Ngawaphi amanqaku ali-14 eZiphumlisi, imiqondiso kunye namanqaku esiNgesi kwaye umntu unokuwasebenzisa njani ngokufanelekileyo?
Iziphumlisi zinokongeza ugxininiso kunye nesingqisho kwizivakalisi esizibhalayo okanye esiza kuzibhala. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nomdla kuwe ukwazi ukuba uninzi lwabantu, ukusukela kwizithethi zesiNgesi ukuya kwabo bathetha kwaye babhale Ulwimi lesingesi njengolwimi lwasemzini, abasoloko beqiniseka ukuba zisetyenziswe nini kwaye phi iziphumlisi.
Ukuba uphakathi kwabo basafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziphumlisi kubhidanisa, ungakhathazeki, asinguwe wedwa. Abantu abaninzi, nabo bangamaNgesi omthonyama, basakufumana kunzima ngandlela ithile ukusebenzisa iziphumlisi ezichanekileyo xa bebhala izivakalisi.
Ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa zonke iziphumlisi kubalulekile ukuba uyafuna funda kakuhle ukubhala kwakho, nokuba yiprozi okanye inoveli ethengiswa kakhulu.
Ngawo Onke amanqaku ali-14 eziphumlisi kuLwimi lwesiNgesi?
Lilonke, kukho kuphela i-14 amanqaku eziphumlisi ngolwimi lwesiNgesi kwaye zonke zixoxiwe kweli nqaku.
Ezi mpawu zokubhala ziquka iqhagamshela, amanqaku emibuzo, amanqaku acatshulweyo, iikomasi, iiphiriyodi, i-ellipsis, iikholoni, isikhewu, izibiyeli, izikhuzo, iisemikholoni, iziqhoboshi, izibiyeli, nezibhali.
Ukuba ukwenza izinto ozibhalayo kube lula ukuzinyathela yile nto uyifunayo, okanye ufuna ukwenza amanqaku akho abonakale enobuchule ngakumbi, kubalulekile ukuba uyazi kwaye uqonde indlela yokusebenzisa ezi mpawu zokubhala.
Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukuthatha ibhotile yesiselo kwaye ufunde eli nqaku de kube sekupheleni njengoko siye saxoxa ngendlela yokwazi ezi mpawu zokubhala kunye nokuzisebenzisa.
Ngawaphi amanqaku ali-14 anemixholo?
Sinokwahlula iziphumlisi zibe ziindidi ezintlanu, njengoko senzile apha ngezantsi. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngakumbi umxholo kunye neemeko apho la manqaku anokusetyenziswa khona kunye nendlela anxulumana ngayo.
- Iimpawu zokubhala ezisetyenziswe ekupheleni kwesivakalisi: Isikhuzo, ixesha, uphawu lombuzo,
- Iikholoni, iisemikholoni, iikoma,
- iidashi kunye neqhagamshela
- Izibiyeli, izibiyeli kunye nezibiyeli
- Amanqaku okucaphula, ii-ellipses kunye ne-aphostrofi.
Udidi ngalunye lwemiqondiso engentla lunenjongo yalo kwisivakalisi okanye kwisicatshulwa. Ngelixa unokuqaphela umahluko othile phakathi kwesimbo sobhalo kwisiNgesi saseMelika nesaseBhritane, apha sigqibe ekubeni sigxile kwimizekelo eqhelekileyo endaweni yokuzama ukuyicalula ibe yiyantlukwano echuliweyo.
Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kuphawu ngalunye lwesiphumlisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwalo.
Funda kwakhona: Usibhala njani isincoko seScholarship
Uluhlu lweziphumlisi ezili-14
- Isiphumlisi (,)
- QAPHELA (-)
- Ixesha (.)
- Amanqaku okucaphula (“)
- I-ELLIPSIS (…)
- UPHAWU LWESIKHUZELO/INGONGO (!)
- Isibonisi mbuzo (?)
