Xa kuziwa kwizinja ezishushu, into oyibonayo isenokungabi yile nto uyifumanayo. Nangona ithathwa njengesithako esiphezulu, kukho inyama encinci emangalisayo kwizinja ezishushu. Ezi zithandwa zebarbecue zehlobo zenziwe ikakhulu ngamanzi kunye namafutha, into yokuba iinkampani zenja ezishushu azifuni ukwabelana.
Izinja ezishushu, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-frankfurters, ii-frank, okanye ii-wieners, lukhetho oludumileyo kwiindibano zaseMelika. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwemeko yabo ye-iconic kukho inkqubo eguqula inyama enqwenelekayo encinci kwi-sausage esetyenzisiweyo. Inyama igaywe ibe ngumxube kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu wamanqatha kunye namanzi, i-seasoned, ifakwe kwi-flavour yomsi, kwaye iphekwe kwi-tube-shape yokuzonwabisa.
Kwikota yokugqibela ka-2021, izinja ezishushu zenze i-3.4% kuphela yentengiso yenyama iyonke e-US, ilandela emva kweesoseji zesidlo sangokuhlwa kodwa idlula iisoseji zakusasa ekudumeni. Iimpawu ezithengisa kakhulu ezishushu ezishushu ezifakwe efrijini ziquka iBar-S, iBall Park, uOscar Mayer, noJohn Morrell, bebonke bathengisa iiyunithi ezizigidi ezili-104.2 kwiiveki ezili-12 ezikhokelela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari ka-2022.
Iintlobo ezidumileyo zeenja ezishushu eUnited States zikwabandakanya isiHebhere seSizwe, sikaNathan, kunye neempahla zevenkile ezifana neSam's Choice, Trader Joe's, kunye neWhole Foods. Yimbonakalo evezayo ekuqulunqweni nasekuthengisweni kwento yokutya eMelika.
Ubunyani bokuba zeziphi izinja ezishushu ezenziweyo?
Izinja ezishushu zisenokungabi njengenyama njengoko zibonakala, nangona inyama idweliswe njengesithako sokuqala. Enyanisweni, ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngamanzi kunye namafutha, aqulethe kuphela inani elincinci lenyama ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, inyama esetyenzisiweyo ikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye icutshungulwe ibe yinto emdaka.
Xa uphonononga ukubunjwa kwezinja ezishushu, kuyacaca ukuba umxholo wabo wenyama ulinganiselwe. Nokuba ibhalwe njengesithako esiphambili, elona nani lenyama ligutyungelwe ngamanzi aphezulu kunye nomxholo wamafutha. Inyama ngokwayo ikumgangatho ongaphantsi, emva kokuba icutshungulwe iguqulwa ibe yinto efana ne-sludge.
Ngokwenene, inyaniso malunga nezinja ezishushu zilala ekubunjweni kwazo, zityhila imveliso exhomekeke ngakumbi emanzini kunye namafutha kunomgangatho wenyama. Inyama yezinga eliphantsi kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo kwifom ye-sludgy igalelo ekuqondeni ukuba izinja ezishushu azinakuba njengenyama-centric njengoko kubonwa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Funda kwakhona: Iresiphi ye-Sourdough Hamburger Buns: Indlela yokwenza ii-Sourdough Buns
Zeziphi Izithako ezikwiiHot Dogs?
Izinja ezishushu ziqhele ukwenziwa ngenyama ebomvu njengenyama yenkomo, yehagu, okanye yehagu, nangona ezinye zineenkozo ezixutyiweyo. Kule mihla, unokufumana izinja ezishushu ezenziwe kwiiproteni zezityalo ezifana nesoya. Kukho neenguqulelo ezenziwe kwinkukhu okanye i-turkey.
EUnited States, iintlobo inja eshushu ethandwayo zibandakanya ezo zenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngenyama yenkomo, iturkey, yenkukhu, okanye yehagu. Abanye abantu bayakonwabela izinja zombona, izinja ezishushu ezizaliswe sisizi, kunye nokhetho lwemifuno.
