Ubudala bubhekisa kucalucalulo okanye ukucalula abantu ngokweminyaka yabo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengokucalulwa emsebenzini apho umntu usenokungafumani msebenzi okanye anyuselwe ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Ubudala ngomnye wemizekelo yeminyaka yobudala, kuxa abantu abadala bebaphatha kakubi abantu abatsha okanye bengabathatheli ngqalelo. Ubudala bedijithali yenzeka xa abantu abadala abadala bengabandakanywanga okanye bengahoywa kusetyenziso lwetekhnoloji okanye ukufikelela.
Olunye uhlobo lubudala obubonwayo, oluhlala lubonwa kumajelo eendaba afana neHollywood, apho iimbono ezicingelwayo malunga namathuba omlinganiselo weminyaka kubadlali okanye abadlali beqonga. I-Ageism ide ichaphazele uphando lwamanani, apho amaqela athile obudala anokungahoywa okanye amelwe kakubi. Ikwakhona kukhathalelo lwempilo, apho abantu abadala banokungafumani nyango lufanelekileyo okanye ingqalelo.
Ukujongana nobudala kunokuba nzima. Inokuchaphazela impilo yengqondo, ukuzithemba, kunye nezezimali. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokulwa nayo. Oku kuquka ukwazisa abantu, ukucela umngeni kwimpatho engalunganga, kunye nokukhuthaza ubandakanyo kwiindawo zokusebenza nakubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuma ngokuchasene ne-ageism kunokwenza umehluko ekudaleni uluntu oluhloniphekileyo nolunobulungisa kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka.
Yintoni iAgeism?
Ubudala kuxa abantu begweba okanye baphathe abanye ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yobudala babo. Kwenzeka emsebenzini okanye kubomi bomntu, echaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantu abancinci. Kodwa abantu abadala bahlala bejongana nocalucalulo ngakumbi kuba uluntu luthanda ukuthanda ulutsha ngakumbi.
Olu khetho luqala kwangoko. Nanjengabantwana, sifunda ukuba ukukhula akulunganga kwaye abantu abadala abakwazi ukulawula izinto kakuhle. Sibona oku kwiintengiso ezithembisa ukwenza imibimbi iphele okanye iinkqubo zikamabonwakude ezibonisa abantu abadala njengabangenalwazi. Iziqhulo kunye nezimvo ezivela kusapho kunye nezihlobo zinokusasaza iimbono zobudala.
Ubudala bubonwa njengento elunge ngakumbi kunobuhlanga okanye ngokwesini, kodwa kuseyingxaki enkulu. Ukuyilungisa akuzukwenzeka ngobusuku, kodwa ukungayihoyi ayisompendulo. Unokwenza izinto zokulwa nobudala. Ngokuthatha inyathelo, wenza ubomi bubengcono kwaye uncede ekudaleni inkcubeko enobulungisa apho iistereotypes zibalulekile kwaye ucalucalulo lwenzeka kancinci.
Imizekelo yobudala
1. Ucalucalulo Emsebenzini
Ubudala emsebenzini ngomnye wemizekelo ebalaseleyo. inento yokwenza nempatho engafanelekanga kubantu abadala emsebenzini kwaye yagxininiswa ngu-Loretto ngo-2000. UPalmore wongeze ngelithi abaphathi bahlala bebhala abasebenzi abadala ngokubaneenkani ngotshintsho, abangenabuchule kakhulu, kwaye banzima ukufundisa, ngokophononongo lwakhe luka-1999.
Ngeli xesha, abasetyhini bahlangabezana nokuthambekela kweminyaka emininzi njengoko kudla ngokucingelwa ukuba bayasuka emsebenzini xa benabantwana. Olu calucalulo lunokunciphisa amathuba emisebenzi kwaye luchaphazele indlela ababonwa nabaphathwa ngayo abasebenzi abadala, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukukhula kwimisebenzi yabo.
Ayikokulunga nje; imalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu unokudubula ekwenzeni kakuhle kwimisebenzi yakhe, nokuba mdala kangakanani okanye isini. Yiyo loo nto kukho ukutyhalwa kweendawo zokusebenza ukuba zamkele iyantlukwano kwaye baphathe wonke umntu ngokusekwe kwizakhono zabo kunye nesakhono sabo, endaweni yeengcinga okanye iingqikelelo ezisekelwe kwiminyaka okanye isini.
Funda kwakhona: 15 Imizekeliso yoMkhethe ngokweQela
2. Ii-Stereotypes eziSekwe ngobudala
Iingqikelelo zeminyaka yobudala zixhaphakile, ngakumbi ezijolise kubantu abadala. Abantu bahlala bebhala ukulibala kubantu abadala "njengexesha eliphezulu," nangona nabani na enokulibala izinto. Amabinzana ahlabayo anjengelithi “ixhego elimdaka” okanye “ubuntwana besibini” afak’ isandla kubuntu obudala, ebumba indlela esibabona ngayo abantu abakhulileyo.
