Abantu abaninzi eUnited States ngoku bamkela ukutya okutyebileyo kwizityalo njengokutya imifuno, okubandakanya ukungayityi inyama. Olu khetho lokutya luqhagamshelwe kwiintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye neenkolelo zokuziphatha. Nangona kunjalo, iingcambu zalo mkhwa wehlabathi zidlulela ngaphaya kweempembelelo zaseNtshona, zifikelela kwiinkcubeko zase-Asiya, zaseAfrika kunye nezeMveli. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezi mvelaphi zahlukeneyo, ezinokungaqatshelwa xa sikhangela iiresiphi kwi-intanethi okanye u-odole ukuba uthathe.
I-Vegetarianism iza ngeendlela ezininzi, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa. Abantu bakhetha ukulandela ezi zidlo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya impilo, iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwesimilo. Ngokusebenzisa ukutya okutyebileyo kwizityalo, umntu ngamnye unokunandipha iindidi ezininzi zeenzuzo. Ezi zibonelelo azibandakanyi impilo-ntle yomntu kuphela kodwa zikwanegalelo kwiinjongo ezibanzi zentlalo nezokusingqongileyo.
Njengoko ukuthandwa kokutya okusekelwe kwizityalo kuqhubeka nokukhula, kubalulekile ukuxabisa ukuhlukahluka kwenkcubeko kunye neengcambu zembali eziye zabumba ezi ndlela zokutya. Nokuba iqhutywa ziinkuthazo zempilo, iinkolelo ezisesikweni, okanye ukwaziwa ngokusingqongileyo, uhambo olusingise kwindlela yokuphila egxile kakhulu kwizityalo lubandakanya ubutyebi obunempembelelo kwihlabathi liphela.
Yintoni iVegetarianism?
IVegetarianism yindlela yokutya egxile ekutyeni okusekelwe kwizityalo okufana neembotyi, iimbotyi, iziqhamo, neenkozo, ngaphandle kwenyama yezilwanyana. Abo balandela ukutya kwemifuno banokubandakanya iimveliso zezilwanyana ezifana uju, amaqanda, kunye nobisi, kunye neenguqu ezifana ne-lacto-vegetarians abadla ubisi kodwa hayi amaqanda. Iivegans zithatha inyathelo elingaphezulu ngokungabandakanyi zonke iimveliso zezilwanyana. Okubangela umdla kukuba, abanye abantu abazichaza njengabatya imifuno basatya iintlanzi.
Abantu bamkela ukutya kwemifuno ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iinkxalabo ezisesikweni malunga nentlalontle yezilwanyana kunye nokuzinikela kwimpilo. Olu khetho lokutya lunokuba ngumcimbi wobuqu okanye woluntu, onegalelo kwimvakalelo yesazisi sentlalo. Abantu abatya imifuno basoloko benxibelelana, besenza uluntu olusekelwe kumava ekwabelwana ngawo.
Imigangatho yokutya imifuno iyahluka phakathi kwabantu kunye namaqela, okukhokelela ekuguqukeni kobunzima kumava ezilwanyana kunye nemifuno. Ngokucacileyo, imibutho efana nePETA iye yahlengahlengisa izikhundla zayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Njengokuba, IPETA xa sele kuvunyelwe ukutyiwa kwamaqanda kwiintaka ezikhathalelwe kakuhle, kodwa lo mkhwa ususiwe kwisimo sawo sangoku.
Iingcambu kunye nokusasazeka kweVegetarianism kuyo yonke iMbali
I-Vegetarianism, okanye izidlo ezingabandakanyi inyama ngokuthanda ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo, zineengcambu ezinzulu zembali ezinxulumene neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeenkolelo. Lo mkhwa unokulandelwa kumaxesha amandulo, kunye nobungqina obubhaliweyo obufunyenwe kwimibhalo yenkolo ukusuka kwinkulungwane yesihlanu BC eIndiya. Ikoloniyali yaseBritani yaseIndiya ngenkulungwane ye-17 neye-18 yakhokelela ekuqwalaselweni nasekudumeni ngokutya kwemifuno yiBritane eYurophu.
Abantu bomthonyama baseMelika nabo babenezidlo zakuqala ezisekelwe kwizityalo. IiChoctaws, ezihlala eMississippi kunye ne-Oklahoma yangoku, yayingamafama ngokutya okusekwe kwisityalo okubandakanya umbona osisiseko, ithanga, kunye nesityu sembotyi. Ngokufanayo, ama-Aztec namaMaya akhulisa abantwana bawo njengabatya imifuno, befak’ isandla kwiindidi zeenkozo, iimbotyi, iziqhamo, nemifuno efumaneka kumakhitshi anamhlanje.