Ukwenza izinja ezishushu, inyama yenkomo, yehagu, okanye yenkukhu inqunyulwa kakuhle kwaye yenziwe umxube. Malunga ne-30% yehot dog inamafutha, kwaye umxube wamafutha namanzi wenza malunga nama-50%. Lo mxube ugalelwe iziqholo ezifana ne-paprika, ipepile ebomvu, iswekile, ityuwa, ipepile emnyama kunye nesodium nitrite. Izithako ezongezelelweyo ezifana nobisi olomisiweyo lwe-nonfat kunye nomgubo wamathambo omgubo nawo unokongezwa njengezigcwalisi.
Ukuchetywa kwenyama kwiZinja ezishushu
Izinja ezishushu zenziwe ngenxalenye yenyama ebizwa ngokuba yi "meat trimmings." Esikhundleni sokuchitha inyama eseleyo emva kokuba iindawo ezingcono kakhulu zezilwanyana zikhethwa ngokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye, imboni isebenzisa inkqubo apho ikhupha yonke inyama emathanjeni, ngamanye amaxesha kuquka namathambo. Bayipheke ke bayijike ibe yintlama engqindilili.
Inyama esetyenziswa kwizinja ezishushu inokuvela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesilwanyana, njengentloko, iinyawo, isibindi, izicubu ezinamafutha, izihlunu ezisezantsi, igazi, nokunye. Zonke ezi ndawo ngokudibeneyo zaziwa ngokuba "ziinyama zokucheba," ezisebenza njengowona mthombo wenyama yezinja ezishushu. Ukuba uluhlu lwesithako lukhankanya "iimveliso" okanye "iinyama ezahlukeneyo," oko kuthetha ukuba inyama inokubandakanya amalungu afana nekhala, imilebe, amehlo, okanye ubuchopho. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-trimmings yenyama kunceda ukunciphisa inkunkuma kwishishini lenyama ngelixa ubonelela ngesiseko senja ethandekayo eshushu.
Zenziwe Ngantoni Izinja Ezishushu?
Ngo-2008, umfundi wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo uBrigid Prayson wenza uphando lokuqonda ukuba yintoni engena kwizinja ezishushu ezithengwa evenkileni, nokuba zithathwe kwiihagu, iinkomo, okanye iiturkeys. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba inyama yezi zinja ezishushu ngokuyintloko yayinamalungu omzimba ngaphandle kwesihlunu samathambo-inxalenye abantu abadla ngokubhekisela kuyo njengenyama. Ezi ziquka izinto ezifana "nethambo, i-collagen, imithambo yegazi, izinto zezityalo, i-peripheral nerve, i-adipose tissue (amafutha), i-cartilage kunye nolusu.
Iziphumo zika-Prayson zibonise ukuba uninzi lweempawu ezivavanyiweyo “zingaphezu kwama-50% amanzi ngokobunzima” kwaye zinenyama engaphantsi kwe-10%, echazwa njengesihlunu samathambo. Oku kukhanyisa ukubunjwa kwezinja ezishushu, kugxininisa ukuba umxholo wenyama uphantsi kwaye wongezwa ngamanye amacandelo ahlukeneyo.
Zeziphi Izithako kwiNja eshushu yenkomo?
I-USDA iyalela ukuba inja yenkomo eshushu kufuneka isebenzise inyama yenkomo kuphela kwaye akufuneki iqulathe naziphi na iimveliso. Lo mmiselo uyasebenza njengenyathelo lokhuseleko ngokuchasene ne-bovine spongiform encephalopathy, eyaziwa njengesifo se-mad cow. Ngokungafaniyo nezinja ezishushu ezenziwe kwinkukhu okanye yehagu, iifrank zenkomo azivumelekanga ukuba zisebenzise inyama yenkomo eyahlulwe ngoomatshini.
