Imisebenzi yobunjineli yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo imisebenzi ehlabathini. Bobabini abafundi basekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ixesha elininzi babhidekile malunga neentlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli kunye naleyo banokukhetha kuyo.
Njengomfundi oza kuba ngumfundi wobunjineli, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi iinkcukacha kunye neentlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli. Ukudlala indlela yobuNjineli kukhokelela kumathuba amaninzi emisebenzi kunye nezinto ezikhethekileyo.
Hlala Iqela Elinolwazi luneenkcukacha zoluhlu lweentlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli kulo mxholo kunye neyona ndawo ihlawulwa kakhulu yobunjineli ngo-2024. Ngobuchule ngamnye, sijonga inkcazo kunye nendlela yokuba yinjineli kuloo nto. icandelo lobunjineli, kwaye siyathemba ukuba kuya kuba luncedo kuwe ukugqiba ukuba umsebenzi ulungile okanye awufanelekanga kuwe.
Lo mxholo uya kujongana nala manqaku alandelayo afana nelona liphezulu intlawulo yunjineli kwaye uphendula le mibuzo ilandelayo:
- Yintoni ubunjineli?
- Ngowuphi owona Mmandla ungcono kubuNjineli?
- Yeyiphi eyona Ndlela yoMsebenzi yobuNjineli eQina?
- Yeyiphi eyona njineli ilula?
- Leliphi icandelo lobunjineli elihlawulwa kakhulu?
- Iindidi zemiSebenzi yobuNjineli
Funda kwakhona: Inkcazo yomsebenzi wobuNjineli boomatshini, uMvuzo, iiMfuno ngo-2024
Yintoni ubuNjineli?
Ukusetyenziswa okucwangcisiweyo kwemigaqo yenzululwazi ukuyila, nokuphuhlisa oomatshini, izixhobo, izakhiwo okanye iinkqubo zokuvelisa, okanye imisebenzi ezisebenzisa zona zodwa okanye zidibanise; okanye ukwakha okanye ukusebenza okufanayo ngolwazi olupheleleyo loyilo lwayo; okanye ukubikezela ukuziphatha kwabo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokusebenza - yonke into enxulumene nomsebenzi olindelekileyo, uqoqosho lokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lobomi kunye nepropati kubhekiselwa kuyo njengobunjineli.
Kukho iintlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli ekuye kwaxoxwa ngayo kweli nqaku.
Ngowuphi owona Mmandla woBunjineli uPhakamileyo?
Kufunyaniswe ukuba eyona ndawo ihlawulwa kakhulu yobunjineli bubunjineli bepetroleum, apho iinjineli kweli candelo zigodukela ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeedola. Njengoko unokuba uqikelele kwigama, iinjineli zepetroleum zijonga iidiphozithi zeoyile zendalo kwaye zincede ukuzibuyisela.
Ukuba ufuna ukufunda olu hlobo lobunjineli, hlala ukhumbula ukuba ufuna ulwazi lwekhemistri, izibalo, kunye nejoloji. Nangona kunjalo, njengeyona ndawo ihlawulwa kakhulu yobunjineli, umndilili womvuzo wonyaka wenkampani yepetroleum ungaphezulu kokwaneleyo ukuthethelela utyalo-mali lobukrelekrele. Kwangaxeshanye, kulucelomngeni lokwenene.
Ubunjineli beNyukliya kunye nobuNjineli beMichiza zezona nkalo zilandelayo zobunjineli zihlawulwa kakhulu kunye nemisebenzi ezisa ekhaya i-$67,000 yonyaka - $118,000 kunye ne-$65,000 - $116,000 ngokulandelelanayo.
Funda kwakhona: Imisebenzi engadingi isidanga saseKholeji
Ngowuphi owona Mmandla ubalaseleyo kubuNjineli?
Abafundi abaninzi bangakhetha eyona ndawo ihlawulwa kakhulu yobunjineli njengeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo yobunjineli. Kuba ukuchaza elona nqanaba lobunjineli lixhomekeke kwaye ixesha elininzi liya kuncitshiswa kumdla wendalo womfundi.
Abanye bajonga isidanga sobunjineli ngeyona mbono ilungileyo yekamva: ngezantsi sichaza imbono yethu. Abanye bajonga eyona nto ibanelisa kakhulu, eyona ihlawula kakhulu, okanye eyona mingeni.
