ISwitzerland idume ngomgangatho wayo ophezulu wobomi, iziseko ezingundoqo eziphuhliswe kakuhle, kunye nokuzinikela ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo.
Undoqo kwimpumelelo kunye nemvisiswano yentlalo yaseSwitzerland kukwahluka kwayo okutyebileyo, okubangelwa ziilwimi ezine ezisemthethweni zeli lizwe. Umbuzo ngulo; zeziphi iilwimi ezithethwa eSwitzerland?
Ngokungafaniyo noluntu oluthetha iilwimi ezininzi, iSwitzerland iphumelela ukunqanda ukungavisisani okuqhelekileyo kwezentlalo. Ukukwazi kwabantu baseSwitzerland ukuthetha iilwimi ezine ezisemthethweni kusebenza njengamandla amakhulu.
Nangona ezi lwimi zithethwa kulo lonke ilizwe, ubukhulu becala zifumaneka kwimimandla ethile. Le yantlukwano yolwimi inegalelo kwimosaic yenkcubeko eyodwa yaseSwitzerland, ikhuthaza ubunye nokuqondana phakathi kwabantu bayo.
AmaSwiss amkela ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezininzi, edala imeko-bume ehambelanayo apho amaqela athetha iilwimi ezahlukeneyo ahlala ngoxolo. Le ndlela ibandakanyayo ayiphuculi nje kuphela ubambiswano loluntu kodwa ikwabonakalisa ukuzinikela kwelizwe ekwamkeleni iyantlukwano njengomba osisiseko wobuntu balo.
Iilwimi ezithethwa eSwitzerland
Ulwimi lwesiJamani saseSwitzerland
IsiJamani saseSwitzerland lolona lwimi luthethwa kakhulu eSwitzerland. Malunga ne-60% yabantu bayayithetha, ngakumbi emantla, kumbindi, nakwimpuma yelizwe. Abahlali bayibiza Schwyzerdütsch, kwaye yenziwe ngolwimi lwe-Alemannic olungasasetyenziswayo eJamani okanye eOstriya.
Abantwana baseSwitzerland bafunda isiJamani esiPhakathi esikolweni, ukuze bathethe ngokulula namaJamani, ama-Austrian, kunye nezinye izithethi zaseJamani. Batshintshela kwisiJamani esiPhakathi ngokulula xa bethetha nomntu ongathethi isiJamani saseSwitzerland.
Ekubeni ingezizo zonke iziyelelane zesiJamani zaseSwiss ezinefomu ebhaliweyo, imithetho, iincwadi kunye namaphephandaba abhalwe ngesiJamani esiqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto uninzi lwamaJamani aseSwitzerland luyibiza ngokuba yiSchriftdeutsch, gama elo elithetha “isiJamani esibhaliweyo.”
I-Swiss German ayikho nje intetho enye-iyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke apho ukhoyo. Umzekelo, ulwimi lwaseZurich lwahlukile kwiBasel, kwaye lwahluke ngakumbi kwilali yaseAlpine.
Iimeko ezisemthethweni zihlala zisebenzisa isiJamani esiqhelekileyo, ngakumbi ukuba kukho izithethi zaseJamani ezingezizo zaseSwiss. Kodwa ngasese naphakathi kwamaJamani aseSwitzerland, iziyelelane ziyinto eqhelekileyo.
Ulwimi lwesiFrentshi saseSwitzerland
IsiFrentshi lolona lwimi luphambili kwintshona yelizwe, ummandla owaziwa ngokuba sisiFrentshi saseSwitzerland.
Ngokwe-Wikipedia, malunga ne-22% yabemi baseSwitzerland bathetha isiFrentshi, nto leyo eyenza ibe yimpembelelo enkulu yolwimi kwizixeko ezifana neGeneva neLausanne. Ukuba uceba uhambo oluya kwezi ndawo zaseSwitzerland, ukuba nesichazi-magama sesiFrentshi kunokuba luncedo, njengoko ubukhulu becala ziindawo ezithetha isiFrentshi.
Xa kuthelekiswa nomahluko phakathi kweSwiss German kunye nesiStandard German, umahluko phakathi kweSwiss French kunye nesiFrentshi esithethwa eFransi awubonakali kangako. Nangona kukho iiyantlukwano kwisigama kunye namagama, abantu abanobuchule kwisiFrentshi esiPhakathi kufuneka bakufumane kulula ukuthabatha isiFrentshi saseSwitzerland.
Ukuxhaphaka kwesiFrentshi kwizixeko zaseSwitzerland kudala imeko-bume yolwimi eyahlukileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube luncedo kubahambi ukuba babe nolwazi oluthile ngolwimi. Nokuba ujonga ubutyebi benkcubeko yaseGeneva okanye ukonwabela ubuhle beLausanne, ukuba nokuqonda okusisiseko kwesiFrentshi kunokuphucula amava akho kunye nonxibelelwano nabantu balapha.
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Ulwimi lwaseSwitzerland lwesiTaliyane
AmaTaliyane aseSwitzerland ahlala kumazantsi eSwitzerland, kufutshane nomda we-Itali. Ngabemi abazizithethi ezingama-673,000, bamalunga ne-8% yabemi belizwe.
Kumntu oqhelene nesiTaliyane okanye ofunda ulwimi, isiTaliyane saseSwitzerland kulula ukusiqonda, sifana nesiFrentshi saseSwitzerland. Owona mahluko uphambili ulele kumagama-mboleko ambalwa abalulekileyo asuka kwisiJamani nesiFrentshi.
