Ukwenziwa kwemuvi kukhokelwa ngumvelisi wefilimu ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Banyamekela ukucwangcisa, ukulungelelanisa, ukukhetha abadlali, ukwalathisa, ukuhlela, ukuphatha imali, ukukhuthaza nokusasaza ifilimu.
Abavelisi befilimu balawula yonke inkqubo yokwenza imuvi, nokuba bayinxalenye yenkampani yemveliso okanye basebenza ngokwabo. Abavelisi baseHollywood banokubandakanyeka kwiprojekthi ukusuka ekuqalisweni kwayo ukuya ekufumaneni amabhaso kwiiOscars. Kule post, siya kuchaza indima yomvelisi kwimveliso yefilimu, sithethe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabavelisi befilimu, unikeze iingcebiso malunga nokuba mnye, kwaye ugxininise abavelisi abambalwa abaziwayo.
Indima yabaVelisi kuShishino lweFilimu
Igama elithi "umvelisi" linokuvakala njengesikhundla sobunkokeli, kodwa iindima ezahlukeneyo phakathi kolu didi, njengomvelisi olawulayo, umvelisi odibeneyo, kunye nomvelisi odibeneyo, banokubhida abo bangaqhelananga neshishini lefilimu. Oku kubhideka kudla ngokukhokelela kwiingcamango eziphosakeleyo malunga nokuba ngabavelisi benza ntoni ngokwenene.
Abavelisi bafana nabasombululi beengxaki ababandakanyekayo ekongameleni ukuveliswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomxholo, kubandakanya iimuvi, iinkqubo zeTV, uthotho lwe-intanethi, okanye iintengiso. Ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwizigqibo zokuyila, abayonxalenye yeqela lokuqala lokuyila okanye ifilimu. Endaweni yoko, indima yabo kukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko, ulungiselelo, kunye neziseko zophuhliso zikhona kuye wonke umntu obandakanyekayo. Badlala indima ephambili kuphuhliso lweengcamango, ukubhalwa kwescript, inkxaso-mali, ukufumana italente, uthethathethwano lwekhontrakthi, kunye nokucwangcisa.
Ngaphandle kwesandi esigunyazisiweyo sesihloko esithi “umvelisi olawulayo,” imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla isenokungabi ntle njengaleyo yabalawuli okanye abadlali abadumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphakathi kwishishini, abavelisi bahlonitshwa kakhulu njengoko bengumqolo wefilimu. Bajika iingcamango eziphazamisayo zibe yimveliso ecwangciseke kakuhle, esebenzayo, kunye nekhazimlisiwe, esebenza njengebhulorho phakathi kwemibono yobugcisa kunye nokwenziwa okusebenzayo. Nangona besenokungasoloko bekwindawo ebalaseleyo, igalelo labo libalulekile kwimpumelelo yayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yefilimu.
Yintoni eyenziwa nguMvelisi wefilimu ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeni kohambo lokwenza ifilimu
Abavelisi befilimu badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwefilimu, bezisa umbono, ubunkokeli kunye nolawulo kwiprojekthi. Uxanduva lwabo luthatha izigaba ezahlukeneyo, ngalinye lifuna izakhono ezizodwa.
Isigaba soPhuhliso:
Ngexesha lesigaba sophuhliso, abavelisi babandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Bahlakulela kwaye bagcine unxibelelwano olubalulekileyo lweshishini, baphathe izixhobo zomthombo, bahlanganise iqela loyilo kunye nomlawuli, inkxaso-mali ekhuselekileyo, kwaye batshintshe iprojekthi ukusuka kumbono nje ukuya kwifilimu ebonakalayo okanye umboniso.
Umvelisi onobuchule uthatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ngeli nqanaba, equlunqa izikripthi, ukufumana amalungelo, ukwenza amaqela, ukulawula imali, kunye nokubeka iliso kwinkqubo iyonke. Indima yomvelisi ibandakanya ukulamla phakathi kwamasebe ahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uhlala elungelelene njengoko iprojekthi iqhubeka.
Inqanaba lokuveliswa kwangaphambili:
Njengoko iprojekthi iqhubela phambili kwimveliso, ugxininiso lomvelisi lutshintshela ekubhaliseni iqela loyilo, ukuqhuba ukuphosa okuphambili, ukudala ipakethe yokubeka, kunye nokucwangcisa ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso.
Esi sigaba sifuna ukwandisa iqela loyilo ukubandakanya abenzi bemiboniso bhanyabhanya, abayili, oopopayi, kunye neemvumi. Umvelisi wongamela iingxoxo zekhontrakthi kwaye ahlanganise iphakheji yokutsala abatyali-mali. Ulungelelwaniso olusebenzayo ngexesha laphambi kokuveliswa lubalulekile ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi kumanqanaba okugqibela.
