Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuthetha ukucotha, nokutshintsha ixesha elide kwimozulu. Kwenza ukufudumala koMhlaba kwaye kubangela iintlekele zendalo ezifana nezaqhwithi ezinamandla, izikhukula, nembalela ehlala ixesha elide.
Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho lwemozulu lwenzeka ngezizathu zendalo, kodwa xa abantu bedlala indima enkulu kuyo, iba yingxaki enkulu kuthi sonke. Ngomnye weyona micimbi ingxamisekileyo esijongene nayo kwihlabathi namhlanje.
Oosonzululwazi bebejonge ukuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, njengokukhupha iigesi ezifana nemethane kunye nekharbon diokside (CO2), ziyichaphazela njani iplanethi. Ezi gesi zibamba ubushushu, zenza ubushushu boMhlaba, kwaye oko kukhokelela kuzo zonke iintlobo zeengxaki.
Ngaba wakha wazibuza malunga nezizathu eziphambili ezibangela utshintsho lwemozulu? Kukho izizathu ezili-10 ezisisiseko zokutshintsha kwemozulu ezichongwe oososayensi. Masiziphonononge kwaye siziqonde ukuze sibambe ukuba kutheni kufuneka sithathe inyathelo.
10 oonobangela abaKhulu boTshintsho lweMozulu
1. Uphuhliso lweFosili
Amafutha efosili adlala indima ebalulekileyo kutshintsho lwemozulu. Xa sisebenzisa amafutha efosili afana ne-oyile negesi, iigesi eziyingozi zegreenhouse zikhutshelwa kwiatmosfera yoMhlaba. Inkqubo iqala ngokukhupha nokuphuhlisa la mafutha.
IBhunga loKhuselo lweNdalo ithi uphuhliso lweoyile negesi ngoyena nobangela wokutshintsha kwemozulu. Imisebenzi efana nokugrumba, ukuqhekeza, ukuthutha, kunye nokucokisa igalelo kukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwinqanaba ngalinye.
Enye into exhalabisa ngokukhethekileyo kukukhutshwa kwemethane, igesi yegreenhouse enamandla ethi ibambe ubushushu obuninzi kunekharbon diokside emoyeni. Kwanaxa amaqula e-oyile negesi engasetyenziswanga, ayaqhubeka nokuvuza imethane.
Ngo-2018, ngaphezulu kwe-3.2 yezigidi zemithombo yeoli kunye negesi e-United States ikhuphe i-281 kilotons ye-methane.
Oku kukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse, ngakumbi i-methane, kuyayiqinisa impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokuphonononga kwakhona ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili kunye nokufumana enye imithombo, imithombo yamandla ezinzileyo ukuthomalalisa iziphumo zokusingqongileyo.
2. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili bokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kuxa abantu begawula ngabom okanye baceke imithi ehlabathini lonke. Awona mahlathi makhulu, ubukhulu becala eMzantsi Merika, kuMbindi Afrika, nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia, achaphazeleka.
Ngokwenqaku (Isiphumo sokugawulwa kwamahlathi kuTshintsho lweMozulu), ukugawulwa kwemithi kukhupha i-C02 kwaye oku kuchaphazela ukuguquguquka kwemozulu. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunokuncitshiswa ukuba sigcina amahlathi kwiplanethi yethu yasekhaya.
Xa imithi igawulwa, ikhabhoni egcinwe kuyo iphumela emoyeni. Ngokutsho kweManyano yeeNzululwazi eziZixhalabileyo, ikharbon diokside (CO2) ekugawulweni kwamahlathi ashinyeneyo yenza ngaphantsi kwe-10% yongcoliseko olubangela ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ukucothisa iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kubalulekile ukucutha ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokukhusela amahlathi ethu. Ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ze-ikhosistim kuya kwenza umahluko omkhulu ekujonganeni nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Funda kwakhona: Imizekelo ye-10 yeMiba yeNtlalo e-US
3. Iindawo zokuLahla iNkunkuma
Iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ezaziwa ngokuba ziindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, ziindawo apho abantu belahla inkunkuma yabo. Ngelixa ezi ndawo zijolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo yenkunkuma kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu, zinegalelo kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Ingxaki ephambili ikukukhutshwa okubalulekileyo kweegesi ze-greenhouse. Ngokutsho kweZiko leNdalo kwiYunivesithi yaseBoulder, iindawo zokulahla inkunkuma zikhupha izixa ezikhulu zemethane, iCO2, umphunga wamanzi, kunye nezinye iigesi.
