Yeyiphi iMizekelo yoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala kwiMedia? Kwixesha langoku elichazwe kukusasazwa kweendaba ezintsha, apho abagcini-masango bemveli bolwazi benqongophele, ukubaluleka kolwazi lokufunda kumajelo eendaba kuye kwanda kakhulu. Kunyanzelekile ngoku kubantu ukusuka kubafundi ukuya kwiipundits kunye neentatheli ukuba babe nesi buchule.
Ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba bubandakanya ubuchule obahlukeneyo, obufana nokuba nako ukwahlula imithombo yolwazi kwabangaqeqeshwanga, ukuhlalutya izinto ezikhuthazayo zababhali, kunye nokuqaphela ubuxoki obunengqiqo obusetyenziswa ngamaziko eendaba ukwakha iingxoxo ezinokuphononongwa.
Ukwandisa ulwazi lomntu kumajelo eendaba, siye saqulunqa uluhlu lwemizekelo eyi-15 ebonakalayo ebonisa indlela esebenza ngayo, echazwe ngezantsi apha.
Yintoni iMedia Literacy?
Ubuchule bokufunda kumajelo eendaba yisethi yezakhono ezininzi ezixhobisa abantu ukuba bazibandakanye, bavavanye, balawule, bade bavelise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomxholo wemidiya. Embindini wayo, ulwazi losasazo lokufunda nokubhala lukhuthaza ukucinga okunzulu kunye nokuqonda xa udibana nolwazi kumajelo eendaba. Igama elithi "imidiya" libandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela, ezinje nge-intanethi, iifilimu, umculo, unomathotholo, umabonwakude, imidlalo yevidiyo, kunye noshicilelo olushicilelweyo.
Ukuze athathwe njengonolwazi kumajelo eendaba, umntu kufuneka abe nobuchule bokucacisa imiyalezo yemidiya, nto leyo ebandakanya ukuqonda kokubini umxholo kunye nendlela egqithiswa ngayo. Ngaphaya koko, ulwazi losasazo lokufunda nokubhala lubandakanya ukuvavanya indlela le miyalezo echaphazela ngayo iimvakalelo zomntu, iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha. Kwixesha ledijithali elikhula ngokukhawuleza, kukwabalulekile ukusebenzisana namajelo eendaba ngendlela ekrelekrele nenoxanduva, ebandakanya ukuveliswa kunye nokusasazwa komxholo wemidiya.
Ngaphaya kwezi zakhono zisisiseko, abantu banokuzuza kakhulu ekwaziseni ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba. Le nkalo iphucukileyo yolwazi lokufunda kumajelo eendaba ayibandakanyi nje ukuqonda indlela amajelo eendaba enziwa kwaye asasazwe ngayo kodwa kunye nokujonga indawo enkulu yolwazi olukhoyo kumaqonga ohlukeneyo. Ulwazi lolwazi kumajelo eendaba luxhobisa abantu ngezixhobo zokuvavanya ukuthembeka, ukukhetha icala kunye nokuchaneka kwemithombo, okubenza bakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezizizo kunye nezigwebo kwixesha eliphawulwa kukukhukula kolwazi.
Ngokubanzi, ukufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba sisakhono esinamacala amaninzi esixhobisa abantu ukuba bajonge kwihlabathi elintsonkothileyo leendaba, baphonononge ngokunzulu imiyalezo abadibana nayo, kwaye bazibandakanye ngokufanelekileyo namajelo eendaba kwixesha ledijithali. Ulwazi lolwazi kumajelo eendaba lubeka ezi zakhono kwinqanaba elilandelayo, nto leyo eyenza abantu babe ngabasebenzisi ababonayo nabavelisi bolwazi kuluntu olutyebileyo ngolwazi.
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Yintoni iMedia kunye noLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala (MIL):
ULwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala kwiiMedia kunye noLwazi (MIL) yindlela ebanzi ejolise ekuxhobiseni abantu ngezakhono zokuhlalutya kunye nokuvavanya ulwazi kunye namajelo eendaba abadibana nawo. Ngokwenkcazelo ye-UNESCO yemithombo yeendaba kunye nolwazi lokufunda nokubhala, eyona njongo yayo iphambili kukuxhobisa abantu ukuba babe ngabathathi-nxaxheba abakhutheleyo kwiindawo abahlala kuzo kwaye benze izigwebo ezisesikweni. Xa kujongwe ubunzima bemeko yeendaba zanamhlanje, ukuba nemithombo yeendaba kunye nobuchule bolwazi kuye kwabaluleka kakhulu. Nokuba ibona ukuthembeka kwemithombo yeendaba okanye iphonononga ubunyani bomxholo, i-MIL ikhuthaza ukucinga okunzulu xa kusenziwa isigqibo sokuba ngubani kwaye yintoni emayithembe.