Isigaba seMveliso:
Kwinqanaba lokuvelisa, umvelisi wefilimu ulawula imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, uxhasa umlawuli kunye neqela lokudala, ujongene nezigqibo zoshishino kunye nezezimali, kwaye ugunyaze ukuguqulwa kokusombulula imiba.
Nangona ishedyuli elungiselelwe kakuhle kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ubukho bomvelisi buyimfuneko kwisikhokelo kunye nokwenza izigqibo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa. Bajonga ishishini, imali, kunye nemicimbi yolungiselelo ngelixa beququzelela imiba yokuyila yeprojekthi.
Isigaba sasemva kwemveliso:
Ngexesha lokuvelisa emva kokuveliswa, abavelisi basebenzisana nomlawuli kunye neqela le-post-production, ukubeka iliso ukuhlela, iziphumo ezibonakalayo, kunye nokudalwa komsindo. Basenokufuna inkxaso-mali eyongezelelweyo ukuba iyafuneka kwaye baphathe imizamo yokuthengisa kunye nopapasho. Esi sigaba sibandakanya ukulungiselela ifilimu ukuba ikhululwe, kubandakanywa nokuququzelela ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kunye nokunyuswa kweendaba.
Inqanaba lokukhutshwa:
Nasemva kokuba ifilimu igqityiwe, indima yomvelisi iyaqhubeka. Batshintsha ingqwalasela yabo ekuthengiseni ifilimu egqityiweyo, ukucwangcisa ukubonakala kwabadlali kunye namangenelo omthendeleko, ukulungelelanisa ukuhanjiswa kwelizwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele, kunye nokuyila ikhalenda yokukhupha. Umvelisi wefilimu uqinisekisa ukuba abachaphazelekayo babona imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali lwabo kwaye bathatha inxaxheba ngokunyanisekileyo ekuthengiseni nasekukhuthazeni imveliso yokugqibela.
Funda kwakhona: Indlela Yokuba Ngumvelisi Womculo Ngaphandle Kwesikolo
Abavelisi abohlukeneyo kuShishino loLonwabo
Kwilizwe lolonwabo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabavelisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuziseni iifilimu zakho ozithandayo kunye neenkqubo zikamabonwakude ebomini.
Xa uphonononga iikhredithi zefilimu okanye ujonge ipowusta bhanyabhanya, uya kubona amagama amaninzi adweliswe njengabavelisi. Ingaba yifilimu enkulu yaseHollywood okanye a Umdlalo weTV eNew York, kukho iindidi ngeendidi zabavelisi ababandakanyekayo.
Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kwezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zabavelisi kunye noxanduva olukhethekileyo abanalo.
1. UMvelisi oLawulayo
Umvelisi olawulayo ufana nenkokeli ephambili okanye isikhokelo sabanye abavelisi abaphethe iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo, njengemiboniso yeTV, iifilimu ezincinci ezizimeleyo, or Iimveliso ezinkulu zestudio. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iprojekthi iqukunjelwa ngexesha, kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olucwangcisiweyo, kwaye ihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile.
Umsebenzi womvelisi olawulayo ubandakanya imisebenzi efana nokufumana amalungelo eprojekthi, ukunyusa imali kuyo, okanye ukubonelela ngenkxaso yemali ngokuthe ngqo. Kwiimveliso ezincinci zefilimu, abavelisi abaphezulu banokuthatha iindima ezahlukeneyo, njengokuba ngumdali, umbhali, okanye umnini wemathiriyeli yokuqala. Ngelixa banokuphembelela izigqibo ezibalulekileyo zokuyila, ukubandakanyeka kwabo kuhlala kunabela ekongameleni iimveliso ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Nasi isishwankathelo somsebenzi womvelisi olawulayo:
- Khokela kwaye ujonge abanye abavelisi.
- Ukulungelelanisa umbono kunye neenjongo zeprojekthi.
- Lawula ukufunwa kwetalente.
- Gcina iliso kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, amaxesha, kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho.
2. Umvelisi wemigca
UMvelisi wemigca udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni iimuvi okanye imiboniso. Khawufane ucinge umgca wokuhlula ohlula abaphathi abakhulu abenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kubantu abasebenzayo abaphatha imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. UMvelisi womgca isebenza kwicala elibonakalayo, ithatha ulawulo lwezinto ezifana nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokubeka iliso elibukhali kwinkcitho.
Kwiimveliso ezincinci, uMvelisi woMsebenzi unokwenza imisebenzi efanayo njengoMvelisi Jikelele. Kodwa kwiiseto ezinkulu, kuhlala kukho omnye umntu obizwa ngokuba nguMphathi weMveliso yeYunithi (UPM) ojongana nazo zonke izinto ezisebenzayo. Umahluko ophambili kukuba ngelixa uMvelisi woMda unokuba nezwi ekukhethweni kokudala, i-UPM igxininise ngokungqongqo kwi-logistics, ilandela imiyalelo yoMvelisi womgca.
