abaninzi bakhuthaza ukuba “ngababoni ngebala,” besithi uhlanga alunamsebenzi kwaye kufuneka lungahoywa. Le mbono, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-colourblind racism, ngempazamo ikholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokuba ubuhlanga abuyonyani ngokwebhayoloji, ukuxoxa okanye ukubuvuma akuyomfuneko.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona ubuhlanga busenokungasekelwanga kwibhayoloji, ngokungathandabuzekiyo bukhona njengolwakhiwo lwentlalo, kwaye ubuhlanga busengumba ogqubayo.
Abo bazibanga bengaboni kakuhle ngebala badla ngokufak’ isandla kuqhushululu oluncinane—izenzo zokungacingela okanye amagqabaza ajongela phantsi abantu ngokwebala labo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu, nangona besithi abanacalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, basenokuba baseneembono ezinekhethe.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, uphando malunga nokungaboni umbala kwimeko yezonyango lubonise ukuba oogqirha ababhalisela le ngcamango bavame ukubandakanya uhlanga kwizigqibo zabo zokuhlola kunye nonyango.
Ukwala ukubuvuma ubukho bocalucalulo ngempazamo kuyabuqhubela phambili. Ngokuthatha isimo sengqondo esingavisisaniyo, abantu ngabanye banokuthi bengazi babambelele kwizenzo nezimo zengqondo zocalucalulo.
Ukuqaphela ukuba ubuhlanga yintlalo yoluntu ayithethi ukulahla impembelelo yayo; endaweni yoko, ifuna ukuqonda okungafaniyo okunokunceda ukudiliza ucalucalulo lwenkqubo nokukhuthaza ukulingana kokwenyani.
2. IiNgxwabangxwaba zobuhlanga kunye neeNgcaciso
Izithuko zobuhlanga kunye neengcamango zobuhlanga zibonisa ubuhlanga. I-Slurs ngamagama akhubekisayo kunye namabinzana asetyenziselwa ukuthuka kunye nokucalula abantu okanye amaqela ngokobuhlanga okanye ubuhlanga babo. La magama agxekwa ngokubanzi yaye, kwezinye iindawo, agqalwa njengentetho enentiyo, ekhokelela kwimiphumo esemthethweni.
Iingqikelelo zobuhlanga ziinkolelo eziqhelekileyo ngabantu ezisekelwe kuhlanga lwabo. Ngelixa ezinye zinokuba nezakhayo, ezininzi zingalunganga, ziqhubela phambili iingcamango ezenzakalisayo ezifana namaqela athile atyekele kugonyamelo okanye kukuziphatha kolwaphulo-mthetho.
Iingqikelelo ezigwenxa zinegalelo kucalucalulo, ukungabandakanywa ekuhlaleni, kunye nokwenzakala ngokwasengqondweni. Nkqu neengqikelelo ezibonakala zilungile azinambeko njengoko zinyanzelisa ulindelo olwenziwe lula kakhulu ebantwini.
Zombini izinyemba zobuhlanga kunye neengcinga ezisoloko zisetyenziswa ngabantu zidlala indima ekukhuthazeni imeko-bume yocalucalulo nocalucalulo. Kubalulekile ukwamkela kunye nokugxeka ukuziphatha okunjalo ukukhuthaza ubandakanyo kunye nokuqondana phakathi koluntu olwahlukeneyo.
3. Ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga
Ucalucalulo lobuhlanga luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lobuhlanga apho abantu baphathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yobuhlanga babo. Kwenzeka kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi, njengemisebenzi, amakhaya, izikolo, iinkundla, kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ucalucalulo alubonakali. Imithetho okanye izenzo zisenokungalukhankanyi uhlanga, kodwa zisenokungabi nabulungisa.
Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States, amantombazana aMnyama ahlala efumana isohlwayo esiqatha esikolweni, nangona ingekho ngokusemthethweni ngenxa yohlanga lwawo. Kwenye imeko, intombazana eneminyaka eli-12 ubudala yaseMnyama yangena engxakini ngokubhala “hi” kwindawo yokutshixa. Wajamelana nemiphumo eyingozi, ngoxa intombazana emhlophe eyayibandakanyekile yaya isiba lula. Kwakungekho mgaqo othi amantombazana aMnyama kufuneka aphathwe ngqwabalala, kodwa kwenzeka.
Ucalucalulo lungenzeka nangaphandle kokukhankanya uhlanga. Akulunganga kwaye kwenzakalisa abantu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokuyeka ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga naphi na apho lusenzeka khona.
4. Isenzo socalucalulo ngokobuhlanga
Ukwahlulahlula uluntu ngokobuhlanga, okwakwaziwa “njengokucalulana ngokobuhlanga,” kuthetha ukwahlula abantu ngokobuhlanga babo kunye nokunciphisa ukufikelela kwabo kwizinto, kumaziko, kwiinkonzo namathuba. Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya ucalucalulo eMzantsi Afrika kunye ne Imithetho kaJim Crow kuMzantsi waseMelika. Kwezi nkqubo, abantu abaNtsundu babenyanzelwa ukuba bahlale kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, bafunde kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo, basebenzise izibonelelo zikawonke-wonke ezahlukeneyo, baze bahlale kumacandelo athile kwizithuthi zikawonke-wonke.