- Isemikholoni (;)
- ISITHUBA (-)
- Ikholoni (:)
- iirekhethi ([ ])
- Iibrashi ({})
- Izibiyeli (( ))
- I-Apostrophe (')
Ikoma (,)
Isiphumlisi sisetyenziselwa ukufakela unqumamo kwizivakalisi. Eyona njongo yokufakela unqumamo kwisivakalisi isenokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinjengokwahlula iingcamango, ukwahlula amabinzana, okanye kwanokutshintsha isakhiwo sesivakalisi.
Iikoma njengolona phawu lweziphumlisi lusetyenziswa kakuhle kwisiNgesi lunosetyenziso oluninzi olwahlukeneyo. Iikoma nazo zisenokusetyenziswa kwiidilesi ezithe ngqo, umzekelo:
- James, ndivuya ngokwenene kuba ndikwazile ukuphinda ndikubone.
Ukuba unezivakalisi ezibini ezipheleleyo ofuna ukuzahlula, ungasebenzisa isiphumlisi ukwenza oko.
- Waya ecaweni, waza waphuma waya kwamkela amalungu amatsha.
Kwakhona, usebenzisa iiCommas, ukuba ufuna ukudwelisa izinto kwisivakalisi.
- Uya kuthenga athenge ilokhwe, ihempe ezimbini, izihlangu kunye nebhulukhwe.
Ungafuna ukubuza; yintoni umahluko wekoma? Oku kukusetyenziswa kweekoma endaweni yezihlanganisi ukudibanisa amagatya amabini ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:
- Selisondele ixesha lomthandazo, andifuni kuthandaza.
- Izivakalisi akufuneki zisebenzise iikoma, kodwa endaweni yoko:
- Selisondele ixesha lomthandazo. Andifuni kuthandaza.
I-Oxford comma yenye yeempawu zobhalo ezihlala kuxoxwa ngazo kwizifundiswa nesiNgesi, kwaye ukuyisebenzisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwehla kwizinto ezikhethwa ngabantu. I Ikoma yeOxford kuxa isiphumlisi sokugqibela sibekwe kwinto yokugqibela kuluhlu. Umzekelo:
- Uthanda iziqhamo, imifuno, iikeyiki, kunye nepasta.
QAPHELA (-)
Awudingi ukubhidanisa olu phawu lweziphumlisi nodwi, iqhagamshela lisetyenziswa kumagama ambaxa xa kudityaniswa amagama amabini nangaphezulu. Apha ngezantsi sidwelise amanye amagama adityanisiweyo.
- Inyathelo nenyathelo
- Umazala
- Owayesakuba ngumfana
Funda kwakhona: Ileta yeNkuthazo kuMzekelo weSicelo soMsebenzi
IXESHA(.)
Olu phawu luthathwa njengolona phawu luthe ngqo kulwimi lwesiNgesi. Isingxi sibizwa ikakhulu ngabantu kwaye sichaza isiphelo sesivakalisi. Isivakalisi esipheleleyo sithathwa njengesipheleleyo nesibhengezayo.
Apha sikubonise imizekelo yokuyeka/yexesha ekupheleni kwesivakalisi:
- INgonyama ihlasela iigusha.
Enye imeko apho amaxesha asetyenziswayo kuxa sifuna ukwenza izifinyezo, ezinjengokubhala izihloko zabantu njalo njalo.
Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo yokuba singalusebenzisa nini uphawu lwexesha xa sisenza izishunqulelo:
- UGqr Josephine utshata uMnumzana James.
- UMnu Bassey. C. James waya e-UK emva komtshato uGqr Chiamaka kumtshato owawuzinyaswe kakuhle.
AMANQAKU AMANQAKU ECABANGA (“)
Izicaphulo zezinye zeempawu zobhalo ezisetyenziswa ukubonisa isicatshulwa, intetho, okanye amagama athethwa ngabanye.
Ngoku ka Thesaurus.com, amanqaku acatshulweyo adla ngokusetyenziswa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kweengcaphulo.
- “Andiyithandi loo nto,” watsho uMark.
- UJosephine uxelele uJames ukuba "angafuna ukutshata naye ngenye imini".
- Ayinakubhidaniswa nesimeli-lizwi, isicatshulwa esinye (' ') siqhele ukusetyenziselwa ucaphulo ngaphakathi kwesicatshulwa.