Enye inkxalabo kukusetyenziswa kakhulu komhlaba kwezi ndawo zokulahla. EUnited States kuphela, kukho malunga ne-3,000 yeendawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezisebenzayo, ezigubungela phantse i-2 yezigidi zeehektare zendawo yokuhlala yendalo. Ukulahla inkunkuma ngokugqithisileyo kuchaphazela kakubi wonke umntu, okuneziphumo eziyingozi ngakumbi kubantu nakwizilwanyana ezihlala kufutshane.
4. Iigesi eziFluorinated
Ikharbhon diokside (CO2) kunye nemethane zihlala ziphawulwa njengezona zinto zinegalelo elikhulu kutshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa kukho enye inkxalabo: iigesi ezigqunyiweyo, ezaziwa ngokuba ziigesi ze-F. Ezi gesi ezenziwe ngabantu zisetyenziselwa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zoshishino.
Ifriji kunye nezixhobo zomoya, i-electronic industry, amayeza, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-aluminium yimizekelo apho ezi gesi zifumaneka khona, ngokutsho kweKhomishini yaseYurophu.
Nangona i-F-gases yenza kuphela i-3% ye-greenhouse gas emissions kwaye ayilimazi i-ozone layer ye-atmospheric, ziyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo ngenxa yamandla abo. Ezi gesi zinamandla ngokuphindwe ngama-23,000 kuneCO2. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ifuthe leegesi zefluorinated kutshintsho lwemozulu kwaye uqwalasele amanyathelo okunciphisa igalelo lazo.
5. Ushishino
Ngamagama alula, “ishishini” libhekisela ekwenzeni izinto ezifana nesamente, intsimbi, iimpahla, nokunye. Xa oomatshini besenza ezi mveliso, bakhupha iigesi eziyingozi ezinegalelo ekutshintsheni kwemozulu.
I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo (EPA) ichaza ukuba ishishini linoxanduva lokukhupha iigesi ezingcolisayo ehlabathini malunga ne-24%. Oku kuquka ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili ukwenzela amandla kunye nokukhutshwa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenziwa kwemveliso.
Njengoko abemi behlabathi besanda, namashishini ayakhula. Kubalulekile ukufumana iindlela zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa leli candelo. Oku kuthetha ukwamkela iindlela ezicocekileyo nezizinzileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. Ngokwenza oko, sinokunceda ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kwaye silwe nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
6. Iplastiki
Iplastiki ngoyena nobangela wokutshintsha kwemozulu. Idalwe ikakhulu kumafutha efosili, ayingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Phantse zonke iiplastiki, malunga ne-99%, zenziwe ngala mafutha. Emva kokuba sisebenzise iplastiki, ayidli ngokuphinda isetyenziswe. Kuphela inxalenye encinci, malunga ne-9%, iphinda isetyenziswe kwihlabathi jikelele.
Uninzi lwayo luphelela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, emahlathini, elwandle nakwezinye iindawo zendalo. Xa iplastiki yonakala, ikhupha iigesi zegreenhouse emoyeni nasemanzini. Oku kongeza kungcoliseko nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ke, iplastiki yingxaki enkulu kokusingqongileyo.
7. Zothutho
Ngo-2010, ezothutho zibe negalelo malunga ne-15% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse. Oku kuquka ungcoliseko olubangelwa kukutsha kwamafutha eefosili kwiinqwelo-moya, ezimotweni, ezinqanaweni, koololiwe nasezilorini. Eyona gesi ixhaphakileyo ikhutshwa yicarbon dioxide (CO2), ikakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwepetroli nedizili.