Qhubeka ufunda njengoko ufumana eyona mizekelo ibalaseleyo yolwazi lokufunda kwimidiya.
15 iMizekelo yoLwazi lokuFunda nokuBhala kumajelo eendaba
Nantsi imizekelo engama-25 ebonisa indlela onokuvavanya ngayo ukuthembeka komthombo weendaba:
1. UVavanyo loMthombo woNcedo oluSekwe kuBaliseko lweXesha
- Xa ujongana nolwazi oluthatha ixesha, beka phambili eyona mithombo yangoku ekhoyo.
- Kwiimeko zemfundo, iiidyunivesithi zidla ngokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba babhale imibhalo epapashwe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
- Kwimithombo yolwazi emidala, qwalasela ireferensi enqamlezayo ngemathiriyeli emitsha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwazi luhlala luchanekile.
- Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ezinye izihloko ezihlala ziluhlaza, ngelixa zindala, zisenakho ukubamba ukubaluleka kwazo.
- Hlala ukhumbula ukuba ukuhlaziyeka komthombo kuphela akuqinisekisi ukuchaneka kwawo.
2. Ukuphonononga iMithombo yeSeminal (Ukufaneleka)
Omnye weyona mizekelo ibalulekileyo yokufunda kumajelo eendaba kukuphonononga imithombo yolwazi. Ngelixa eminye imithombo inokuba mdala ngokuhamba kwexesha, isenokuthi ibambe ixabiso elibalulekileyo. Cinga, umzekelo, ukuphonononga kwizicatshulwa ezisisiseko ezifana nezo zibhalwe zizithandi zobulumko okanye izibhalo zonqulo njengeBhayibhile; ezi classics zinokuhlala zifanelekile.
Kwelinye icala, imithombo yangoku inokubonelela ngeembono zangoku kunye nohlalutyo lwenkcubeko oluguquguqukayo kwezi zixhobo zeseminal.
3. Ukuqonda imihla yoHlaziyo lweMali (entsha)
Xa uvavanya uhlobo lwemali yombhalo, kubalulekile ukuba ungaqwalaseli umhla woqobo wokupapashwa kwawo kuphela kodwa nokuba ubusandul' uhlaziyo. Kwanokuba umbhalo othile mdala, ukuba usandul’ ukuhlaziywa, usenokunikela ngeyona nkcazelo isexesheni, kuquka izibakala zamva nje nohlalutyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkangeleko yolwazi ehlala iguquka, apho ukuchaneka kunye nokufika ngexesha kubaluleke kakhulu.
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4. Ukuchonga abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo kuVavanyo lokufaneleka
Xa uvavanya ukufaneleka komthombo wophando lwakho okanye iimfuno zolwazi, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kubo baloo mthombo. Ngelixa umthombo unokugubungela isihloko somdla wakho, sinokulungiselelwa abantu abathile, njengabantwana okanye i-niche subset yabemi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ulwazi olunikeziweyo lusenokungasebenzi ngokuthe ngqo kuphando okanye iinjongo zakho.
5. Ukuqonda ukufaneleka komxholo
Umxholo ubalulekile xa kuvavanywa ukufaneleka kolwazi. Into esenokubonakala ifanelekile ekuqaleni inokulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza ukubaluleka kwayo xa ijongwa kumxholo womfanekiso omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, khawuqwalasele amanani oqhawulo-mtshato; Isenokubonakala ibalulekile de ufumanise ukuba iphathelele kuqhawulo-mtshato e-Indonesia, ngelixa uhlala eBrazil. Lo mahluko ucacileyo kumxholo wejografi unokwenza ubalo lungabinamsebenzi kwiimeko zakho ezithile.
