Ukuqonda ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kubalulekile ekuboneni ihlabathi kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo kunye nokutyhalela uluntu olunobulungisa. Ibandakanya ukuphonononga kunye nokuthetha malunga nemiba eluntwini. Ukugxekwa kwezentlalo akukhona nje ukukhomba iingxaki; imalunga nokucebisa izisombululo.
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokugxekwa kwezentlalo. Abanye bagxininisa kukungalingani okunjengocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga okanye ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho. Abanye bangena kwimibutho yezopolitiko okanye izithethe ezinokuthi zingabinabulungisa okanye zibe yingozi kumaqela athile.
Ukugxekwa kunokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, njengeencwadi, iimuvi, okanye iincoko phakathi kwabahlobo. Isinceda sizibuze izinto esihlala sizithatha lula kwaye isikhuthaza ukuba sicinge ngendlela esinokwenza ngayo izinto zibengcono kumntu wonke.
Ngokuzibandakanya nokugxekwa kwezentlalo, sizivulela ukuba sifunde ngakumbi malunga nehlabathi kunye nokuqonda amava abantu abahlukeneyo. Sisixhobo sotshintsho, esisiqhubela ekubeni sisebenzele uluntu apho wonke umntu unamathuba kunye namalungelo alinganayo.
Yintoni Ukugxekwa Kwezentlalo?
Ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kujonga indlela ukusekwa koluntu okukhokelela ngayo kwiingxaki. Umgxeki wentlalo akabonisi nje le miba kodwa ukwacebisa iindlela zokuyilungisa. Basenokucebisa utshintsho ukwenza izinto zilunge ngakumbi okanye bade babize utshintsho olukhulu, njengotshintsho olupheleleyo lwendlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo.
Olu hlobo lokugxeka luvavanya indlela izinto ezifana nemithetho, izithethe, okanye iinkqubo zamagunya ezibachaphazela ngayo abantu. Imalunga nokuqonda ukuba kutheni amaqela athile anokujongana nocalucalulo okanye asokole ukufikelela kumathuba. Ngokomzekelo, umgxeki wezentlalo usenokuthetha ngendlela iinkqubo zoqoqosho ezibathanda ngayo abanye zize zibajongele phantsi abanye, nto leyo ekhokelela kukungalingani.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kujolise kwiinguqu ezincinci, ezivunyelweneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ityhalela iinguqu ezimandla, njengotshintsho olukhulu kwimithetho okanye kwiziseko zoluntu. Injongo kukwenza uluntu lubengcono, lube nobulungisa, kwaye lube nobulungisa ngakumbi kumntu wonke. Abagxeki bezentlalo basebenza njengamazwi abo banokuthi bangabinalizwi kwaye batyhale uphuculo olunceda uluntu luphela.
I-Advantages ye-Social Criticism kuMbutho
Ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kuzisa iingenelo ezininzi eluntwini. Inceda ukuqaqambisa iimfuno zamaqela angakhathalelwanga kwaye inika ezinye iingenelo ezahlukeneyo:
Okokuqala, inika ukukhanya kwimizabalazo yamaqela asekuhlaleni acinezelweyo. Ukuzibandakanya nokugxekwa kwezentlalo kuvumela abantu ukuba babambe iimbono ezahlukeneyo, ngakumbi ezo zihlala zingabandakanywa kwiingxelo eziqhelekileyo.
Okwesibini, icela umngeni kwiinkolelo eziqinisekisiweyo. Ngaphandle kokugxekwa, iingcamango eziphelelwe lixesha okanye ezenzakalisayo zisenokuqhubeka zingaphikiswa. Ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kuxhobisa abantu ngezixhobo zokubona uluntu olungcono kwaye baqonde indlela iindlela zoluntu ezisebenza ngayo.
Ngaphezu koko, iqhuba utshintsho olubambekayo. Ngokucacileyo, imisebenzi yokugxekwa kwezentlalo, njengenoveli ka-Upton Sinclair ethi 'Ihlathi,' ikhuthaze uphuculo lomthetho kwimithetho yokhuseleko lokutya. Ngokufanayo, amasebe enkcazo-bungcali efana nethiyori yobuhlanga ebaluleke kakhulu kunye nethiyori yomthetho yabasetyhini baye baqalisa iingxoxo malunga nokungalingani ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yezomthetho.
Okokugqibela, ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kubopha ithiyori kunye nesenzo. Injongo yalo kukudala uluntu olunobulungisa, ukukhuthaza iingxoxo kunye nokuxhobisa abantu ngabanye ukuba bajongane nengcinezelo yabo ngokusebenzayo.