Kukwakho nebinzana elithi, “ixesha lokuphelelwa lithemba,” elibonisa ingongoma ethi emva koko umntu ajongwe njengongenamtsalane xa ethandana. Ezi ngcamango zidla ngokudala izigwebo ezingafanelekanga malunga nabantu abadala, kucingwa ukuba bonke bayalibala okanye abasanqweneleki. Bazibetha ngoyaba iimpawu ezizodwa kunye namava omntu ngamnye, ngokungafanelekanga bazibeka ngokwamaqela ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala.
Kubalulekile ukuba ucele umngeni kwezi nkolelo, ukuqonda ukuba ubudala abuchazi ukubaluleka okanye ubuchule bomntu. Wonke umntu, nokuba mdala kangakanani na, ufanelwe yintlonipho nempatho engenamkhethe, ekhululekile kwezi nkolelo zisikelwa umda nezingachanekanga. Ukwamkela ukwahluka kwamava kunye nobuntu phakathi kwabantu abadala kunokunceda ukophula ezi ngcamango ziyingozi.
3. Ubudala
Ubudala kuxa abantu abadala bethandwa kunabantu abancinci, kwaye kukho umkhethe ngokuchasene nabantwana kunye nolutsha. Abantu badla ngokucinga ukuba abaselula abanakufak’ isandla kakhulu baze bazityeshele iingcamango zabo. Abantu abancinci kulindeleke ukuba benze ngeendlela ezithile kuba bebancinci. Enye ingcamango ehlobeneyo “kukukrexeza,” apho uluntu lukholelwa ukuba ngabantu abadala kuphela abaqolileyo nabaphetheyo xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abaselula. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abadala babambe amandla amaninzi kunye nefuthe ngenxa nje yobudala babo.
Lo mkhethe unokuchaphazela iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi, njengendlela abantu abaselula abaphathwa ngayo ezikolweni, kwiintsapho nasekuhlaleni. Isenokunciphisa amathuba abo okuba babelane ngezimvo okanye benze izigqibo, becinga ukuba abanazo ingcinga zibalulekileyo. Abantu abadala basenokungazithathi nzulu ngenxa yobudala babo, nto leyo enokwenza abantu abaselula bazive bengaxabisekanga.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda kunye nokucela umngeni koku kuthambekela ukudala amathuba afanelekileyo kumntu wonke, nokuba mdala kangakanani. Ngokuqaphela kunye nokuhlonipha iimbono zabantu abatsha, sinokwenza imeko ebandakanya ngakumbi kunye nenkxaso ukuba bakhule kwaye babe negalelo elihle kuluntu.
4. Ucalucalulo Olulungileyo
“Ucalucalulo Olulungileyo,” gama elo elisetyenziswa kwimeko yasekuhlaleni, lichaza uhlobo lomkhethe apho amaqela athile obudala, abancinane nabakhulileyo, ejongwa ngobubele kodwa ekwabonwa njengabangenakukwazi okanye abafanelekela kangako. Esi simo sengqondo siquka ukubagqala njengabanobuhlobo kodwa abangenabuchule ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, uphando olwenziwa yi-Age Concern lubonise ukuba i-48% yabaphenduli bafumanisa abantu abangaphezu kwama-70 ukuba banobuhlobo, ngelixa kuphela i-27% yathetha into efanayo malunga nabangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30.
Olu khethe ludla ngokubangelwa yingcamango yoluntu enxulumanisa amaqela athile obudala aneempawu ezithile. Abantu banokubona abantu abadala benobubele kwaye bethandeka kodwa bakholelwa ukuba abanakukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi okanye ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. Ngokufanayo, abantu abaselula basenokujongwa njengabanobuhlobo kodwa bangathabathi nzulu ngenxa yembono yokungabi namava okanye ukungaqoli kwabo.
Oku kukhetha, nangona kubonakala ngathi kulungile, kusenokuwanciphisa amathuba kwaye kudalwe ulindelo olungalunganga olusekwe kuphela kwiminyaka yobudala. Ukujongana nocalucalulo olunobubele kubandakanya ukuqaphela ezi ngqikelelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu bayo yonke iminyaka bayaxatyiswa ngenxa yezakhono zabo kunye negalelo labo kunokuba bagwetywe kuphela ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango ezinxulumene nobudala.