Nasi isishwankathelo esikhawulezayo sento eyenziwa nguMvelisi womgca:
- Unceda i-EP (uMvelisi oLawulayo)
- Ulawula i-UPM kunye neendawo ezisebenzayo zemveliso
- Uyalukhathalela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye namaxesha
- Isebenza kunye ne-EP ukufumana kunye nokuqesha abantu abanetalente.
3. UMvelisi oLawulayo
UMvelisi oLawulayo, owaziwa ngokuba ngumvelisi wophuhliso, ungoyena mntu ubalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iprojekthi iba yinyani. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili kukujonga indlela iprojekthi efumana ngayo ubuchule obungakumbi, ukuqala kwingcinga esisiseko kwaye iyiguqule ibe sisikripthi esibhaliweyo esingasetyenziselwa ukufotwa. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni iskripthi ukuze sisenze sisebenze ekudubuleni.
Nangona umvelisi olawulayo enokusingatha eminye yale misebenzi, umvelisi owongameleyo udla ngokunceda umvelisi olawulayo. Olu ncedo lunokubandakanya ukukhokela uphuhliso loyilo lweskripthi okanye ukubeka iliso kwabanye abavelisi abasebenza kwiprojekthi.
Nantsi into ebandakanya umsebenzi:
- Nceda iprojekthi isuke kwingcamango yokuqala iye kwisikripthi esibhaliweyo.
- Jonga kwaye ukhokele inkqubo yokuyila.
- Xhasa umvelisi olawulayo.
- Ukulawula nokukhokela abanye abavelisi ababandakanyekayo kwiprojekthi.
4. Umvelisi
Umvelisi ngumntu olawula ukwenza izinto ezifana neemuvi okanye iinkqubo zeTV. Benza imisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Oku kuquka ukufumana abantu abawulungeleyo umsebenzi, ukusebenza namaqela anobuchule, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zenziwa ngexesha, ukuthetha nabantu ababalulekileyo, nokunyamekela imali.
Kumabonakude, umvelisi unokuba nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Basenokuba ngumbhali okanye umbhali ophambili, obizwa ngokuba ngumvelisi olawulayo. Abanye abantu bathi abavelisi bakamabonwakude “ngabagijimi” ngenxa yokuba benza izinto ezininzi, njengokwalathisa, ukuvelisa nokubhala.
Nalu uluhlu lwezinto ezenziwa ngumvelisi weTV:
- Ukucinga ngeengcamango, ukubhala izikripthi, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ilungile
- Ukufumana imali kunye nokulawula uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali
- Ukukhangela abantu abanetalente kwaye ukhethe ukuba ngubani oza kudlala kumboniso
- Ukukhokela nokuxelela amalungu abasebenzi kunye nabanye abavelisi ukuba benze ntoni.
Funda kwakhona: Yintoni iSebe lobuGcisa kwaye lenza ntoni?
5. UMvelisi-ntsebenziswano
Umlimi oncedisana naye ngumntu osebenza nomnye umvelisi okanye iqela labavelisi. Bancedisa ukwabelana ngoxanduva lomvelisi olawulayo (EP). Igama elithi "umvelisi-mveliso" linokubhekisa kumntu odlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ngemali okanye ekwenzeni iprojekthi yenzeke.
Ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo nabanye abavelisi, abavelisi abancedisayo bakhokela iprojekthi ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni kwemveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo babekwe "ngaphezulu komgca," oku kuthetha ukuba abayiphathi ngokuthe ngqo imisebenzi yezandla kwimveliso (njengoko umvelisi welayini esenza), ngelixa iqela lefilimu linyamekela imisebenzi "ngaphantsi komgca."
Umsebenzi womdidiyeli wemveliso ubandakanya:
- Ukuxhasa umvelisi olawulayo.
- Ukongamela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi.
- Ukongamela imisebenzi yemveliso okanye ukusebenza ngokusondeleyo nabanye abavelisi.
- Ukwenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kwiprojekthi, nokuba kungenkxaso-mali, intsebenziswano, izixhobo, iinkonzo, okanye ezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo.
6. UMvelisi woLungelelaniso
UMvelisi oQuquzelelayo ufana nomphathi wabaphathi. Baqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi abohlukeneyo, umntu ngamnye osebenza kwindawo yakhe yomboniso bhanyabhanya, bonke basebenza kunye ngokutyibilikayo. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wabo bengumbhexeshi weokhestra, beqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu udlala imvisiswano. Umsebenzi wabo oyintloko kukugcina wonke umntu egxile kwinjongo efanayo kwaye aqhubele phambili kunye.
