Bayanda abafundi abacinga ngekamva lesijikelezi-langa sethu. Abaninzi babhenela kwinzululwazi yendalo esingqongileyo. Eli candelo lisebenzisa izibalo kunye nesayensi ukufunda ubomi eMhlabeni. Ukuba oku kunomdla kuwe, umsebenzi kwiNzululwazi yezokusiNgqongileyo unokulungela.
Ngesidanga sesayensi yokusingqongileyo, unokufumana amathuba amaninzi emisebenzi. Uya kufunda ubuchule obunokukhokelela kwimisebenzi ehlawula kakuhle. Le misebenzi ibandakanya uphando ngendalo esingqongileyo, imfundo, uzinzo, kunye nolondolozo.
Ukufunda isayensi yokusingqongileyo kuvula iingcango kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Unokusebenza kwimpilo yokusingqongileyo, kwifiziksi, okanye kwikhemistri. Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lweenketho zokuphonononga.
Zeziphi Iindidi zeNzululwazi yokusiNgqongileyo
Inzululwazi yezokusiNgqongileyo Inzululwazi yokusiNgqongileyo sisifundo esijonga indlela uMhlaba, amanzi awo, umoya kunye nezinto eziphilayo eziqhagamshelene ngayo. Ikwajonga indlela abantu abazichaphazela ngayo ezi zinto kwaye izama ukufumana izisombululo kwiingxaki ezifana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokunyamalala kwezityalo nezilwanyana. Ngoku, makhe sihlolisise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo:
1. Indalo
I-Ecology imalunga nendlela izinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni ezidibana ngayo. Izazinzulu ezifunda nge-ecology, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ecologists, zifuna ukwazi indlela izilwanyana, abantu nezityalo ezichaphazeleka ngayo kwindawo ezihlala kuyo nendlela eziyichaphazela ngayo indawo ezihlala kuyo. Kufana nokucinga ubudlelwane phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo.
I-ecology ayiyonto nje enye; ngumxube wamabala amaninzi. Izazi ngendalo zisebenzisa izimvo kunye neendlela ezivela kwibhayoloji, ikhemistri, ifiziksi, kunye nejoloji. Badibanisa zonke ezi ziqwenga ukuze baqonde indlela izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo zesijikelezi-langa sethu ezisebenza kunye.
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wayo njengephazili enkulu apho yonke into ephilayo nendawo yayo ziziingceba ezidibanayo. Ngokujonga le phazili, izazi ngendalo zinokufumanisa ukuba utshintsho kwisiqwenga esinye lubachaphazela njani abanye. Isinceda sifunde ngakumbi malunga newebhu engakholelekiyo yoqhakamshelwano eyenza umhlaba wethu ube mtsalane.
2. I-Environmental Chemistry
I-Chemistry yezeNdalo licandelo lenzululwazi eliphonononga indlela imichiza edibana ngayo namanzi, umoya, umhlaba nezinto eziphilayo. Ibandakanya imimandla engaphantsi efana ne-toxicology, i-chemistry ye-atmospheric, kunye ne-chemistry yamanzi. Ukuba ukhetha ukufunda ikhemistri yokusingqongileyo, umsebenzi wakho wekhosi uya kubandakanya iiklasi kunye neninzi yemisebenzi yaselabhoratri egxile ngokubanzi, ngokwasemzimbeni, kuhlahlelo, kunye nakwikhemistri yendalo.
Ngamagama alula, i-chemistry yokusingqongileyo isinceda ukuba siqonde indlela izinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngayo indawo esingqongileyo. Nokuba ngumoya esiwuphefumlayo, amanzi esiwaselayo, okanye umhlaba oxhasa ubomi bezityalo, ikhemistri yendalo esingqongileyo inika ulwazi kubudlelwane phakathi kwemichiza kunye nendalo.
Ngokuphanda olu nxibelelwano, izazinzulu kweli candelo zinegalelo ekufumaneni izisombululo zemiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nokugcina iplanethi esempilweni. Ke, ukuba unomdla wokuba iikhemikhali ziyichaphazela njani indalo kwaye ufuna ukwenza impembelelo entle, ukufunda ikhemistri yokusingqongileyo kunokuba yindlela enika umdla nebalulekileyo kuwe.
Funda kwakhona: Zingaphi izidanga onokuthi uzifumane?