Phantse zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli kunye needigri zingumngeni, kwaye zininzi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeedigri zobunjineli kangangokuba unokufumana ngokuqinisekileyo indawo eya kukhokelela kulwaneliseko lobuchwephesha.
Oku kunokuba phantsi kolwakhiwo, kwimeko apho isidanga sobuNjineli boLuntu kunye nekhondo lomsebenzi inokuba lelona digri yobunjineli kuwe.
Ngokufanayo, ukuba uziva usondelelene neengxaki zokusingqongileyo, ke isidanga kubuNjineli beNdalo inokuba sesona sidanga sifanelekileyo sobunjineli kuwe. Kukho nombuzo womvuzo, odlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwaneliseni umsebenzi.
Ngale nto engqondweni, sidwelise apha ngezantsi ezinye "zezona ndlela zingcono" ezisekwe kwizihloko ezithile ezifana namathuba emisebenzi, umvuzo onokuthi ubekho kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, izidanga zobunjineli ezibonelela ngesona khono sikhulu sekamva, kuba le yeyona nto iphambili ekuqwalaselweni kwayo. nabani na olinganisela ukhetho lwabo lomsebenzi.
Yintoni eyona Njineli iQinisayo?
- Injineli yombane
- LwePetroleum Engineering
- Yobunjineli bemichiza
- Ubunjineli bendalo
- Imekhenikhali yenjineri
- Ubunjineli bokwenza
- Injineri yezendlela
- Ubunjineli bezobugcisa
Intsimi yobunjineli ehlawulwa kakhulu isenokungabi yeyona nto inzima yobunjineli. Ngokungafunekiyo ukuthetha, ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzima ngakumbi, kufuneka sisebenzise idatha kwezi ngcali.
Kumsebenzi wethu, siya kusebenzisa ulwazi lweReddit: le yiwebhusayithi yoluntu yabafundi bobunjineli kunye nabafundi abalindelekileyo abafuna ukuhamba ngekhondo lobunjineli.
Siyazi ukuba kuphela ngabafundi ngokwabo abanokwaziswa malunga nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezizodwa kunye nobunzima abahlangabezana nabo ngelixa befunda.
Sifuna ukuqaphela ukuba ukuthelekisa amakhondo emisebenzi ayingomsebenzi ekufuneka ubandakanyeke kakhulu kuwo. Kunzima ukuthelekisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba i-specialty nganye yahlukile ngandlela ithile. Ngoko ke, ezi zinto azinakuthelekiswa kakhulu.
Kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba ikholeji nganye kunye neyunivesithi inokuba nolwahlulo lwayo lobunjineli olunzima ngakumbi. Kuyafana nangabafundi: umntu oyithiyileyo isayensi yekhompyuter, angakhwaza esithi ubunjineli bekhompyuter yeyona nto inzima kweli hlabathi, ngelixa omnye umntu enokucinga ukuba le yeyona nto ilula akhe weva ngayo. Yiyo loo nto wonke umfundi enokwenza uluhlu lwabo olulodwa lobunzima ngakumbi kunye nobungcali obulula.
Sonke sinezakhono ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule, yiyo loo nto izinto ezibonakala zinzima komnye umntu zinokubonakala zilula komnye.
Uluhlu lwe-10 enzima kakhulu ngokweReddit
Ngokutsho koluntu oludumileyo lwe-intanethi; Reddit, ngezantsi kukho uluhlu lwezona majors zinzima kwicandelo lobunjineli.
Injineli yombane:
Eli candelo lithathwa njengelona nqanaba linzima leyunivesithi emhlabeni ngokoluvo lwabasebenzisi beReddit.
Abafundi beli nqanaba likhethekileyo kufuneka bafunde i-electronics, i-electromagnetic, iinkqubo zokulawula, unxibelelwano olungenacingo, ukugquma kombane, njl.
Ubunjineli bePetroleum:
Abafundi bachaza obu buchwephesha njengento enzima kakhulu ukuyifumana, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba iingcali zexesha elizayo kufuneka zifunde i-geology, ubunjineli obusisiseko kunye ne-thermodynamics. Injineli yeoli ihlola, ikhuphe kwaye ivelise ioli, kwaye ikwathatha inxaxheba ekuvelisweni kwerhasi.