Nantsi into eyenziwa nguMvelisi woLungelelaniso:
- Uqinisekisa ukuba bonke abavelisi basebenza kunye.
- Unceda kwaye uxhasa bonke abavelisi okanye amaqela asebenza kwiprojekthi.
- Ijongile indlela inkqubo yemveliso ehamba ngayo.
- Uqinisekisa ukuba yonke into idibana kakuhle ekugqibeleni kwimveliso.
7. UMvelisi oDityanisiweyo
UMvelisi oDityanisiweyo, okanye i-AP ngokufutshane, ufana nomncedisi kumvelisi oyintloko, rhoqo umvelisi olawulayo. Benza umsebenzi omninzi obalulekileyo emva kwemiboniso kwinkqubo yokuvelisa. Igama elithi "ngaphantsi komgca" lithetha ukuba babandakanyeka ngokwenene kwiindawo eziphathekayo zokwenza umboniso okanye imuvi. Oku kubandakanya izinto ezifana nokukhathalela abasebenzi, ukufumana iindawo ezilungileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiseti zakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokunceda ngeskripthi.
Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu ufumana isihloko somvelisi onxulumene naye kuba benze igalelo elikhulu kwiprojekthi. Umsebenzi ochanekileyo we-AP unokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisivumelwano kunye neprojekthi ngokwayo.
Nantsi isishwankathelo esikhawulezayo sento enokwenziwa nguMvelisi oDityanisiweyo:
- Fumana izandla malunga nemisebenzi yemveliso ebonakalayo.
- Kumabonakude, nceda ekukhetheni izithonga, ukulungisa iskripthi, kunye nokubumba umxholo.
- Faka igalelo kwimveliso jikelele.
- Yenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka.
8. UmVelisi weeNgcebiso
UmVelisi oCebisayo ngumntu oncedisayo ngokwenza iinkqubo zikamabonakude. Basebenzisa ulwazi namava abo ukunika iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo nenkxaso. Lo mntu usenokuba wasebenza njengomvelisi okanye isigqeba ngaphambili, kwaye ngoku bancedisa abavelisi beTV kunye nababhali ngamava abo.
UmVelisi oCebisayo wenza umsebenzi ofana nombhali onobuchule. Banokucebisa utshintsho kwiskripthi okanye banike izimvo malunga nokuba umninimzi makathini ngexesha leTV ephilayo. Bakwaqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ekwiprojekthi ikumgangatho olungileyo kwaye ihlala injalo kuyo yonke loo nto.
Nantsi into eyenziwa nguMvelisi oQeqeshayo:
- Yabelana ngeengcebiso kunye noncedo ngokusekelwe kwinto abayenzileyo ngaphambili.
- Nika iingcamango kunye noncedo ngokubhala izikripthi zokudubula.
- Xhasa inkqubo yokwenza umboniso kamabonakude.
- Qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yeTV igcina imvakalelo yayo ekhethekileyo kunye nesimbo.
9. Umvelisi weCandelo
Umvelisi wecandelo ngumntu osebenza kumabonakude, rhoqo kwiinkqubo ezifana nemiboniso yokwenyani, iinkqubo zentetho, okanye usasazo lwasebusuku olunamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Banenkathalo yokuqinisekisa ukuba elinye okanye amacandelo athile athile omboniso enziwe kakuhle.
Nantsi into abayenzayo:
- Bajongana nokwenza iindawo ezithile zomboniso omkhulu.
- Basebenza kunye nabanye abavelisi okanye babakhokele ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Baqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ulungile kwaye zonke iinxalenye zomboniso ziyahambelana.
- Baqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomboniso ziyadibana kakuhle.
10. Umvelisi weNdawo
Umvelisi wentsimi ngumntu osebenza kude nestudiyo okanye indawo yokufota yangaphakathi, enyamekela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwindawo. Baphatha ukuveliswa kwemiboniso bhanyabhanya okanye iindawo ezithile zemiboniso yeTV, beqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle. Umvelisi wentsimi usebenza ngokusondeleyo nomvelisi olawulayo ngelixa ekwisiza kwaye unoxanduva lokongamela imiba eyahlukeneyo yenkqubo yemveliso ngaphandle.
Umsebenzi ubandakanya ukulawula imisebenzi enxulumene nokufowuna kwendawo, ukwalathisa amacandelo adutyulwe ngaphandle kwendawo eqhelekileyo yestudio, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso kwintsimi ugqwesileyo. Ngamagama alula, umvelisi wentsimi udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iifilimu ezifotwe ngaphandle okanye kwiindawo ezithile ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu. Bafana neenkokheli ezisemhlabeni zemveliso, ziqinisekisa ukuba yonke into yenzeka njengoko kufanelekile kwiimuvi kunye neenkqubo zeTV.
Shiya iMpendulo