Inyama eyahlulwe ngoomatshini yinto ekhethekileyo eyenziwe “kukunyanzeliswa kwamathambo, kunye nenyama etyiwayo edityaniswe kuwo, ngesisefu phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu.” Le nkqubo ihlukanisa inyama kwithambo, idala inyama yenyama. Ngokucacileyo, izinja ezishushu ezinenyama yehagu okanye inkukhu eyohlulwe ngoomatshini kufuneka ziyichaze ngokucacileyo kuluhlu lwezithako zazo. Igama elithi "i-slime emhlophe" lidla ngokusetyenziswa ukuchaza inyama eyahlulwe ngoomatshini.
Ukushwankathela, inja eshushu yenkomo, ngokwezikhokelo ze-USDA, yenziwe ngokukhethekileyo kwinyama yenkomo ngaphandle kokufakwa kwemveliso, njengenyathelo lokhuseleko kwisifo senkomo ephambeneyo. Ukuthintelwa kwenyama yenkomo eyahlulwe ngoomatshini kwi-frank yenkomo kuyahlula kwiifatyi ezenziwe ngenkukhu okanye inyama yehagu.
Funda kwakhona: Yintoni ukutya kwaseMelika kunye neCuisine?
Izithako ezingaqhelekanga kwiZinja ezishushu: Yintoni ngokwenene Ngaphakathi?
Ukhetho lokutya lunokwahluka kumntu nomntu, yaye oko umntu akubona kwamkelekile kusenokugqalwa njengento embi ngomnye. Okunye ukutya kuqhele ukubonwa njengento engathandekiyo, kwaye umzekelo omnye onjalo yi-offal, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-byproducts okanye. iintlobo zenyama. Ezi aziqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwizinja ezishushu kwaye ziye zasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisondlo sezilwanyana kunye nezicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.
Ngokwe-USDA (iSebe lezoLimo lase-United States), izinja ezishushu ezinemveliso okanye iindidi zenyama kufuneka zibe neepesenti ezili-15 ubuncinane zezihlunu zamathambo. Ngaphezu koko, izinto ezithile eziphumayo ezifana nentliziyo, izintso, okanye isibindi kufuneka zidweliswe ngokucacileyo, kunye nokuchongwa kwesilwanyana eziphuma kuso. Ngaphandle kwalo mmiselo, imithombo yoshishino ibonisa ukuba i-offal ayisona isithako esisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizinja ezishushu, okwenza ukuba ibe yinto engaqhelekanga.
Ngamagama alula, xa kuziwa kwizinja ezishushu, kukho imigaqo malunga neentlobo zenyama ezinokusetyenziswa. Ngelixa abanye banokufumana umbono wokusebenzisa iimveliso ezithengiswayo ezinganqweneleki kangako, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba imimiselo ikhona ukuqinisekisa ukungafihli malunga nento engena kula mashwamshwam athandwayo.
Ukwenza Inja Eshushu: Izithako kunye namanyathelo
EUnited States, iihot dogs zinoluhlu lwezithako, yaye zicwangciswa ngokokulandelelana kwazo. Uluhlu luqala ngesithako esenza inxalenye enkulu ye-hot dog kwaye ihla iye kuleyo eyenza inxalenye encinci.
Xa ufunda uluhlu, uya kubona amagama ezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-hot dog. Igama lokuqala kuluhlu lelona lisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye ifani yeyona nto isetyenziswa kancinci. Lo myalelo uyalandelwa ukuze abantu baqonde ngokulula oko kungaphakathi kwihot dog abayityayo. Yindlela yokwazisa wonke umntu malunga nezithako kunye nokuba ingakanani nganye kwinja eshushu.
Ukukhetha i-Meat Trimmings
Xa ubona ihot dog ebhalwe izithako ezifana nenkomo, inyama yehagu, okanye inkukhu, kusenokuvakala kulula, kodwa indlela eyenziwe ngayo inyama ibandakanya inkqubo entsonkothileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ukubuyisela inyama phambili (AMR), apho oomatshini abakhethekileyo basetyenziselwa ukukhuhla, ukucheba, okanye ukucinezela amaqhekeza enyama emathanjeni enyama yenkomo neyehagu. Nangona kunjalo, xa inyama inekhalsiyam eninzi, idlula umda kwaye ibe yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yinyama "eyahlulwe ngoomatshini". Ngamagama alula, ukuba kukho amasuntswana amaninzi amathambo enyameni, kuthathwa njengokwahlulwe ngoomatshini.