Ngoko ke, kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa umxholo apho ulwazi lunikwa khona. Oku akusebenzi kwizibalo kuphela kodwa nakwizicatshulwa kunye neembekiselo. Iingcaphuno, ngakumbi, zinokulahlekisa ukuba zikhutshwe kumxholo wazo wokuqala. Ukuqinisekisa ukuqondwa ngokubanzi kombandela, kubalulekile ukunika umxholo xa ucaphula, ukuthintela ukutolika ngendlela engeyiyo okanye ukugqwethwa ngokungeyonjongo komyalezo ojoliswe kuwo. Ngokwenza oko, sikhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi oluchanekileyo nolunentsingiselo.
6. Iindidi zoVavanyo lweMthombo – iPrayimari vs. Isekondari (Ukufaneleka)
Ukumisela uhlobo lomthombo, nokuba ngowokuqala okanye wesibini, kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni igunya nokuthembeka kwawo. Ngokubanzi, imithombo ephambili iphethe igunya elikhulu xa kuthelekiswa nemithombo yesibini. Isizathu esisemva koku silele ekusondeleni kwabo kulwazi lokuqala okanye isiganeko. Njengoko sisiya kude nomthombo oyintloko, ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kolwazi kudla ngokuncipha.
Imithombo ephambili inxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo kumbandela abawuxoxayo. Zizizixhobo zophando okanye ubuntatheli, njengamaxwebhu oqobo, iingxelo zabantu abazibonela ngawabo amehlo, neengxelo zamangqina okuzibonela. Le mithombo inikezela ngembono engahluzwanga, yokuzibonela ngawakho umcimbi okanye ngesihloko, ibenza babe negunya eliphezulu.
Kwelinye icala, imithombo yesibini kukutolika okanye uhlalutyo lwemithombo ephambili. Oku kunokubandakanya amanqaku, iincwadi, okanye iingxelo ezishwankathela, zihlalutye, okanye zinike umxholo kulwazi oluphambili. Ngelixa imithombo yesibini inokubaluleka ekuqondeni izihloko ezintsonkothileyo, ngokwendalo ziyinyathelo elinye elisuswe kwidatha ephambili, enokunciphisa igunya labo kunye nokuthembeka.
7. Ukujonga iiMqinisekiso zoMbhali (iGunyaziwe)
Ukuphonononga iziqinisekiso zombhali ngomnye weyona mizekelo ibalulekileyo yolwazi lokufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba kunye nomnye umba obalulekileyo wovavanyo lomthombo, ngakumbi ekumiseleni igunya lomthombo. Iziqinisekiso zombhali kunye nemvelaphi yobungcali inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuthembeka kolwazi olunikiweyo. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili:
- Iintatheli: Abacholacholi beendaba, ingakumbi abo baqeshwe yimibutho yeendaba ebekekileyo, kulindeleke ukuba babambelele kwimigaqo engqongqo nemigangatho yobuntatheli. Le migangatho ibandakanya ukujonga ubunyani, ukunika ingxelo engakhethi cala, kunye nokungafihli ekufumaneni izibonelelo. Intatheli enerekhodi yokuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka kunokwenzeka ukuba ivelise umxholo ogunyazisiweyo.
- Izifundo: Ababhali bezemfundo baqeqeshelwe ukubambelela kwimigangatho yophando olungqongqo kunye neendlela. Kulindeleke ukuba banike ulwazi oluphandwe kakuhle, olusekelwe kubungqina kumsebenzi wabo. Iziqinisekiso, ezifana nezidanga zemfundo, ubudlelwane namaziko ahlonitshwayo, kunye nembali yopapasho oluphononongwe ngoontanga, kwandisa igunya labo njengababhali.
- Amava obuqu: Ababhali abanamava okuzibonela okanye ukubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kwisifundo banokubonwa njengabagunyazisiweyo. Ukubandakanyeka kwabo buqu kunokubonelela ngeembono ezizodwa kunye nobuchule okongeza ubunzulu kunye nokuthembeka kumsebenzi wabo.
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8. Ukuvavanya ubuGcisa obuGunyaziweyo (iGunyaziwe)
- Xa kuqwalaselwa ukuthembeka kombhali, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba banazo na iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo kwindawo abaxoxa ngayo, njengoko oku kunokonyusa ukuthembeka kwabo.
- Umntu ngokwenene unokuba yingcali, kodwa ubuchule babo kufuneka buhambelane nombandela. Umzekelo, ukuba ne-PhD kwiMfundo ayifanelekanga ukuba umntu abhale ngokugunyazisiweyo kwizihloko zekhemistri.