Izithethe zase-Afrika, ngakumbi e-Ethiopia, kudala zamkela ukutya okune-semi-vegan ngenxa yokubambelela Iindlela zokuzila ukutya zeCawa yamaOthodoki yaseTopiya. EJamaica ngeminyaka yoo-1930s, amaRasta, awayechasa ulawulo lobukoloniyali baseBritane, aphuhlisa intshukumo yabantu abaMnyama abatya imifuno ababona ubungcwele bomoya kwinkokeli yaseTopiya uHaile Selassie.
Uchaso lwama-Ethiopia ngokuchasene nohlaselo lwase-Italiya ngo-1896 lwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iimvakalelo zokulwa nobukoloniyali kwaye lwaba negalelo ekusekweni kwenkolo yobuRasta. Izidlo zeVegan zase-Ethiopia, ezifana nokutya kweRastafarian “Ital”, zinembali eyahlukileyo ebotshelelwe kumzabalazo ochasene nengcinezelo, uloyiso lwe-Ethiopia lubonisa ukuchasa ukwahlulwa kweYurophu eAfrika. Namhlanje, olu qhakamshelwano lwembali luyaqhubeka nokuphembelela kwaye lukhuthaze iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zemifuno kwihlabathi jikelele.
Funda kwakhona: Isikhokelo esiBanzi seCuisine yaseIndiya
Iingenelo zokuKhetha iVegetarian Lifestyle
Abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukulandela ukutya kwemifuno ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Esona sizathu siphambili kukuba sempilweni. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba ukuphepha inyama kunokunceda ukuphucula impilo yabo yonke. Esinye isizathu kukunciphisa umonakalo kwimekobume nezilwanyana. Ngokungayityi inyama, abantu bajolise ekunciphiseni impembelelo yabo kwiplanethi kwaye babonise uvelwano kwizilwanyana.
EIndiya, malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabemi balandela ukutya kwemifuno. Ngokuyinxenye oku kubangelwa zizithethe zasekuhlaleni ezikwalela ukutyiwa kwenyama. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo ukubambelela kwabantu kwizidlo abazikhethileyo kunokuba ngumngeni ngenxa yolu xinzelelo lwentlalo.
Ukongezelela, iimeko zoqoqosho zinendima ekukhetheni ukutya. Abanye abantu basenokukhetha ukutya imifuno ngenxa yengeniso encinane, ukuhlala ezilalini, okanye ukuba ngamakheswa ngokwenkcubeko. Le miba iqaqambisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zentlalo noqoqosho eziphembelela iipatheni zokutya kwaye zinokusenza nzima ukuqonda kwabaphandi ngeendlela zokutya.
Lilonke, isigqibo sokwamkela indlela yokuphila yemifuno siphenjelelwa ziinkxalabo zempilo, ukuqaphela okusingqongileyo, izithethe zenkcubeko kunye neemeko zoqoqosho.
IVegetarianism yokwenyani kunye nezinye iintlobo
Ingqikelelo "yemifuno yokwenyani" ayinayo inkcazo eyamkelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Noko ke, abaphandi badla ngokusebenzisa eli gama ukuze bachaze abantu abathi ngobulumko bayeke ukutya inyama, inkuku nentlanzi. Olu hlelo lungqina ukuba lubalulekile kwizifundo zezemfundo ezigxile ekuziphatheni komntu, ngakumbi ngenxa yeziphumo zophando lwesondlo eMelika. Okumangalisayo kukuba, inxalenye ephawulekayo yabantu abachonga njengabatya imifuno basabandakanya uhlobo oluthile lwenyama ekutyeni kwabo.
Ukujongana nolu tshintsho kukhetho lokutya, abaphandi baye baqulunqa amagama ongezelelweyo afana ne "semi-vegetarian" okanye "imifuno yexeshana" ukuchaza abo balandela kakhulu ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo kodwa ngamanye amaxesha batya inyama. Olunye udidi, olubizwa ngokuba yi-pesco-vegetarians, lubandakanya abantu abatya iintlanzi, iimveliso zobisi, kunye namaqanda kodwa bazikhwebule kwezinye iintlobo zenyama.
Ngokubanzi, igama elithi "imifuno yokwenyani" lisenokungabinangcaciso ecacileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kungqineka kuluncedo ekuqondeni iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutya phakathi kwemifuno. Abaphandi basebenzisa olu luhlu ukuze bacazulule amanqakwana okhetho lokutya kunye nokuqonda ngcono ukuntsonkotha kwendlela yokuziphatha kwabantu.
Ngaba Abatya Imifuno Bangabahanahanisi?