Ukucacisa, nangona inja eshushu ingabanga ukuba inezithako zenyama ezithe ngqo, imveliso ibandakanya iindlela eziphambili zokwahlula inyama emathanjeni. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa oomatshini abakhethekileyo abasusa inyama emathanjeni enyama yenkomo neyehagu. Nangona kunjalo, xa inyama iqulethe i-calcium eninzi, ebonisa ubukho obugqithiseleyo bamathambo, ihlelwa njengenyama eyahlulwe ngoomatshini.
Ukudibanisa Izithako
Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukudibanisa izithako. Ukwenza izinja ezishushu kubandakanya ukudibanisa izithako ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, inyama eyomeleleyo iyaphekwa ize iculwe ibe yintlama. Emva koko, izixhobo ezongezelelweyo zixutywe.
Ngoku ka Inqaku likaYasmin Tayag kwi-Inverse, izinja ezishushu ziqulethe umxube wenyama yehagu kunye ne-scraps yenkomo, kunye neenxalenye zenkukhu ezicutshungulwayo, i-flavourings, isitashi, isiraphu yengqolowa kunye namanzi. Ukunika izinja ezishushu i-pink hue kunye nenkangeleko entsha, i-nitrite ye-sodium yongezwa, nangona idibaniswe nomngcipheko womhlaza ngabanye bezondlo, njengoko kuphawulwe ngu-Aprili Benshosan.
I-Benshosan ihlola izongezo ezingaqhelekanga kwizinja ezishushu. Ezi ziquka izinto ezigcina i-preservatives ezifana ne-potassium lactate kunye ne-sodium diacetate. Ukongeza, izinja ezishushu zinokuqulatha i-sorbitol, utywala obuneswekile eyaziwa ngokubangela igesi, i-sodium phosphate ukugcina ukufuma, kunye neprotein ye-hydrolyzed corn, eyenza incasa efana ne-MSG.
Ubushushu bokupheka bezinja ezishushu eziqulethe i-nitrites bubalulekile, njengoko buchaphazela ikhonkco labo elinokubakho kumhlaza. Ngelixa i-nitrite ye-sodium inceda ukugcina umbala okhangayo wezinja ezishushu, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele iinkxalabo zayo zempilo.
Ngokubanzi, izinja ezishushu zifumana inkqubo enzima yokudibanisa ebandakanya izithako ezahlukeneyo, ezinye zazo ezinokuphakamisa ukuqwalaselwa kwempilo.
Ukufakela iiCasings
Inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya ukutyhala ngokuzenzekelayo incama yenyama kwityhubhu ecacileyo, efana nekawusi eyenziwe ngeselulosi, ekhangeleka ngathi yifilimu yeplastiki. Ngelixa i-casings yayisetyenziselwa ukuyilwa ukusuka kumathumbu esilwanyana sokwenyani, uninzi lwezinja ezishushu kule mihla azinalusu kwimeko yazo egqityiweyo.
Kwinkqubo yokugxumeka, i-paste yenyama ifakwe ngokucokisekileyo kula ma-casings, ukunika izinja ezishushu ukumila kwazo okwahlukileyo. Ezi casings zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imveliso yokugqibela, inceda ukuba ibambe isimo sayo ngexesha lokupheka. Ngelixa ii-casings zemveli ezenziwe kumathumbu ezilwanyana zaziqhelekile, iindlela zale mihla zihlala zisebenzisa izinto zokwenziwa ezifana neselulosi.
Izinja ezishushu ezingenasikhumba ziye zaxhaphaka kakhulu ngenxa yokulula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokuvelisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-cellulose casings akugcini nje ukwenza lula ukuveliswa kodwa kuhlangabezana nezinto ezikhethwa ngabathengi abakhetha ukuthungwa okugudileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuziqhelanisa nokuzalisa ii-casings ngentlama yenyama kuye kwavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, kugxilwe ngoku kwimveliso esebenzayo kunye nokuhlangabezana neencasa eziguqukayo zabathengi.
