IUnited States, enabemi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-330 abasasazeke kuwo onke amaphondo angama-50 kunye neWashington DC, ijongene nemingeni eyahlukahlukeneyo yezentlalo. Impembelelo yezopolitiko kunye nenkcubeko yaseMelika isasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele, ichaphazela abantu kwihlabathi liphela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiba ethile ebalulekileyo echaphazela isizwe. Sixoxe ngeminye imiba yezentlalo kunye nemizekelo ukukunceda ngcono ukuba uqonde imiba ekhoyo.
Ityala labafundi yinkxalabo exhaphakileyo, ithwalisa umthwalo kubantu abaninzi abafuna imfundo. Ukungalingani kwemivuzo ngomnye umba, obonisa ukungafani kwemivuzo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Ukhathalelo lwempilo nezindlu luzisa imingeni, echaphazela impilo-ntle yabemi kunye nokufikelela kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Ubuhlanga buseyingxaki enzulu, echaphazela imiba eyahlukeneyo yoluntu lwaseMelika. Ukuqaphela kunye nokujongana nale miba ilishumi kubalulekile ekudaleni uluntu olulinganayo nolunobulungisa, kungekuphela nje kubantu baseMelika kodwa kuluntu lwehlabathi oluchatshazelwe yile mingeni.
Qhubeka ufunda njengoko ufunda ngakumbi malunga nemizekelo yemicimbi yezentlalo e-US efuna ingqwalasela engxamisekileyo.
Imizekelo yeMiba yeNtlalo e-US
1. Umngeni weZindlu ezifikelelekayo
Ukufumana izindlu ezifikelelekayo eUnited States kuya kuba nzima. Ngo-2021 UPew Research Ingxelo ityhila ukuba i-49% yabantu baseMelika bajonga izindlu ezifikelelekayo njenge "ngxaki enkulu" kwiindawo abahlala kuzo, ephawula ukonyuka kwe-10% ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2019.
Le ngxaki inxulunyaniswe ngokusondeleyo nemivuzo engatshintshiyo, nto leyo edala inkxalabo ekhulayo kwilizwe lonke.
Ingxelo yeNational Low Income Housing Coalition's 2021 ingxelo iqaqambisa inyani ekhathazayo: akukho msebenzi nakweliphi na ilizwe onakho ukuthenga indlu enamagumbi amabini okurenta eneeyure ezingama-40 zeveki yokusebenza. Kumazwe anje ngeNew York, California, naseTexas, imeko imbi kakhulu.
ENew York, umntu kufuneka asebenze iiyure ezingama-94 ngeveki kumvuzo karhulumente we-$12.50/yure ukuze ahlawule irenti yokulala enye. E-California, i-$ 1 / umvuzo omncinci weyure ufuna iiyure ze-14.00 zomsebenzi ngeveki efanayo. NaseTexas, kunye nomvuzo wayo we-89 yeedola ngeyure, irenti yegumbi eli-7.25 ifuna umsebenzi omangalisayo weyure ezili-1 ngeveki.
Imivuzo engapheliyo, amatyala anyukayo, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso nako kutshabalalisa iphupha lobunini bamakhaya, ngakumbi kwiMillennials.
NgokoLuhlu lwee-Apartment, i-18% yabaqeshi bewaka leminyaka bajongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo yokungena kwimarike yezindlu, okongeza kumcelimngeni obanzi wokufikeleleka kwezindlu elizweni.
2. Umzabalazo woNonophelo lwezeMpilo olufikelelekayo
Ukufezekisa inkqubo yezempilo esebenza kakuhle kunye nefikelelekayo kuhlala kungumngeni eUnited States.
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo olwenziwe I-KFF usebenzisa idatha karhulumente, malunga 1 kubantu abadala 10 zithwele amatyala ezonyango, kunye 3 million abantu abanatyala ngaphezu $10,000. Abona bachatshazelwa kakhulu ngamatyala abalulekileyo onyango baquka abantu abadala abaMnyama, abantu abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabo banempilo enkenenkene. Lilonke, abantu baseMelika bebonke batyala amakhulu eebhiliyoni zeedola.
Iimpembelelo zobhubhani we-COVID-19 ziphinde zaveza iziphene kwinkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo. Inqaku lika-2021 liqaqambise imiba ehlala ihleli enje ngezithintelo ekufikeleleni kukhathalelo lwempilo, amaxabiso aphezulu, ukungalingani, ukungahoywa kwempilo yoluntu, kunye neenkxalabo zomgangatho, zonke eziye zenziwa mandundu ngubhubhane. Inkqubo ekhoyo yokhathalelo lwempilo ibonakalise ukunganeli ukulawula ngokukuko le ngxaki.