- Ngelixa izibheno kwabasemagunyeni ngamanye amaxesha zinokuxhasa ulwazi olungeyonyani (ekubhekiselwa kulo njengesibheno kubuxoki begunya), kubalulekile ukugcina imbono egxekayo, naxa usebenza nababhali abaneziqinisekiso okanye iimbekiselo ezivela kwiingcali kulo mmandla.
9. Ukuvavanya iGunya lompapashi
Xa uvavanya igunya lomthombo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela isidima kunye nokuthembeka kompapashi. Igunya linokusekwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinjengomgangatho kunye nokuhlonipheka kompapashi. Nazi izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:
- Abapapashi abaHloniphekileyo: Enye indlela yokulinganisa igunya lomthombo kukujonga umvakalisi. Ngokomzekelo, iwebhusayithi yeendaba ebonisa ngokucacileyo umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlela ochazwe kakuhle kunokwenzeka ukuba ibe negunya ngaphezu kweblogi yomntu. Abapapashi abahlonelwayo ngokufuthi baye bamisela imigangatho yokuchaneka, ukukhangela izibakala, nobuntatheli obusesikweni, nto leyo enegalelo ekuthembekeni kwabo.
- Umba Wokwandiswa kwendawo: Esinye isalathisi segunya sinokufumaneka kwi-domain extension ye-URL yewebhusayithi. Ngokomzekelo, iiyunivesithi ezinemimandla ye-edu ngokuqhelekileyo zithwala ubunzima obuninzi ngokwemigaqo yokuthembeka xa kuthelekiswa neewebhusayithi ezineziko le-.com. Oku kungenxa yokuba amaziko emfundo anemigangatho engqongqo yokufunda kwaye athathwa njengemithombo ethembekileyo yophando nolwazi.
10. Khangela abagcini-masango (abasemaGunyeni)
Xa kuziwa ekuhanjisweni komxholo, abagcini-masango basebenza njengamagunya abalulekileyo anoxanduva lokuxhasa umgangatho kunye nemigangatho yokuchaneka. Ngokwesiko, aba bagcini-masango baquka abahleli, abaphononongi abacokisekileyo boontanga, kunye nezindlu zokupapasha eziphaphileyo. Indima yabo ephambili kukuba basebenze njengabagcini, ngokunyanisekileyo bahlolisise umxholo ukukhusela ukusasazwa komgangatho ophantsi okanye ulwazi olungachanekanga.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi-digital landscape eqhubekayo, amaqonga afana ne-Twitter kunye neeblogi zisebenza ngaphandle kobukho babagcini-masango bendabuko. Ngelixa oku kukhuthaza unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo kunye nedemokhrasi ukudalwa komxholo, kukwaphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokuthembeka kolwazi olwabiwe. Ngaphandle kwabagcini bamasango, umngcipheko wolwazi olungelulo, amabali acalucalulo, kunye namabango angaqinisekiswanga ayandayo angaqwalaselwanga avele abonakale ngakumbi, egxininisa ukubaluleka kwabathengi abaqondayo ekujikelezeni ulwandle olukhulu lomxholo we-intanethi.
11. Ukuqinisekiswa ngoPhononongo lwabalingane (Ukuseka ukuthembeka)
Uphononongo lwabalingane yinkqubo ebalulekileyo apho umthombo othembekileyo uvavanya ngobuchule kwaye ujonge umxholo. Olu vavanyo lungqongqo luqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nomgangatho womxholo. Ngokucacileyo, uphononongo oluphindwe kabini, oluqhutywa ziingcali ezingaziwayo ezingazaziyo iinkcukacha zombhali wokuqala, zimele incopho yoqinisekiso lomgangatho kwimithombo yezemfundo. Olo vavanyo lungenamkhethe luphakamisa eyona migangatho iphezulu yokuthembeka nokungakhethi buso, ibethelela ukuthembeka kolwazi lwabaphengululi.