Pheka iiHot Dogs
Ukupheka izinja ezishushu, landela la manyathelo alula. Qala ngokubilisa i-frankfurters kwii-casings zabo, kwaye emva koko ubanike ngokukhawuleza ukuhlamba ngamanzi. Nangona kuphekwe kwangaphambili, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bashushu de "bashushu" kukhuseleko lokutya, ngokutsho kwewebhusayithi ye-USDA.
Ukulungiselela izinja zakho ezishushu, okokuqala, yizisa imbiza yamanzi kwi-thumba. Beka izinja ezishushu emanzini abilayo, zisekwi-casings yazo, kwaye zivumele ukuba zipheke imizuzu embalwa. Emva kokuba zenziwe, zisuse kwaye uhlambulule ngokufutshane ngamanzi.
Nangona izinja ezishushu sele ziphekiwe phambi kokuba zipakishwe, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzifudumeze ngakumbi ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko. I-USDA icebisa ukuba ziqinisekise ukuba "ziyatshisa" ukuphelisa nayiphi na ibhaktheriya enokubakho. Eli nyathelo longezelelekileyo alinyusi ukhuseleko kuphela kodwa linegalelo kwincasa yeehot dogs.
Khumbula, imizuzu embalwa eyongezelelweyo yokufudumeza ingenza umahluko omkhulu kukhuseleko kunye nolonwabo lwamava akho enja eshushu.
Funda kwakhona: 12 Ukutya okuGqwesileyo kweSintu eOstreliya
Zipholise izinja ezishushu kwaye ukhuphe iiCasings ukuba ziyimfuneko
Emva kokupheka, izinja ezishushu zipholile kwindawo yokuhlambela amanzi, njengoko kuchazwe kwi-website ye-National Hot Dog kunye ne-Sausage Council. Ukususa ii-casings, i-automatic peeler isetyenziselwa ukuhluba isigqubuthelo seselulosi kwizinja ezishushu.
Kwinkqubo yokwenza izinja ezishushu, kubalulekile ukuzipholisa emva kokupheka. Oku kwenziwa ngokuwabeka kwishawa yamanzi, njengoko kucetyisiwe yi I-Hot Dog yeSizwe kunye neBhunga leSoseji. Nje ukuba ipholile, i-automatic peeler iyaqeshwa ukususa ngokulula i-cellulose casings kwizinja ezishushu. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba imveliso yokugqibela ikulungele ukonwatyiswa ngaphandle kokugqunywa okungafunwayo.
Inkqubo esebenzayo yokuPakisha yokuSasazwa kweeNja ezishushu
Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela izinja ezishushu ukuze zisasazwe, uviwo olucokisekileyo lwenzeka, kwaye emva koko batywinwe kwiipakethe zeplastiki ezingenamoya zisebenzisa amabhanti okuhambisa kunye noomatshini bokupakisha obukhethekileyo. Yonke le nkqubo yenzeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba izinja ezishushu ziqale ziqale ukucheba inyama.
Kungekudala emva kokuhlolwa kunye nokutywinwa, izinja ezishushu zifakwa kwiibhokisi. Ezi bhokisi ke zilayishwa kwii-coolers zokugcina kunye neelori ezifakwe efrijini kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba izinja ezishushu zihlala zintsha kwaye zilungele ukuhanjiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamabhanti okuhambisa kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni le nkqubo yokupakisha isebenze kakuhle. Ukususela ekubeni yinyama yokucheba ekuqaleni, izinja ezishushu zihamba uluhlu lwamanyathelo, zifikelela ekubekweni kwazo kwiibhokisi kunye nokudluliselwa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokugcina efrijini. Oku kupakishwa okucwangcisiweyo kuqinisekisa ukuba izinja ezishushu zigcina umgangatho wazo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuhambisa.
Shiya iMpendulo