Ukuze i-United States ijongane nobhubhane wexesha elizayo kunye nempilo yemihla ngemihla kunye nentlalontle yabemi bayo, uhlengahlengiso olubanzi lwenkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo lubalulekile.
Funda kwakhona: Yintoni Ukugxekwa Kwezentlalo? Iindidi zokugxekwa kweNtlalo
3. Ukukhula kokungalingani kwemivuzo
Uphononongo olutshanje lu YezoQoqosho nkqubo iveze intsingiselo ephathelele kukungalingani kwemivuzo ukusuka ngo-1979 ukuya kowama-2020.
Imivuzo ye-1.0% ephezulu inyuke nge-179.3%, kunye nokunyuka okumangalisayo kwe-389.1% kwi-0.1% ephezulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umvuzo wama-90% asezantsi ukhule nge-28.2%.
Olu lwahlulo olukhulayo lwengeniso luye lwakhokelela kwimeko eyothusayo apho, ngo-2020, i-90% ephantsi ifumene kuphela i-60.2% yayo yonke imivuzo - esona sabelo siphantsi ukususela ekulandeleni idatha kwaqala ngo-1937.
Ngo-2021, umahluko wobutyebi uqhubeke usanda njengoko i-10% ephezulu yabantu baseMelika ibambe i-70% yobutyebi bonke base-US. Ngaphaya koko, umsantsa phakathi kwemivuzo ye-CEO kunye nemivuzo yabasebenzi abaqhelekileyo ubonisa ukungalingani okukhulu kweli lizwe.
Phakathi kuka-1978 kunye no-2018, umvuzo we-CEO unyuke ngaphezu kwe-900%, ngelixa umsebenzi oqhelekileyo wabona ukunyuka okuncinci kwe-11.9% kuphela. Le datha igxininisa ubunyani bokuba izityebi ngokwenene ziya zityeba e-United States, ziwenza mandundu umba wokungalingani kwemivuzo.
4. Ityala lomfundi
Ityala labafundi lihlala lingomnye wemizekelo ephezulu yentlalontle e-US.
Kwinqaku lika-2022, Forbes iqaqambile malunga neenyani malunga netyala lemali mboleko yabafundi eMelika. Ityala lomfundi lilonke, ukudibanisa imali-mboleko yomanyano kunye neyabucala, lifikelela kwi-1.75 yetriliyoni yeedola. Ngokomyinge, ababoleki ngabanye batyala phantse i-$29,000.
Imali-mboleko yabafundi ye-Federal inegalelo kwi-92% yetyala lomfundi lilonke, kunye nezinga lokukhula ligqithise ukunyuka kwezifundo ngama-353.8%. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yokunceda urhulumente, ingxaki isaqhubeka. Ngo-2020, amatyala omfundi adibeneyo anyuke ngaphezu kwe-8%, eshiya ababoleki abaninzi besokola ukwenza iintlawulo.
Iziphumo zokungasemva kwiintlawulo zemali-mboleko zidlulela ngaphaya koxinzelelo lwemali. Ukuhla kwamanqaku ekhredithi kwenzeka, kuthintela ukufikelela kwezinye iindlela zokunciphisa amatyala. Umba oqhubekayo wenziwa mandundu kukungabikho kwemigaqo yokuthenga ngetyala eyongezelelweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela abantu nzulu ematyaleni.
Ukunyuka kwemali yokufunda kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, kodwa ukuncitshiswa kwenkxaso-mali karhulumente kwimfundo ephakamileyo kunye nemivuzo emileyo nako kunegalelo kule ngxaki. Ngelixa uncedo olukhawulezileyo lunokufikelelwa ngokucinywa kwamatyala, indlela ebanzi iyafuneka, ukulungisa iindleko zokufunda, ukucuthwa kwenkxaso-mali, kunye nemivuzo emileyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nengxaki yamatyala abafundi.
5. Ubuhlanga
Ubuhlanga bebuyingxaki eUnited States kangangeminyaka emininzi. Ngo-2020, bekukho uqhanqalazo olukhulu lwamalungelo oluntu, olona lukhulu ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Kodwa, ayinguye wonke umntu oxhasa iinzame zokwenza izinto zibe ngcono.
Abanye abantu bazichasile iincwadi ezithetha ngobuhlanga nobuhlanga, ingakumbi ezikolweni. Oku kwenza kube nzima kubantwana ukufunda ngale miba ibalulekileyo.