Iindlela Ezahlukeneyo Zokugxekwa Kwezentlalo Zithatha Imo
Ukugxekwa kwezentlalo kunokuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Yindlela abantu abavakalisa ngayo izimvo zabo ngoluntu. Ezinye iintlobo ziquka:
1. Ithiyori ebalulekileyo
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900, iqela elaziwa ngokuba siSikolo saseFrankfurt eJamani lazisa ithiyori ebalulekileyo, indlela yokujonga uluntu nemiba yalo. Babekholelwa ukuba intanda-bulumko inokusetyenziselwa ukuchonga nokucombulula iingxaki zasekuhlaleni. Bephenjelelwa nguKarl Marx noSigmund Freud, abacinga bayathanda UJürgen Habermas kwaye NguTheodor Adorno osuka kwiSikolo saseFrankfurt wayecinga ukuba ifilosofi yayingekokufumana nje ulwazi. Kunoko, bakubona njengendlela yokukhulula abantu kwingcinezelo besebenzisa ulwazi abalufumeneyo.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1970s, ithiyori ebalulekileyo iye yasasazeka kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nefilosofi, inzululwazi yezentlalo, isayikholoji, izifundo zenkcubeko, kunye nomthetho. Iye yadityaniswa kwiinkalo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nethiyori yobuhlanga kunye nethiyori yesini. Ezi nkalo zikhethekileyo zijolise ekuqondeni indlela uluntu olusebenzisana ngayo nabantu abahlukeneyo amaqela ezentlalo.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, ezinye iithiyori ezigxekayo zikhetha ukuzibandakanya ngokuthe ngqo kwiintshukumo zentlalo kunokuxoxa ngeethiyori kwizifundiswa. Bakholelwa kwintshukumo ebonakalayo kuneengxoxo zethiyori.
Ithiyori ebaluleke kakhulu ihlala isisixhobo esinamandla sokuvavanya nokuqonda imiba yentlalo, ibonelela ngeelensi ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya kunye nokujongana nazo. imingeni yoluntu ejongene namaqela ahlukeneyo.
2. Ukugxekwa ngoncwadi
Ugxeko loncwadi lumalunga nokufunda iincwadi kunye namabali ukuqonda indlela anxibelelana ngayo nehlabathi elisingqongileyo. Ukugxekwa kwezentlalo lunye uhlobo-lujonga indlela uncwadi olubonakalisa ngayo uluntu. Xa abahlalutyi behlalutya incwadi, bakwaqwalasela indawo yombhali kuluntu lwabo nendlela le ncwadi eyabachaphazela ngayo abantu ngelo xesha. Ngokomzekelo, ukugxekwa kukaMarx kugxininisa enoba incwadi iyakuxhasa okanye iyakuchasa ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwabantu abakudidi lwasekuhlaleni.
Olunye uhlobo lugxeka emva kobukoloniyali, olujonga indlela uncwadi olubonisa ngayo ubukoloniyali, apho ilizwe lilawula kwaye lixhaphaze elinye. Abagxeki bafunda indlela la mabali abonisa ngayo ubomi babantu ababengamathanga.
Abagxeki abahlalutyi nje iincwadi ezikhoyo-baphinda badale amabali ahlola imiba yoluntu. Eminye imizekelo edumileyo ziinoveli zedystopian ezifana Kwihlabathi elitsha elinenkalipho nguAldous Huxley or Ifama yezilwanyana nguGeorge Orwell. Fiction yembali efana Umxholo wezixeko ezibini nguCharles Dickens kunye Ihlathi ngu-Upton Sinclair ikwabonakalisa iingxaki zoluntu.
Ngokufunda ezi ncwadi nokwenza ezintsha, abahlalutyi basinceda siqonde size sicinge ngehlabathi esiphila kulo.
3. Umculo njengeSixhobo sokugxekwa kweNtlalo
Ezinye iintlobo zomculo, njengepunk, irap, nezinye iintlobo zomculo wemetal, zinemvelaphi yokugxeka ibutho labantu. Bathetha ngeengxaki zikarhulumente, ingcinezelo, neemvakalelo zokuphoxeka ngendlela izinto eziyiyo. Thatha ingoma ethi "Pretty Vacant" yeePistols zeSex, umzekelo. Ngumhobe wepunk othetha ngendlela abafikisayo abaziva bengakhathali ngayo imeko yezopolitiko eNgilane ngeminyaka yoo-1970.
Omnye umzekelo onamandla ngulo 2Pac’s “UBrenda unomntwana.” Le ngoma yomculo werap isithela thsuphe ngempatho engekho sikweni nokungekho sikweni olujamelene nayo uluntu oluthile. Ibalisa ibali lentombazana eselula ejongene neemeko ezinzima, ibalaselisa imiba yentlalo exhaphakileyo eluntwini.
Ngaphaya koku, iingoma ezininzi kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zisebenza njengeqonga lamagcisa lokuvakalisa ukungoneliseki okanye ukugxekwa kwizithethe zoluntu. Ezi mvumi zisebenzisa amazwi kunye neengoma zazo ukuvusa iingcinga kunye neengxoxo malunga neengxaki abantu abajongene nazo, zijolise ekudaleni ulwazi kunye nokuzisa utshintsho. Olu hlobo lwentetho yomculo luyaqhubeka ukuba sisixhobo esinamandla senkcazo yentlalo kunye nokukhuthaza ngokuchasene nemiba eyahlukeneyo yoluntu.
Shiya iMpendulo