3. INzululwazi ye-atmospheric
KwiSayensi ye-Atmospheric, sigxile ikakhulu ekufundeni utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neziphumo zalo. Lo mmandla ubandakanya ukuphonononga umoya ojikeleze umhlaba kunye nendlela odibana ngayo nokusingqongileyo. Kuzo zonke izifundo zakho, uya kufumanisa indlela yokuphuhlisa iimodeli ezibonisa ukujikeleza komoya, ukusebenzisana kwawo neekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, kunye neendlela izilwanyana kunye nabantu abanegalelo ngazo ekukhutshweni kwekharbon diokside.
Olu qeqesho lwezenzululwazi lusinceda siqonde ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kweenkqubo ze-atmospheric kunye notshintsho lwehlabathi, lubonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kwizinto eziphembelela imozulu yethu. Uphononongo lwe Iingcali zeSayensi ayigcini nje ngokutyhila iimfihlakalo zemvulophu yomoya weplanethi yethu kodwa ikwanika ukukhanya kwimpembelelo yomntu kwibhalansi ethambileyo yoMhlaba, ngakumbi malunga nokukhutshelwa kwekharbon diokside emoyeni.
Ngokufunda le ndawo, uya kufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko malunga newebhu entsonkothileyo yoqhakamshelwano olubumba imozulu yethu kwaye luphembelele impilo-ntle yesijikelezi-langa sethu.
4. I-Geosciences/Earth Science
I-Geoscience, ekwaziwa ngokuba yisayensi yomhlaba, idibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi ezigxile eMhlabeni, njengesayensi yomhlaba wokusingqongileyo kunye nejoloji. Eli candelo liphanda izinto ezibonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali zoMhlaba kunye neatmosfera yawo. I-Geoscience iphonononga amacandelo ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-biosphere, i-lithosphere, i-hydrosphere, kunye ne-atmosphere.
Ngamagama alula, i-geosciences ifunda yonke into malunga neplanethi yethu - ukusuka emhlabeni sihamba ukuya kumoya esiwuphefumlayo. Izazinzulu kweli candelo zihlola umhlaba, amatye, amanzi nomoya ukuze ziqonde indlela ezisebenzisana ngayo nefuthelana ngayo. Bakwahlola iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobomi ezihlala eMhlabeni.
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni we-geoscience njengephazili enkulu apho izazinzulu zidibanisa ulwazi ukuze ziwuqonde wonke umfanekiso wesijikelezi-langa sethu. Ngokufunda la malungu anxibeleleneyo, izazinzulu ngendalo zifumana ulwazi kwiinkqubo ezibumba uMhlaba kunye nokusingqongileyo. Olu lwazi lusinceda ukuba siliqonde ngcono ikhaya lethu kwaye senze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokulikhusela nokuligcina.
Amacandelo amahlanu aPhambili okusiNgqongileyo: Amacandelo awohlukeneyo oMhlaba
Indawo esingqongileyo yenziwe ngamalungu amahlanu aphambili asebenza kunye ukugcina ubomi eMhlabeni. Makhe sihlolisise nganye kuzo.
- Ihlabathi laManzi-Hydrosphere: I-hydrosphere ibandakanya onke amanzi aphezu, ngaphantsi, okanye ngaphezulu komphezulu woMhlaba. Oku kubandakanya amanzi alulwelo, agubungela malunga nama-70% oMhlaba. Noko ke, inxalenye encinane yoku ingamanzi acocekileyo afumaneka kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, amachibi, nasemilanjeni.
- Umhlaba oSolid-Lithosphere: Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba nguMhlaba oqinileyo, i-lithosphere ngumaleko ongaphandle abantu abawubiza ngokuba likhaya. Isinika izixhobo eziyimfuneko ezifana neeminerali, ukutya, kunye namafutha. Iquka i-crust kunye ne-mantle ephezulu, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-lithosphere ngumhlaba, apho izityalo zikhula khona kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni zixhomekeke ekusindeni.
- Umoya esiwuphefumlayo-Umoya: I-atmosfera ngumxube weegesi ezijikeleze uMhlaba, zisebenza njengengubo ekhuselayo ebalulekileyo ukuze kubekho ubomi. Ngaphandle kokusikhusela kwimitha ye-UV eyingozi, ibonelela ngomoya esiwuphefumlayo, iwenza ube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
- Ummandla woBomi-iBiosphere: I-Biosphere yindawo ekhethekileyo eMhlabeni apho ubomi bukhula khona. Yintlangano ehambelanayo yomoya, amanzi nomhlaba eyenza ubomi bubekho kwesi sithuba sincinane. Ngenxa yoko, i-biosphere idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni ulungelelwano oluthambileyo lwe-ecosystem yethu.