Ubuhlanga bukwabonakala nangeendlela ezinobundlobongela. NgoMeyi, umntu oneminyaka eli-18 ubudala wabulala abantu abaNtsundu abalishumi ngabom. Wabhala i-manifesto echaza isizathu sokuba enze oko. Wayekholelwa kwingcamango ebizwa ngokuba yiGreat Replacement Theory, ethi abantu abaMhlophe bayatshintshwa.
Uphando bafumanise ukuba malunga nesi-7 kwabali-10 baseRiphabhlikhi, iqela lezopolitiko, bacinga ukuba abezopolitiko benkululeko bafuna amandla angakumbi ngokuthatha indawo yabavoti abaMhlophe. Oku akuthethi ukuba onke amaRiphabhlikhi angenza into enobundlobongela, kodwa ibonisa ukuba iingcamango zobuhlanga zisaxhaphakile. Kufuneka sifumane iindlela zokutshintsha ezi ngcinga kwaye senze ilizwe libengcono kumntu wonke.
6. Imingeni kumaLungelo okuvota
Ukuhlaselwa kwamalungelo okuvota ngomnye wemizekelo emikhulu yemicimbi yoluntu kunye nenkxalabo enkulu e-United States kuba ichaphazela eminye imiba emininzi. IZiko loBulungisa laseBrennan ligcina umkhondo wezithintelo, kwaye ukusuka nge-1 kaJanuwari ukuya kuDisemba 7, 2021, amazwe ali-19 apasise imithetho engama-34 ethintela ukufikelela kukuvota.
Abantu baseRiphabhlikhi bebesoloko befuna imithetho engqongqo yokuvota, kodwa emva kobuxoki bokuba uJoe Biden webe unyulo lukamongameli, uhlaselo lwabo lonyukile.
Eli Ziko lifumanise ukuba ukusukela nge-4 kaMeyi, 2022, ubuncinci amatyala angama-34 anemiqathango ethintelayo ayehamba kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente ezili-11. Kuyo yonke iseshoni yowiso-mthetho ka-2022, amazwe angama-39 aya kuthathela ingqalelo malunga nama-400 emithetho emiselweyo yokuvota.
Le mithetho isayilwayo ijolise ekunciphiseni uvoto lwe-imeyile, ukuthintela ukuvota ngeCawe, ukwazisa imithetho emitsha okanye engqongqo yesazisi somvoti, nokunye. Le mithetho ayipheleli nje ekufikeleleni kumvoti kodwa ikwaxhasa amabango obuxoki malunga nesidima sonyulo, iphelisa ukuthenjwa kwabavoti kwiziphumo.
7. Umngeni weNgxaki yeeMbacu
Ingxaki yababaleki, eyona nto igxile kuyo ngo-2019, iyaqhubeka nokuba yinkxalabo ecinezelayo kwabo bachaphazeleka ngokuthe ngqo.
Ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ngoku inani elingenakuthelekiswa nanto labantu lihlala kwilizwe elahlukileyo kwindawo abazalelwa kuyo. Bamalunga nezigidi ezingama-70.8 abantu abanyanzelwe ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo, phantse izigidi ezingama-30 zichazwe njengeembacu. Okothusayo kukuba, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senani leembacu ehlabathini liquka abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala.
Olu luntu lugxothiweyo luhlangabezana nemiqobo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ukufikelela okulinganiselweyo kwimfundo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, amathuba emisebenzi, kunye nezixhobo eziyimfuneko. Enoba zisaba kungquzulwano okanye iintlekele zemvelo kumazwe ahlala kuzo, iimbacu zifuna uncedo olongezelelekileyo ekulawuleni iingxaki ezijamelene nazo.
Abasebenzi bezentlalo, kunye nezakhono zabo ezizodwa, baxhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukunika inkxaso efunekayo ukunceda aba bantu bahlangabezane kwaye banqobe ubunzima beemeko zabo. Isidingo somzamo ohlangeneyo wokujongana nemiba eneenkalo ezininzi ejikeleze ingxaki yeembacu ihleli ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni impilo-ntle kunye nokuzinza kwabo bachaphazelekayo.
Funda kwakhona: 10 Ulwakhiwo lweNtlalo yoKhubazeko
8. Umba wokuvalwa kweencwadi ezikolweni
Kwezi nyanga zakutshanje, abantu abaninzi abayikhathaleleyo imfundo, njengabasebenzi bamathala eencwadi nabafundisi-ntsapho, baye bothuswa kukwanda kwenani lokuvalwa kweencwadi ezikolweni kulo lonke elaseUnited States.