Nangona iinzame zokuthethelela oku kwahlula kunye nemfundiso "eyahlukileyo kodwa elinganayo," abantu abamnyama baseMelika bahlala befumana unyango oluphantsi kunye neenkonzo. Ucalucalulo olufanayo lwenzeka eMzantsi Afrika.
Isenzo sokwahlula uluntu ngokobuhlanga kukuthanda oko kubizwa ngokuba ziintlanga “eziphezulu” nokuthintela ukuxubana kobuhlanga, bubuhlanga obugqithisileyo. Nangona abaxhasi baphikisana ngokulingana ekucaluleni, ukwahlukana okunyanzeliswayo kuhlala kukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu.
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5. Ukujolisa abantu ngokuSekwe kubuhlanga
Ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho komnye umntu ngenxa yohlanga kubizwa ngokuba lulwaphulo-mthetho olunentiyo. Ukuba abantu abaninzi bajongwe kwaye benzakaliswa ngokusekelwe kuhlanga lwabo, iba yimbubhiso. Imbubhiso ithetha ukubulala ngabom iqela elikhulu labantu abasuka kwimvelaphi yohlanga okanye isizwe ukuze babatshabalalise ngokupheleleyo.
IHolocaust ngumzekelo ombi woku. Kwi KwiNkohlakalo, amaNazi ayejolisa abantu abangamaYuda beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo, ebagqala njengohlanga olwahlukileyo. AmaNazi aqala ngokwenza abantu abangamaYuda babonakale bengabalulekanga kwaye bengathandi abantu abaqhelekileyo ngenxa yohlanga lwabo.
Oku kwakhokelela ekubahlukaniseni, kubagcine bekude noluntu, yaye ekugqibeleni, bababulala ngokucwangcisiweyo. I-Holocaust ngumzekelo onzima wokuchasana nobuhlanga, uhlobo oludala lobuhlanga olwalukho ngaphambi kokuba siqonde ngoku uhlanga.
Unokulwa Njani Ubuhlanga?
Ubuhlanga buyenzeka kuyo yonke indawo nakwimidlalo yobungcali. Amanyathelo athathiweyo ukunqanda ubuhlanga, kodwa ngaba amaziko enza ngokwaneleyo ukukhabela ubuhlanga?
Makhe sijonge amanye amanyathelo okunceda ukulwa ubuhlanga.
Kufuneka Uqonde Ubuhlanga
Ukuqonda ubuhlanga linyathelo lokuqala lokululungisa. Ubuhlanga asikokuba khohlakele nje emntwini ngenxa yohlanga lwakhe. Zininzi iindlela ezibonakalisa ngayo, nangaphandle kokuba abantu bathetha ukuba nobuhlanga.
Ukuba ufuna ukuyeka ubuhlanga, funda kangangoko unako malunga nalo. Funda iincwadi, mamela iingoma, bhala imibongo, funda, kwaye uthethe nabantu abanolwazi ngobuhlanga. Bachithe ixesha elininzi befunda kwaye banokukufundisa. Nje ukuba uluqonde ngcono ubuhlanga, ungaqalisa ukusebenza ukwenza izinto zibengcono.
Inkxaso yeMigaqo-nkqubo yokuLingana ngokobuhlanga
Ukuthethelela utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo kubalulekile ekuchithweni ubuhlanga obuseziko, uthungelwano oluntsonkothileyo lwemithetho, imithetho, kunye neenkqubo ezigcina ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu. Ukuze kubekho utshintsho oluhlala luhleli, akwanelanga ukuba abantu baguqule iimbono zabo ngobuhlanga; iinkqubo ezinyanzelisa ubuhlanga kufuneka ziguqulwe.
Ukwenza umahluko, unokuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo eqhubekayo ngokuvota, amaqela axhasa umva, kwaye uphonononge imigaqo kwindawo osebenza kuyo, esikolweni, okanye kweminye imibutho obandakanyeka kuyo.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga nokuba ungaqala ngaphi, jonga iingcebiso zomgaqo-nkqubo ezibekwe yimibutho yobulungisa bobuhlanga. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwezi nzame, unegalelo ekudaleni uluntu olunobulungisa nolingano ngakumbi kumntu wonke.
Yamkela ukuKhula komntu kwiLizwe eliBandakanya ngakumbi
Ukujongana nobuhlanga kunokuba ngumceli mngeni ngenxa yempembelelo yabo ebanzi, kodwa ukugxila kutshintsho lomntu sisiqalo esibalulekileyo. Thatha uxanduva lwezenzo zakho, njengoko umntu engazi ukubamba umkhethe, ucalucalulo, okanye ubuhlanga.
Zibophelele ekuguquleni ubomi bakho ngokuphonononga iinkolelo zakho kunye nonxibelelwano, kwaye uthethe ngokuchasene nobuhlanga xa udibana. Uxanduva luyahluka ngokusekelwe kumava omntu; abo basuka kumaqela angathathi ntweni bajongene nemingeni eyahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa nabamhlophe.
Kubalulekile ukunqanda ukubeka wonke umthwalo wokuphelisa ubuhlanga emagxeni oluntu olunobuhlanga. Endaweni yoko, ukukhuthaza ubumbano phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo, ukubeka phambili inkxaso yoluntu, kunye nokuvumela ixesha lokuphumla zizinto eziphambili zokufikelela kwinkqubela phambili ehlala ihleli. Ukwamkela ukukhula komntu siqu kunegalelo ekwakhiweni kwelizwe elibandakanyayo neliqondayo kumntu wonke.
Shiya iMpendulo