Uninzi lwezilwanyana ezidliwayo ziyabagxeka abantu abatya imifuno, bebathatha njengabahanahanisi bokutya iimveliso zezilwanyana ezifana nobisi kunye namaqanda. Nangona kunjalo, le mbono yenza lula ngakumbi izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kutheni abantu bakhethe ukutya imifuno, njengoko kucaciswa liQela leMithombo yeVegetarian. Ezi zizathu zisusela kwimiba yezoqoqosho kunye neenkxalabo zempilo ukuya kuqwalaselo lwemekobume, ukhetho olukhethwayo, uvelwano ngezilwanyana, kunye nemigaqo eyahlukeneyo yokuziphatha. Ngokusisiseko, abantu abatya imifuno ngabantu abangayityiyo inyama, kuquka intlanzi neenkukhu.
Izinto ezintsonkothileyo, abanye abazibiza ngokuba ngabatya imifuno badla ngokutya inyama, nto leyo edala imingeni kwiingxoxo malunga neli gama. Xa abantu abatya imifuno, beqhutywa yimilinganiselo yokuziphatha enjengokuphepha ukwenzakaliswa kwezilwanyana, besitya inyama, basenokuba nengxabano phakathi kweenkolelo nezenzo zabo.
Ukuqhawulwa konxibelelwano phakathi kwezimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha komntu luhlobo oluthile lokuhanahanisa, nangona eli gama lineentsingiselo ezingalunganga. Ukuhlangabezana noku kungahambi kakuhle, abantu banokusebenzisa amacebo afana nokuphepha iingcinga ngezilwanyana ezifuywayo okanye ukukhetha iimveliso zenyama ezingafaniyo nezilwanyana zakuqala.
Kwiphulo lokuguqula imikhwa yabathengi, abaxhasi bezilwanyana baye bafumanisa ukuba ukugxininisa uhanahaniso lokuziphatha kusenokungabi yeyona ndlela iphumelelayo. Uphando lwe-2021 olwenziwe yi-Humane League yase-UK lubonise ukuba ukugqamisa impilo embi yeentlanzi ezifuywayo kwakukholisa ngakumbi ekukhuthazeni ukusayinwa kwezikhalazo kunemiyalezo malunga nohanahaniso lwenkampani phakathi kweevenkile ezinkulu. Ngokucacileyo, imiyalezo malunga nohanahaniso lwenkampani iye yadibana ne-anti-corporate vegans kwisifundo.
Funda kwakhona: Zenziwe Ngantoni Izinja Ezishushu?
Iintlobo zokutya kweVegetarian
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo abantu abakhetha ukutya ngazo njengemifuno. Iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-Ovo-Lacto Vegetarianism kunye neVegan Diet. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukhetho lomntu ngamnye kunye nokukhetha kunokukhokelela kukwahluka phakathi kohlobo ngalunye.
- Ovo-Lacto Vegetarianism: I-Ovo-Lacto Vegetarians abayityi inyama, kodwa baquka iimveliso zobisi kunye namaqanda ekutyeni kwabo. Oku kuthetha ukuba batya izinto ezifana nobisi, itshizi kunye ne-whey. Elinye iqela elingaphakathi kolu didi yiLacto-Vegetarians, abatya iimveliso zobisi kodwa baphephe inyama kunye namaqanda.
- Ukutya kweVegan: IiVegans zithatha ukuzibophelela kwazo ziye kwelinye inqanaba ngokungabandakanyi zonke iimveliso zezilwanyana ekudleni kwazo kunye nendlela yokuphila, kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye kunokwenzeka. Ukutya kwe-vegan kuhamba ngaphaya kokuphepha inyama; ikwaphelisa amaqanda, ubusi, ubisi, nazo naziphi na ezinye izithako zokutya ezivela kwizilwanyana.
ISikhokelo seSondlo esiLula sabatya iVegetarian
Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngolwazi oluthe ngqo oluvela kwiVegan Health ukunceda abantu abatya imifuno bagcine ukutya okunesondlo. Kwabo bangatyi amaqanda okanye ideri, kubalulekile ukuba bathathele ingqalelo izondlo ezithile ukuqinisekisa impilo entle.
1. I-Vitamin B12: Ibalulekile kwiiVegans: Iivegans ezingabandakanyi amaqanda kunye nobisi ekutyeni kwazo kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo izongezo ze-vitamin B12 kwaye zitye ukutya okuqinisiweyo. I-Vitamin B12 ifumaneka kwinyama, amaqanda, kunye nobisi, kodwa ayiqhelekanga kukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo. Ngethamsanqa, izongezelelo ze-B12 ezivela kwiibhaktheriya, kungekhona iimveliso zezilwanyana, ziyafumaneka.