IPEN America, kwingxelo yayo yokuqala esemthethweni yeencwadi ezayekiswayo, kuye kwaphawulwa izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwe-1,500 26 zokuvalwa kweencwadi kwiinyanga nje ezisithoba. Ezi zithintelo zenzeke kumazwe angama-86, zichaphazela izithili zesikolo ezingama-3,000 kwaye zichaphazela phantse izikolo ze-2 ezinabafundi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-XNUMX.
Ngelixa imiceli mngeni yeencwadi kumathala eencwadi ezikolo ingeyonto intsha, eyona nto yahlula le meko kukuba i-41% yokuvalwa komsebenzi ebhalwe kwiPEN's Index inonxibelelwano namagosa karhulumente okanye abenzi bomthetho abanyuliweyo, nto leyo ephawula “utshintsho olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili.” Iincwadi ezijongene nemingeni zihlala zichaphazela izifundo ezifana nemfundo yezesondo, i-LGBTQ+ identity, kunye nemfundiso yobuhlanga nobuhlanga.
Amaqela e-Conservative, njenge-Moms for Liberty, ngokuqhelekileyo asebenzisa ingxabano "yamalungelo abazali" ukuthethelela oku kuvalwa. Kukho inkxalabo yokuba ukuvalwa kweencwadi kunokwandisa ngaphaya kweelayibrari zesikolo, njengoko kubonwa kwimeko apho ilungu lezomthetho laseVirginia lamangalela uBarnes & Noble ukuthintela ukuthengiswa kweencwadi ezimbini ezityholwa ngamanyala kubantwana ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali. Ngelixa oku kunyuka kokuvalwa kweencwadi kusekutsha, ngoku kuyenye yezona zinto zicinezelayo kwezentlalo e-US.
9. Umngeni woBundlobongela bemipu
Ugonyamelo lwemipu yingxaki enkulu eUnited States, yaye iingcali zempilo zithi oku kufana nengxaki enkulu yezempilo kuluntu. Ayichaphazeli nje abantu ababulawayo; ineempembelelo ezibanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo njengezempilo kunye neenkonzo zoluntu.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zogonyamelo lwemipu, ezinjengokubulala, ugonyamelo lwamaqela emigulukudu, ukudubulana kwabantu abaninzi nokuzibulala.
Okulusizi kukuba, i-US inelona nani liphezulu lokubulala okunxulumene nemipu phakathi kwamazwe aphuhlileyo. Imiphumo yogonyamelo lwemipu ayivakali nje kuphela kwabo baphulukana nobomi babo; abantu abonzakalayo, babone ubundlobongela bompu busenzeka okanye baphulukane nomntu abamkhathaleleyo nabo bajongana neengxaki ezihlala ixesha elide, ezingqondweni nasemizimbeni yabo.
Umba udlula nje amanani; yinkxalabo echaphazela ubomi babantu abaninzi yaye inemiphumo efikelela kude kwimpilo-ntle yabantu.
10. UbuLungisa beMozulu
Ubulungisa bemozulu ngomnye weyona mizekelo ibalulekileyo kwimiba yentlalo ethi izazinzulu kunye namatsha ntliziyo bebeyigxininisa iminyaka. Nangona kukho izilumkiso, kuncinci okwenziwe ukulungisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
I-United States ngoku ifumana iziphumo ezibi kakhulu, ezibonakala kwizaqhwithi zasebusika ezitshabalalisayo ze-2021. Ezi ziqhwithi zikhokelele ekungaphumeleli okukhulu kweziseko zombane eTexas, okubangele ukunqongophala kwamandla, amanzi kunye nokutya. Ingxelo evela kwiSebe leeNkonzo zezeMpilo zeSebe lichonge abantu abangama-246 ababhubhileyo, kodwa elona nani linokuba phezulu.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukufudumala okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kwiArctic kunokunxulunyaniswa nezi qhwithi. Njengoko imozulu ishushu, ukuqhambuka kwe-polar vortex kuyanda, okukhokelela kuhlobo lwezaqhwithi ezibonwa eTexas. Utshintsho lwemozulu lukwanegalelo kumaxesha amade omlilo wasendle kunye namaza obushushu angakumbi, njengoko kubonwa kwiPasifiki kuMntla-ntshona ngoJuni ka-2021, okubangela ukusweleka kwamakhulu.
Ezo ziganeko “zingaqhelekanga” ziqikelelwa ukuba ziya kwenzeka rhoqo, ziqaqambisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kuluntu lwethu nakwimekobume.
Shiya iMpendulo