- Izithuba ezenziwe ngabantu-Anthropsphere: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-technosphere, i-anthrosphere yinxalenye yoMhlaba abantu abayidalileyo okanye bayiguqulele indawo yokuhlala kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho. Ukusuka kwizixeko ukuya kwiindawo zoshishino, i-anthroposphere ibonisa imprint yempucuko yabantu emhlabeni.
Ukubaluleka kwezifundo zokusiNgqongileyo
Izifundo zokusingqongileyo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yophuhliso. Imithetho-siseko yayo ebanzi iyasebenza kwimimandla ephambili, kubandakanywa ulondolozo lwendalo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo, uthintelo nolawulo longcoliseko, kunye nolawulo oluzinzileyo lwemithombo yendalo.
Inkalo yenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo ibonelela ngamathuba emisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yindawo exabisekileyo yokufunda kwabo banomdla wokwenza impembelelo entle. Amathemba omsebenzi kwisayensi yokusingqongileyo abandakanya ukubonisana, amashishini, ukuthengisa ngokuluhlaza, izifundiswa, ii-NGOs, ii-arhente zamazwe ngamazwe, izikhundla zikarhulumente, kunye nokukhuthaza uhlaza.
Iingcali zenzululwazi yendalo esingqongileyo zinegalelo kulondolozo lweentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo nezityalo ezohlukeneyo, ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso-qhinga zokuthintela nokulawula ukungcoliseka kwendalo, nokusebenza ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kakuhle kobutyebi bendalo. Umda wenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo mkhulu kakhulu, ubonisa ukubaluleka kwawo ekujonganeni nemingeni yehlabathi enxulumene nokusingqongileyo.
Abantu abaphishekela ikhondo lomsebenzi kwisayensi yokusingqongileyo banokuphonononga amacandelo ahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekucebiseni amashishini kwiinkqubo ezizinzileyo ukukhuthaza ulwazi lokusingqongileyo kwiindima zikarhulumente. Eli candelo alijonganga kuphela imiba yangoku yokusingqongileyo kodwa likwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ikamva elizinzileyo nelilungele indalo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwezifundo zokusingqongileyo kubalulekile kubantu abajonge ukufaka isandla kwintlalontle yesijikelezi-langa sethu kunye nabemi baso.
Funda kwakhona: Ngaba ubuNjineli yiNzululwazi?
Iinjongo zeMfundo yeNzululwazi ngokusiNgqongileyo
Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, sidibana nemingeni emininzi efana nokuncipha kobutyebi bendalo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukucombulula ezi ngxaki kufuna ukuba wonk’ ubani adlale indima ekunyamekeleni imekobume, yaye imfundo inendima ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni oku. Iinjongo zezifundo zenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo zibalulekile ekusombululeni le miba ngokufanelekileyo:
1. Ukuphakamisa ulwazi: Inyathelo lokuqala ekusombululeni nayiphi na ingxaki kukuyiqonda. Inzululwazi yokusingqongileyo ijolise ekwaziseni abafundi ngemiba ekhoyo ngoku yendalo esingqongileyo kunye noonobangela abahlukeneyo bokuthotywa kwemekobume.
2. Ukudluliselwa kolwazi: Imfundo lilungelo elisisiseko, kwaye izifundo zenzululwazi yokusingqongileyo zijolise ekunikeni abafundi ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye namacandelo ayo awohlukeneyo.
3. Izimo zengqondo ezikhuthazayo: Ulwazi lulodwa alwanelanga; abantu kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuthatha inyathelo. Inzululwazi yendalo esingqongileyo izama ukubethelela isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kubantu ngabanye, ibakhuthaza ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo ekukhuseleni indalo.
4. Uphuhliso lwezakhono: Inzululwazi yokusingqongileyo igxile ekuxhobiseni abafundi ngezakhono ezisebenzayo, ezibenza bakwazi ukufumana izisombululo kwiingxaki ezikhoyo zokusingqongileyo.
5. Ukukhuthaza uThatho-nxaxheba: Abafundi bayakhuthazwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ebonakalayo kwimisebenzi enegalelo kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Eyona njongo iphambili kukubandakanya abantu abaninzi kwiinkqubo zokuthatha izigqibo, ukufaka isandla kwizisombululo ezisebenzayo kwimiba yokusingqongileyo.
Shiya iMpendulo