- UJosephine waxelela umama wakhe “uJames ngumfana olungileyo kwaye ubonisile ukuba ‘ukulungele ukunditshata’ ngaphambi kokuba ndibuyele ekhaya.”
I-ELLIPSIS (…)
I-ellipsis luphawu lobhalo olwenziwa ngamathuba amathathu exesha asetyenziswa kunye ukubonisa ukushiyiwa kwe igama okanye ileta.
Sihlala sisebenzisa i-ellipsis ukutsiba ukusuka kwesinye isivakalisi ukuya kwesinye ngelixa sishiya amagama angeyomfuneko. Ikwasetyenziswa naxa kubhekiswa kumntu othile naxa ushiya amagama angeyomfuneko.
Sinike imizekelo engezantsi ukukunceda ukuba uqonde ngakumbi le ndawo yobhalo.
- Xa kusezinzulwini zobusuku, uHellen uqala ukubala ezantsi: “Ishumi, isithoba, isibhozo…” kwaye ibhola iyawa.
- Xa uYakobi wayesithi “awunakuba ngulowo ungamboniyo…” wayethetha ngento yokuba kufuneka ube nomfanekiso wokuba uyaphi ebomini ngaphambi kokuba ufike apho.
UPHAWU LWESIKHUZELO/INGONGO (!)
Uphawu lwesikhuzo, inqaku okanye uphawu, nokuba yeyiphi ogqiba ukuyibiza lelinye lamanqaku onokugqiba ukuwasebenzisa ekupheleni kwesivakalisi xa isivakalisi sibonisa intetho eyomeleleyo yeemvakalelo. Amabinzana ekuthethwa ngawo anokuba yiyo nantoni na ukusuka kulonwabo, uvuyo, nantoni na eyenye, ukuzonda okanye umsindo.
Izikhuzo zezinye zeempawu zobhalo ezisetyenziselwa ukugxininisa izivakalisi.
Ngoku ka YourDictionary.com, izikhuzo zisenokwenza ukuba isivakalisi sikabani sivakale rhabaxa ngakumbi kunokuba besicinga.
Ngezantsi yimixholo apho sinokusebenzisa uphawu lwesikhuzo:
- “Jonga umva wakho!” uyakhala.
- Ndiyavuya ukuya kwiMyuziyam ngomso!
ISIBONISI MBUZO (?)
Uphawu lombuzo nalo luqukumbela isivakalisi, kodwa luqukumbela isivakalisi ngombuzo othe ngqo. Ngokufuthi, izivakalisi zemibuzo ziqala ngokuthi phi, ngubani, ngoba, yintoni, njani, nini okanye nini
Apha ngezantsi sixoxe ngezinye zeendawo zokusetyenziswa kwamanqaku emibuzo kwisivakalisi.
• Uyafuna ukutya isonka?
• Kutheni ukhetha ukutya irayisi endaweni yeembotyi?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ifundwa ngokuvakalayo, amanqaku emibuzo akwabonisa utshintsho lwethoni kwisivakalisi, ngoko yilumkele oku.
ISEMICOLON (;)
Ngokufana neekholoni, iisemikholoni zidibanisa amagatya amabini ahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, amagatya asondelelene ngakumbi kunokuba xa kusetyenziswa ikholoni. Umzekelo:
Ndinodliwano-ndlebe lomsebenzi ngomso kusasa; Andizukwazi ukuya epatini ngobu busuku.
Omabini amagatya asetyenziswe kwesi sivakalisi singasentla azimele ngokwaneleyo ukuba abe zizivakalisi zawo, kodwa endaweni yexesha, i-semicolon ingasetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba amagatya amabini awahlukanga kangako kodwa aqhagamshelwe elinye kwelinye kwisivakalisi.
Enye imeko engaxhaphakanga kakhulu apho kusetyenziswa iisemikholoni ikuluhlu ebekufanele ukuba lusebenzise iikoma. Jonga apha:
- Saya eLondon, eNgilani; eBerlin, eJamani; eLagos, eNigeria; naseAthene, eGrisi.
ISITHUBA (-)
Zimbini iindidi zeempawu zobhalo ezinjengodwi, ezishiyanayo ngobungakanani nenjongo.