12. Ukuqinisekisa uBunyani boMfanekiso (uVavanyo lokuNtembeko)
Xa uvavanya ukuthembeka komxholo, ngakumbi kwiimeko apho ulwazi lomntu siqu lubaluleke kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso yasekuqaleni kubaluleke kakhulu. Le mifanekiso, ibanjwe ngabadali bomxholo ngokwabo, ithwala ubunzima bobunyani. Ngokomzekelo, kumxholo wokuphononongwa kwemveliso, ukubandakanywa kwemifanekiso ebonisa umbuyekezi ngokusebenzayo usebenzisa imveliso kungekhona nje ukuqinisa ukuthembeka kokuhlaziywa kodwa inika ubungqina obubonakalayo bamava abo ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuxhomekeka kwiifoto zesitokhwe okanye imifanekiso yomntu wesithathu kunokunciphisa ukuthembeka komxholo.
13. Ukuphonononga uLuhlu lweReferensi yokuChaneka nokuthembeka
Ukucaphula imithombo yolwazi ngomnye weyona mizekelo ibalulekileyo yokufunda kumajelo eendaba, njengoko idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni abafundi baqinisekise ukuchaneka komxholo lo gama ikhuthaza ukungafihli kumsebenzi wokufunda. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithombo yolwazi ekubhekiselwa kuyo ayikhankanywanga ngokufanelekileyo kuphela kodwa iphuma nakwimithombo ehloniphekileyo, ephambili okanye kwimibhalo yezemfundo. Ngokwenjenjalo, sikhulisa ukuthembeka kweembekiselo zethu, someleza ukuthembeka komsebenzi wethu.
Ukuthembela kwimithombo ehlonitshwayo komeleza isiseko sophando lwethu okanye iingxoxo, kuzenza zomelele kwaye zithembeke. Ke ngoko, ingqwalasela ethe kratya kumgangatho kunye nemvelaphi yeembekiselo ibalulekile ekugcineni imfezeko yomxholo wezemfundo okanye wolwazi.
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14. Ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kobungqina obukhankanyiweyo:
Ekuvavanyeni ukuthembeka kolwazi, kubalulekile ukuphonononga izicatshulwa ezinikeziweyo, ezinokubandakanya idatha kunye neekowuteshini zangempela. Ezi zicatshulwa zisebenza njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwedatha ebonisiweyo. Ubungqina obucatshulwe ngokufanelekileyo abuboleki nje intembeko kulwazi kodwa bukwavumela abafundi ukuba balandele imithombo, bakhuthaze ukungafihli kunye nokuthembela kulwazi oluhanjiswayo. Esi senzo sisisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka komxholo.
15. Thatha umzuzwana ucinge ngokuKhethekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kokuChaneka:
Ukukhuthaza imbono ejikelezwe kakuhle, kubalulekile ukwahlula imithombo yakho yokufunda. Kulumkele ukuchasa ukuqinisekiswa, umgibe wokuqonda apho umntu atya kuphela umxholo ohambelana neenkolelo ezikhoyo. Ngokufuna ulwazi ngenkuthalo kuluhlu lwemithombo yolwazi, awuphuculi ukuqonda kwakho kuphela kodwa ukwanciphisa umngcipheko wokwenza iimbono ezicalu-calulo ezisekelwe ekuvezweni okukhethiweyo ekuqinisekiseni iimbono. Hlakulela ingqondo evulekileyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ukuze ufezekise ukuchaneka okukhulu ekuqondeni kwakho ihlabathi.
isiphelo
Kule mihla yedijithali, ukufunda kumajelo eendaba kube bubuchule obuyimfuneko. Kubalulekile ukukhangela kungekuphela nje imidiya yemveli efana namaphephandaba kodwa kunye nomhlaba omkhulu wamaqonga eendaba ezentlalo. Ingaba umntu usebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwindawo yeendaba ezihloniphekileyo, iblogi yobuqu, ividiyo yeYouTube, okanye i-tweet elula, ukukwazi ukuvavanya ngokunzulu nokutolika umxholo wemidiya yeyona nto iphambili kwaye injongo yemizekelo yokufunda nokubhala yeendaba eboniswe kweli nqaku kukunceda. uyayenza loo nto.
Ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba buxhobisa abantu ukuba bahlule phakathi kwemithombo ethembekileyo kunye nolwazi olungachananga, bachonge icala, kwaye baqonde ifuthe elinokubakho lemithombo yeendaba eluntwini. Kwilizwe elikhulayo elinxibelelana, ukukhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala kumajelo eendaba kubalulekile kubumi obunolwazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi ngenkathalo.
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