EUnited States, uninzi lokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kwizithuthi ziphuma kwiimoto zemihla ngemihla nakwiilori. Iinqwelo-moya nazo zinegalelo elikhulu kungcoliso, yaye iinqwelo-moya zabucala zibalaselisa impembelelo yezityebi kwimozulu. Uhlolisiso lubonise ukuba umntu obhabha kwinqwelo-moya yabucala ukhupha ungcoliseko lwekhabhoni izihlandlo ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-20 kunomntu okwinqwelo-moya yorhwebo.
Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa indima enkulu yothutho edlalwa kwimiba yokusingqongileyo, kugxininise kungcoliseko olubangelwa ziindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhamba kunye nefuthe elibonakalayo lokuhamba komoya wabucala ekukhutshweni kwekhabhoni.
8. Izichumisi
Izichumisi ziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ukutya kubantu abakhulayo behlabathi. Izichumisi ze-nitrojeni, ngakumbi, zinyuse kakhulu imveliso yokutya, kodwa kukho ukusilela. Ukuveliswa kwezichumisi zokwenziwa kunoxanduva malunga ne-1.4% yecarbon dioxide (CO2) ekhutshwayo ngonyaka.
Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi kunegalelo ekukhutshweni kwe-non-CO2. Nangona kunjalo, kulucelomngeni ukumisa imveliso ngequbuliso kuba malunga ne-48% yabemi behlabathi baxhomekeke kukutya okukhuliswe ngezichumisi zokwenziwa.
Ukujongana nalo mbandela, sinokuphonononga ukusebenzisa izichumisi zendalo, ukunciphisa imiphumo emibi ye-nitrogen fertilizer, kunye nokuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo. La manyathelo anokunceda ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwehlabathi kwizichumisi zokwenziwa.
Ngokufumana ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutya zabemi abakhulayo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezichumisi, sinokusebenzela kwikamva elizinzileyo nelinempilo leplanethi yethu.
Funda kwakhona: Yintoni iSayensi yezeNdalo?
9. Ukuvelisa Amandla kunye nokufudumala
Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-150, ioli, amalahle negesi yendalo bezilawula ihlabathi. Ezi zixhobo, ezaziwa njengamafutha efosili, zibonelela malunga ne-80% yamandla asetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele. EUnited States, amalahle, ioli, negesi yendalo nganye inegalelo elikhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla. Ngo-2020, amalahle abonelele nge-19% yamandla, ngelixa i-oyile kunye negesi yendalo nganye ithatha malunga nesinye kwisithathu.
Ngaphandle kokukhula kokusetyenziswa kweminye imithombo yamandla efana namandla elanga nawomoya, ukuthembela kwethu kumafutha efosili kumbane nobushushu kuhlala kuphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba inxalenye enkulu yamandla esiwasebenzisayo ukunika amandla amakhaya ethu, amashishini, kunye namashishini ethu avela ekutshiseni la mafutha efosili.
Ngelixa imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo inika ezinye iindlela ezicocekileyo, ayikawatshintshi ngokupheleleyo amafutha efosili. Njengoko siqhubeka sihlola kwaye siphuhlisa izisombululo zamandla azinzileyo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha efosili kuya kubaluleka ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ikamva elizinzileyo.
10. Ukusetyenziswa Ngokugqithisileyo
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili bokutshintsha kwemozulu. Xa sifaka iplastiki eninzi kakhulu, sichitha ukutya, size sakhe iimoto ezininzi, oko kunegalelo kule ngxaki. Ngelixa izenzo zomntu ngamnye zibalulekile, ayinguye wonke umntu owabelana ngoxanduva olulinganayo kwiimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Isifundo esivela Imozulu ye-PLOS ibonisa ukuba phantse isiqingatha sokufudumala kwegesi ye-greenhouse e-US kubangelwa ngabantu abacebileyo baseMelika. Oku akubangelwa nje yindlela abaphila ngayo; bakwatyala imali kwiinkampani ezivelisa amafutha efosili.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kudlula ubuninzi bezinto esizithengayo; kukwanxulunyaniswa nokufuna ubutyebi obugqithisileyo ngeendleko zabanye abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukujongana nalo mba kufuna inzame edibeneyo yokunciphisa indawo yethu yendalo kwaye sicinge ngokutsha ukulandela kwethu izinto ezigqithisileyo.
Shiya iMpendulo