2. I-Iron: Imithombo yeZityalo-Powered: Iayini ibalulekile kubantu abatya imifuno, yaye iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya kwezityalo kunokubonelela ngesi sondlo sibalulekileyo. Bandakanya izinto ezifana necereal ye-Grape Nuts, i-cereal, i-molasses, i-lentils, isipinatshi, iimbotyi zezintso, iimbotyi ze-garbanzo, i-Swiss chard, i-edamame, kunye neembotyi ze-pinto kwisidlo sakho. Ukuphucula ukufunxa kwe-iron ngokufaka ukutya okutyebileyo kwe-vitamin C ekutyeni kunye nokuphepha izongezo ze-calcium ngexesha lokutya.
3. I-Zinc: Iinketho eziSekwe kwiZityaloI-Zinc, ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yonke, inokufumaneka kwimithombo yezityalo efana ne-oatmeal, i-tofu, i-cashews, imbewu kajongilanga, iimbotyi ze-garbanzo kunye neelentile. Ngelixa i-zinc ininzi kwizidlo ze-vegan, ukufunxa kunokuba ngumngeni ngenxa ye-phytates ekhoyo kukutya kwezityalo.
4. I-Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Ibalulekile kwiVegans: Iivegans zinokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nokuthathwa okucetyiswayo kwe-omega-3 fatty acids ezibalulekileyo ngokubandakanya imbewu ye-chia, imbewu yeflakisi, i-walnuts, iimbotyi zesoya, i-oyile ye-soy, ioli ye-canola, i-tofu, kunye ne-tempeh ekutyeni kwazo. Iwebhusayithi yeVeganHealth icebisa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukutya okungaphaya kwesixa esicetyiswayo semihla ngemihla ukuxhasa impilo-ntle jikelele.
Ukutshintshela kwi-Vegetarian Diet: Amanyathelo alula kunye neNkxaso
Ukwenza utshintsho kwisidlo semifuno kunokuba lula ngoncedo lweenkqubo ezivela kwimibutho e-United States naseYurophu. Esinye sezo zixhobo liphepha lewebhu leSentient Media's Take Action. Inika izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokuxhasa abantu kuhambo lwabo lokutya imifuno.
Iphepha lewebhu leSentient Media linecandelo elibizwa ngokuba yiDietary Change, elibonelela ngezixhobo eziluncedo. Enye yezi zibonelelo yinkqubo yesibhambathiso yeentsuku ezingama-30. Le nkqubo inceda abantu ngokuthe ngcembe batshintshele kwisidlo semifuno ngokubonelela ngesikhokelo kunye nenkxaso yenyanga.
Ukongeza, eli phepha lewebhu libonelela ngezikhalazo ezikhuthaza iinketho ezingakumbi ezisekelwe kwizityalo kwizikolo zikarhulumente. Eli nzame lijolise ekwenzeni kube lula kumntu ngamnye, ngakumbi abafundi, ukuba bafikelele kwisidlo semifuno kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Ngaphezu koko, iphepha lewebhu liqaqambisa ezinye iziganeko kunye namanyathelo akhuthaza ukutya kwemifuno. Ezi ziganeko zinokubonelela ngenkxaso eyongezelelweyo, isikhokelo, kunye nenkuthazo kubantu abatshintshela kukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo.
Ngokubanzi, izixhobo ezifana Iphepha lewebhu leSentient Media's Thatha inyathelo zinika inkxaso exabisekileyo kwabo bajonge ukutshintshela ekutyeni kwemifuno. Ngezi zixhobo kunye neenkqubo, abantu ngabanye bangenza utshintsho ngokuzithemba nangokulula.
Funda kwakhona: Uzipheka njani iimbotyi zezintso
Oko Okufanele Uyazi
Iziseko zeVegetarian Diet: Abatya imifuno batya iintlobo ngeentlobo zokutya ezifana neziqhamo, imifuno, amandongomane, iinkozo kunye neembotyi. Banokupheka ukutya okulula ekhaya okanye bathenge ukutya okulungeleyo kwiivenkile okanye kwiindawo zokutyela.
- Imithombo yeProtheyini yeVegetarian: Ukuze bafumane iiproteni, abantu abatya imifuno batya ukutya okufana neembotyi, ii-ertyisi, amandongomane, iimbotyi ezimnyama kunye nesoya.
- Ukutya okuthintelweyo ngabatya imifuno: Abatya imifuno abakutyi ukutya okunenyama okanye iimveliso zezilwanyana ezifana nenyama yenkomo, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, okanye isuphu eyenziwe ngomhluzi wamathambo.
- Iingenelo zokuba nguMfino: Ukukhetha ukutya kwemifuno kunokwehlisa ingozi yezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nomhlaza. Ikwayindlela yokuxhasa intlalontle yezilwanyana ngokungatyi iimveliso ezenziwe kwizilwanyana. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba yimifuno kubonwa njengento engcono kokusingqongileyo kwaye kunokunceda ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Shiya iMpendulo