En Isikhewu: Ngokuqhelekileyo mfutshane ngobude, iidashi zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa uluhlu, oluphakathi kwamanani okanye imihla. Umzekelo:
- Inkampani eyasekwa nguMnu. James kunye noGqr. Josephine inkosikazi yakhe yasebenza ukusuka ngo-2025-20125.
- Usisi wam uthathe uloliwe wase Kano-Abuja phezolo.
Em dash: Esi sikhewu side kancinane kune-En dash kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa endaweni yezinye iimpawu zobhalo, ezifana neziphumlisi, iikholoni, okanye izibiyeli. Nanku umzekelo:
- Impendulo yakhe kumbuzo owawubuzwa ngutitshala yayicacile– Hayi!
IKOLONI (:)
Kukho iziganeko ezintathu eziphambili apho iikholoni zisetyenziswa. Omnye wemixholo kuxa sifuna ukwazisa into ethile, njengengcaciso, isicatshulwa, umzekelo, okanye uthotho.
- Udadewethu uthathe ukhetho olune kwisemester yokugqibela: Intengiso, inkqubo yeKhompyutha, iSondlo kunye nezibalo zeKhompyutha.
Ikholoni isenokusetyenziswa ukudibanisa amagatya amabini ahlukeneyo ukuba igatya lesibini licacisa okanye ligqibezela elokuqala. Umzekelo:
- Abanaxesha lokuchitha: ixesha liphelile.
- Okokugqibela, iikholoni zinokubonisa umxholo wesivakalisi:
- Ndimthiyile utitshala omnye kwesi sikolo: uTitshala weZibalo.
IZIBAKASHI([ ])
Izibiyeli zezinye zeempawu zobhalo kwisiNgesi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukucacisa izinto, kumagama obugcisa okanye ukucacisa izinto. Isenokusetyenziswa ukucacisa umbandela xa ucaphula omnye umntu okanye isicatshulwa. Umzekelo:
- Yena [Mnu. UJames] wavuma ukuthabatha inkwenkwe ukuze abe ngowakhe.
- UJosephine uthi “[Ihlobo] lelona xesha ndilithandayo lonyaka.”
IZIBAMBI ({})
Ngaphandle kokuba ubhala izibalo okanye isicatshulwa sobugcisa, akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba kufuneka usebenzise iibrayisi ezigobileyo rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, kusalungile ukwazi oku ukuze ungazisebenzisi ngempazamo apho kufuneka usebenzise izibiyeli. Sisebenzisa iiBraces ubukhulu becala xa sibhala umsebenzi:
- 7{8x+[63+9]}=xy
IMIBAMBA (( ))
Izibiyeli zisetyenziselwa ukunika iinkcukacha ezithe chatha okanye ulwazi okanye njengengxelo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ii-Parentheses zinokutshintshwa kufakwe iziphumlisi, kwaye isivakalisi siya kugcina intsingiselo yaso efanayo. Nanku umzekelo:
• UJosephine (umfazi kaJames) uthanda ukutya Isonka.
UAPOSTROPHE (')
Isimeli-lizwi sisetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba unobumba omnye okanye ngaphezulu abashiyiweyo, kwakhona ukubonisa isimnini okanye isifinyezo. I-aphostrophe inokusetyenziselwa ukwenza uninzi lonobumba abancinci.
Apha ngezantsi sibonise eminye yemizekelo apho ii-aphostrofi zinokusetyenziswa khona. Ngoku ka Thesaurus.com, amagama ayilwe kwizivakalisi ngokususa oonobumba abathile abizwa ngokuba sisishunqulelo.
- Besiphila ngokutya oku-2 ngosuku kwiveki ephelileyo, kwaye bekunzima.
- Konke okuseleyo UJane noMaria ukwenza kukutshata njengoko baye bafumanisa ukuba babemiselwe omnye komnye.
isiphelo
Ekubeni ngoku sikuncedile ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba ngawaphi amanqaku alishumi elinesine eziphumlisi kunye nendlela onokuwasebenzisa ngayo ngempumelelo xa ubhala izivakalisi zakho, oko kuya kukunceda ukuba ubhale ngokufanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo xa uzama ukubhala.
Shiya iMpendulo