Ngaphandle kobukho beelwimi zengingqi ezifana neTicinese kunye nezinye iinguqulelo eziphenjelelwa yiLombard, iSwiss Italian ifana ngokusondeleyo nesiTaliyane esiqhelekileyo eSwitzerland.
Ngokwahlukileyo kwisiTaliyane esiPhakathi, isiTaliyane saseSwitzerland sibalasele ngokusebenzisa “iicalques,” amabinzana abonakala ngathi ziinguqulelo zoqobo ezisuka kwisiFrentshi nesiJamani.
Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa igama lesiTaliyane elithi “ilayisensi yokuqhuba” lithi “Patente,” amaTaliyane aseSwitzerland asebenzisa “iLicenza di condurre,” inguqulelo ethe ngqo esuka kwigama lesiFrentshi elithi “permis de conduire.” Ngaphandle kwezi ntlobo zolwimi, unxibelelwano lulonke phakathi kwamaTaliyane aseSwitzerland kunye nezithethi zoMgangatho wesiTaliyane zihlala zigudile.
Ulwimi lwesiRomania
IsiRomansh lulwimi oluncinane oluthethwa ngabantu abangama-37,000 kuphela. Yaba lulwimi lwesizwe eSwitzerland ngowe-1938, kodwa kwaba ngowe-1996 apho yathi yamkelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Kumzantsi-mpuma weCanton yaseGrisons, isiRomansh lulwimi olusemthethweni olusetyenziswa kulawulo nemfundo, nakunxibelelwano lwemihla ngemihla kuluntu.
Ngaphandle kokujongana nokhuphiswano oluvela kwiTaliyane kunye neJamani, iRomansh iye yasinda kwinkulungwane yama-21. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu abathetha isiRomansh luvela kwimimandla ekwanti, eneentaba kumzantsi-mpuma weSwitzerland.
Impembelelo yolwimi lwesiJamani kwisiRomansh ibalulekile. Ngaphandle kwesiseko sayo esincinci sesithethi, isiRomansh sineelwimi ezintlanu ezisetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Iinzame zikarhulumente zokukhuthaza i-"pan-Romash" edibeneyo ibe neziphumo ezixubileyo kwinqanaba lendawo.
Ukwahluka kweelwimi ezininzi eSwitzerland
ISwitzerland igxininisa ukubaluleka kokwamkelwa kolwimi lwesizwe ukuze ludityaniswe. Noko ke, uninzi lwabantu abafudukela kweli lizwe lusakhetha ukunxibelelana ngeelwimi zabo zomthonyama.
Ngoku ka iOfisi yeNkxaso-manani yaseSwitzerland, iilwimi ezidla ngokuthethwa kweli lizwe ziquka isiNgesi, isiPhuthukezi, isiAlbania, njl.
Ipesenti ephawulekayo yabemi baseSwitzerland ikakhulu banxibelelana ngeelwimi ezingezizo ezo zelizwe. Malunga ne-5.8% yabemi balapho bathetha isiNgesi, isi-3.5% sithetha isiPhuthukezi, isi-3.2% sithetha isiAlbania, isi-2.3% ngesiSerbo Croatian, kunye nesi-2.4% ngeSpanish. Ukongeza, kukho i-8.2% inxalenye esebenzisa iilwimi eziwela phantsi koluhlu "lwezinye."
Ukwahluka kweelwimi eSwitzerland kuqaqambisa ukuhlalisana kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo kwimida yayo. Ngaphandle kogxininiso kulwimi lwesizwe lwesizwe, ubukho beelwimi ezininzi bubonisa ubutyebi benkcubeko obubunjwe ngabantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe abohlukeneyo belizwe. Iinkcukacha-manani zigxininisa ukubaluleka okuqhubekayo kokuqaphela kunye nokwamkela iyantlukwano yeelwimi eSwitzerland.
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Imibuliso Ngeelwimi Ezahlukeneyo Ezithethwa eSwitzerland
Zine iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezahlukeneyo ezithethwa eSwitzerland. Nantsi imibuliso elula onokuyisebenzisa:
Mholweni:
- NgesiSwiss German, uthi "Hallo."
- NgesiFrentshi saseSwitzerland, yi "Bonjour."
- NgesiSwiss Italian, unokuthi "Ciao."
- NgesiRomansh, unokhetho olumbalwa: "Cia," "Tgau," okanye "Allegra."
Sala kakuhle:
- Ukuvalelisa ngesiJamani saseSwitzerland, uthi "Auf Wiedersehen."
- NgesiFrentshi saseSwitzerland, yi "Au revoir."
- NgesiSwiss Italian, unokuthi "Addio."
- NgesiRomansh, yi "Ade."
Ndiyacela:
- Ukuba ufuna ukuthi nceda ngesiJamani saseSwitzerland, uthi "Bitte."
- NgesiFrentshi saseSwitzerland, yi “S'il vous plaît.”
- NgesiSwiss Italian, unokuthi "Ngokuthanda kwakho."
- NgesiRomansh, yi "Plaschair nganye."
Enkosi:
- Ukubulela ngesiJamani saseSwitzerland, uthi "Danke."
- NgesiFrentshi saseSwitzerland, yi "Merci".
- NgesiSwiss Italian, uthi "Grazie."
- NgesiRomansh, yi “Grazia.”
Shiya iMpendulo