Funda kwakhona: Yeyiphi iMizekelo yokungalingani kweNtlalo? (Iingcebiso kubafundi)
5. Ubudala beDijithali
I-Digital Ageism ngomnye wemizekelo ebalaseleyo; kuxa abantu bephathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yendlela ababusebenzisa ngayo ubuchwephesha. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba abantu abancinci bahlala belungile ngetekhnoloji, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba abantu abadala abanakuyisebenzisa kwaphela. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba abantu abadala banokungafikeleli kangako kwizixhobo zombane kwaye banokungafundiswa ukuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ngenxa yoku, banokuziva bengaqinisekanga ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji.
Ubudala ayisosizathu sokwenyani umntu angasokola ngetekhnoloji. Kumalunga nokungabinawo amathuba afanayo okufunda okanye ukuziqhelanisa. Khawufane ucinge ukuba bekufuneka udlale umdlalo wevidiyo ngaphandle kokuboniswa ukuba zisebenza njani ulawulo- bekuya kuba nzima ukudlala, akunjalo? Luhlobo lwendlela oluyiyo kubantu abadala abazama ukufumana itekhnoloji ngaphandle komntu obafundisayo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nabani na unokufunda ukusebenzisa itekhnoloji, nokuba ubudala babo. Ngamanye amaxesha konke okufunekayo kukufumana uncedo oluncinci okanye ukuziqhelanisa ukuze ufumane ukuxhoma kuyo. Ubudala bedijithali kwenzeka xa abantu becinga ukuba umntu akakwazi ukufunda ngenxa yokuba emdala, kwaye oko akulunganga.
6. Ubudala kukhathalelo lwezeMpilo
I-Ageism, njengoko ichazwe nguRobert Butler, ingaphezulu nje kweengcamango malunga neminyaka. Ichaphazela ngokunzulu ukhathalelo lwempilo. Kwiimeko zonyango, ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala luchaphazela indlela oogqirha abaphatha ngayo izigulane. Ukususela ekuhlolweni kokuqala ukuya kukhetho lonyango, ubudala budlala indima. Ngelishwa, izigulana esele zikhulile zihlala zijongana nemibono engeyiyo evela koogqirha, abanokubabona njengabangenathemba okanye abangenathemba kangako. Oku kuchaphazela unyango olunikezelwayo, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bakhethe ukhathalelo oluncinci, bebeka phambili ulawulo lwezifo kunokuzama ukunyangwa.
Lo mba unokukhokelela ekubeni izigulana ezindala zingafumani inqanaba elifanayo lonyango oluqatha olunokuthi izigulane eziselula zilufumane. Yingxaki ephathelele kukhathalelo lwempilo echaphazela indlela amaqela ahlukeneyo akhathalelwa ngayo kunye nezigqibo zonyango ezenziweyo kubo. Olu hlobo localucalulo lunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bomntu kunye nokufikelela kunyango olunokubakho olunokusindisa ubomi ngokusekelwe kwiminyaka yabo.
Iimpembelelo ze-Ageism
Ubudala buhamba ngaphaya kwamagama abuhlungu; inokuba neempembelelo ezinkulu kwindlela oziva ngayo, impilo yakho, ubomi bakho bentlalontle, kunye nemali yakho. Ukuphathwa ngokungekho sikweni ngenxa yobudala bakho kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi.
Iziphumo zomzimba
Ubudala bunokwenza abantu bafe bebancinci. Olunye uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba abantu abadala ababecinga ukuba abanto yanto okanye abaloncedo babenobomi obufutshane xa kuthelekiswa nabo babenombono omhle ngokukhula. Ukuziva kakubi ngeminyaka yakho nako kunokukwenza ugule rhoqo kwaye kube nzima kuwe ukuba ubengcono xa ugula.
Kukho izizathu ezimbalwa zokuba kutheni oku kusenzeka. Ukuba uziva kakubi ngawe, usenokungazikhathaleli nawe. Ungatya ukutya okungalunganga, utshaye, usele kakhulu, okanye ungawasebenzisi amayeza akho ngendlela ofanele ukwenza ngayo. Isenokwenza kube nzima ukuphindela emva xa izinto ezimbi zisenzeka kuba awunankxaso yaneleyo kwabanye.
Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokunyanga abantu abadala ngokwahlukileyo ngenxa yobudala babo, kwaye oku kunokwenza impilo yabo ibe mandundu. Basenokungafumani unyango olufanayo okanye babe yinxalenye yezifundo zokubanceda bahlale besempilweni. Ukungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle noogqirha nako kunokwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, njengokungawathathi amayeza ngendlela eyiyo.
Iziphumo zeMpilo yeNgqondo
Izimvo zobudala ezivela kusapho okanye osebenza nabo zinokukwenza uzive umbi kakhulu ngawe kwaye zikwenze ubuze ukubaluleka kwakho. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba ukuthanda ubudala kunokwenza impilo yakho yengqondo ibe mandundu kwaye kubangele nokudakumba. Umbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ucinga ukuba malunga ne-6 yezigidi zeemeko zokudakumba kwihlabathi jikelele zinokuba zibangelwa kubudala.
Xa ukholelwa izinto ezimbi malunga nokuba mdala, oko kunokwenza ingqondo yakho isebenze ngakumbi. Usenokuqalisa ukuzilibala ngakumbi izinto kuba usoyika ukufana nezo zinto zithethwa ngabantu ngokwaluphala. Olu loyiko lunokwenza ukuba wenze kakubi ngakumbi kwimisebenzi, njengokukhumbula izinto.
Iziphumo kuBomi beNtlalo
Ubudala bunokukwenza uzive uwedwa. Ukuba abantu bakuphatha kakubi ngenxa yobudala bakho, usenokukuphepha ukuchitha ixesha nabahlobo nentsapho. Usenokuyeka nokuya kwimisitho okanye kwiindawo kuba uziva usoyika okanye ungafunwa.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu bacinga ukuba abantu abadala akufuneki bathandane okanye baphume, ngoko ke bazimele. Oku kunokukwenza uzive uwedwa kwaye ulusizi.
Ukuba nesithukuthezi kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki ezininzi, njengoxinzelelo oluninzi, ukulala kakhulu, kunye nokugula rhoqo. Inokwenza imiba yempilo yengqondo ibe mandundu kwaye yenze ingqondo yakho isebenze kancinci kakuhle.
Iziphumo zemali
Ubudala bunokonakalisa imeko yakho yemali nayo. Usenokungayifumani imisebenzi okanye uqeqesho olungcono kuba abantu bakuphethe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezinye iinkampani zinokukuhlawulisa ngaphezulu ngezinto ezifana ne-inshurensi ngenxa yokuba umdala.
Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba abanye abantu becinga ukuba abantu abadala abakrelekrele ngemali, banokuzama ukukuqhatha. Ukuwa ngala maqhinga kunokubangela ukuba ulahlekelwe yimali kwaye uzive umbi kakhulu ngayo.
Indlela Yokuhlangabezana nobudala
Ukujongana nokuthanda ubudala kubandakanya ukuvuma ubunyani bokukhula. Utshintsho lwenzeka njengoko sikhula – mhlawumbi umzimba wakho awukakhawulezi njengakuqala, ukubona okanye ukuva kwakho kunokuba buthathaka, kwaye kunokuvela imibimbi. Kungokwemvelo ukuziva ungonwabanga okanye ungaqinisekanga ngolu tshintsho. Musa ukuzihoya ezo mvakalelo; kulungile ukuziva ngaloo ndlela.
Kodwa khumbula, kukho okungakumbi kuwe kunotshintsho olunxulumene nobudala. Phezu kwako nje oko kusenokuthethwa luluntu ngokwaluphala, kuninzi okulindelweyo kuwe. Uphethe ubulumko namava axabisekileyo. Ungavumeli iinkolelo ze-ageist, nokuba zivela ngaphakathi kuwe okanye kwabanye, zithintele.
Ukujongana ne-ageism, qala ngokwamkela la macebiso:
- Ukuzamkela: Lwamkele utshintsho kwaye ube nobubele kuwe.
- Impembelelo: Nikela ingqalelo kwizinto okwaziyo ukuzenza, kungekuphela nje ukusikelwa umda.
- Igalelo: Liqonde ixabiso lakho - kuninzi onokukunika.
- Cela umngeni kwii-Stereotypes: Ungavumeli iinkolelo zokukholelwa ukuba iminyaka yobudala ikubambezele.
- Inkqubo yoNkxaso: Zijikeleze ngabantu abakuxabisayo ngale ndlela uyiyo.
I-Ageism ingaba khona, kodwa ayikuchazi. Yamkela iminyaka yakho ngelixa usala ukuvumela iistereotypes zilawule ubomi bakho. Usegcwele amandla kunye nexabiso, nokuba ungakanani ubudala.
Iingxelo:
- Butler, RN (1969). "I-Age-ism: Olunye uhlobo localucalulo". I-Gerontologist. IYunivesithi yaseOxford Press.
- Iversen, TN; uLarsen, L.; I-Solem, PE (2009). “Uhlalutyo lwengqiqo yeminyaka yobudala”. Nordic Psychology. Taylor & Francis Ltd.
- Kleyman, uPawulos. (2002). "Imifanekiso Yokwaluphala." Encyclopedia of Aging. Macmillan Reference USA.
- Loretto, W.; Duncan, C.; White, PJ (2000). “Ubudala kunye nengqesho: Iimpikiswano, ukungacaci, kunye nezimvo zabantu abatsha”. Ukuguga kunye noMbutho. Cambridge University Press.
Shiya iMpendulo