Ubunjineli beMichiza:
Olu lweentlobo zobunjineli bemisebenzi yobunjineli ebandakanya amacandelo anjengekhemistri (ifiziksi, i-organic kunye ne-biochemistry), imizobo yobunjineli, ifiziksi, kunye nejometri. Le yintsimi elungileyo kubafundi abathanda ikhemistri kwaye bafuna ukusebenza kwimveliso.
Kukho amathuba amaninzi omsebenzi wexesha elizayo, kodwa sincoma ukuba ukhethe esi sikhundla kuphela ukuba izakhono zakho zekhemistri zingaphezulu kwenqanaba eliphakathi.
Ubunjineli be-Aerospace:
Abafundi abakobu bukhethekileyo bafunda izibalo ezininzi, i-aerodynamics, iinjini, ulawulo lwenqwelomoya, njl.njl. Ukuba uphuphe ubomi bakho bonke ukuba usebenze kwiindawo ezinjengeBoeing kunye neNASA, le yenzelwe wena kanye! Kodwa qaphela ukuba awunamdla kwiziphekepheke nakwiinqwelomoya kuphela kodwa unolwazi oluluqilima lwemathematika kunye nefiziksi.
Imekhenikhali yenjineri:
Uya kufunda izifundo ezifunekayo ezifana ne-biotechnology, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, i-fluid dynamics, i-thermodynamics, i-robotics, njl. Lo msebenzi ufuna izakhono ezilungileyo zobugcisa kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.
Zininzi iindlela zokuphuhlisa umsebenzi wakho wexesha elizayo: uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweeinjini zegesi, iijeneretha zamandla, izixhobo zamandla kunye nabanye oomatshini abasebenza ngamandla.
Ubunjineli beKhompyutha:
Oku kuthathwa njengeyesithandathu eyona nto inzima kwezobunjineli. Abafundi kuluntu lwaseReddit bathi le yeyona nto idumileyo kwabo banomdla wokufunda ngendlela ezisebenza ngayo iikhompyuter. Olu buchule lufuna ukufunda izifundo ezifana nesayensi yekhompyuter, imathematika kunye nefiziksi.
Ngexesha lokufunda, uya kuthatha inxaxheba kwiirobhothi ezininzi, itekhnoloji yewebhu kunye neeprojekthi zokhuseleko lwekhompyuter. Eyona njongo yale ngcaphephe kukuyila nokuphuhlisa isoftware kunye nehardware yeekhompyuter.
Injineri yezendlela:
Abafundi kulo mmandla bafunda izibalo, isayensi yekhompyutha, i-chemistry economics, njl. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphuhlisa ikhondo lakho elizayo ngolu hlobo: ungasebenza kwezothutho, i-geotechnical, amanzi amdaka, i-structural, kunye ne-construction spheres.
Uyakwazi ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo yokwakha iitonela, izakhiwo, iindlela, iibhulorho, njl. Oku kufuna ukusebenza ngamaqela kunye nokufumana izisombululo ezifanelekileyo.
Ubunjineli boYilo:
Le yinto ekhethekileyo enomdla apho abafundi bafunda ukucwangcisa, ukuyila kunye nokwakha izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo. Izifundo eziphambili apha zizijikelezo zombane, ubuchwephesha be-fluid, i-physics yobunjineli, uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo, njl.
Icandelo Lobunjineli:
Eli candelo lifuna ukufundela izifundo ezifana nezoshishino, imathematika, isayensi, isayikholoji, njl njl. Iingcali ezinjalo zivelisa iingcamango ezintsha malunga nokuphucula izibhedlele, iifektri kunye neminye imibutho emininzi.
Abafundi bolu qeqesho kufuneka babhale inani elikhulu lezifundo zezifundo kwaye baqhube uphando kunye neengxelo.
Yintoni eyona Njineli iLula?
Ikhondo lobunjineli alikho lula kwaphela. Abantu abaninzi baphikisa ngelithi, nangona isajongwa njengocelomngeni kakhulu, ubunjineli boLuntu sesona sidanga silula sobunjineli ukusifumana, kodwa leyo yinxalenye yebali kuphela.
Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu banye banokuyithatha njengenye yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu ukukhetha umsebenzi kuba iimfuno kunye namanqanaba oxanduva anokodlula kakhulu eminye imisebenzi.
Umzekelo, injineli yezokwakha inokuba noxanduva lweeprojekthi ezinohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu kakhulu kunye nemiqobo yexesha (umzekelo, ishishini lokwakha) apho uxinzelelo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokungxamiseka kwamkelwe njengenxalenye yomsebenzi.
Gcina ukhumbula ukuba uninzi lweekontraka zokwakha eziphambili zisebenza kwimida encinci njenge-1%.
Oku kusalingana nenzuzo enkulu ngenxa yemali eninzi ebandakanyeka kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha, ezifana nezakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakamileyo kunye neeprojekthi zorhwebo ezinkulu.
Ukuba umsebenzi awuhambi kakuhle kwaye ulibaziseke, oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nelahleko enkulu yemali kumakhi osoloko eqesha injineli yezokwakha kwaye asebenze ngokusondeleyo nabo rhoqo ukuze baqhubele phambili ukubuyisela umsebenzi kwicala elifanelekileyo.
Iindidi zemiSebenzi yobuNjineli
Isidanga sobunjineli linyathelo lokuqala elisingise kwikhondo lomsebenzi elizayo lokufumanisa, ukuyila kunye nokuyila. Ungasondela kwinqanaba lobunjineli ukusuka kwii-engile ezahlukeneyo zemfundo. Nxulumanisa, ii-bachelor's kunye ne-master's degrees zizo zonke iinketho zabo banqwenela ukufunda ngobunjineli.
Nangona kunjalo, olona hlobo lobunjineli luya kuyalela ngamandla inqanaba lemfundo ekufuneka ifunyenwe kunye nobude besifundo sokuqalisa umsebenzi.
Indlela yobuNjineli beAerospace
Le ndlela yobunjineli inika umngeni izikhundla kunye namathuba obuchule kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Xa uthatha isigqibo sokulandela umsebenzi wobunjineli, umntu kufuneka akhethe phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli bobunjineli, obunje nge-aerospace, ubunjineli boluntu, umbane kunye nobunjineli bemichiza. Ubunjineli bobunjineli be-aerospace bubonisa imisebenzi ephuma ngokoqobo kweli hlabathi.
Indlela yokuba yiNjineli yeAerospace
Ukuze ube yinjineli ye-aerospace, umntu kufuneka afumane isidanga sobunjineli kwiyunivesithi evunyiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeenkqubo zesidanga se-aerospace ezifumanekayo, ezibandakanya isidanga sokuqala, isidanga kunye neenkqubo zobugqirha.
Ukuze usebenze njengenjineli ye-aerospace ekumgangatho osezantsi, umntu kufuneka aqale ngokufumana isidanga saseyunivesithi kubunjineli be-aerospace.
IYunivesithi yase-Embry-Riddle Aeronautical ngumzekelo wesikolo esinemfundo ephakamileyo esinika izidanga zaseyunivesithi kubunjineli be-aerospace. Njengoko igama lisitsho, inkqubo yesidanga se-Embry-Riddle igxile kwinqwelomoya hayi kwiziphekepheke.
Kubafundi basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukuhamba indlela yobunjineli be-Aerospace, iYunivesithi yaseSouthern California ikwabonelela ngeenkqubo zesidanga esiphezulu kubunjineli be-aerospace, kwaye izifundo zayo zesidanga sokuqala zibandakanya izifundo zasemoyeni nezendawo.
Iinjineli ze-aerospace zikhangela inzuzo yobungcali zihlala ziqalisa izifundo zasemva kwesidanga kunye nezifundo zobugqirha. Iziko laseGeorgia leTekhnoloji kunye neYunivesithi yaseWichita State ineeprogram ezimbini eziphambili zobunjineli be-aerospace yobunjineli kweli lizwe; IYunivesithi yaseWichita State ikwadume ngenani leemali zophando ezizigcinele abafundi abaphumeleleyo, abagqatswa bobugqirha kunye neenjingalwazi.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli beBiomedical
Iinjineli zeBiomedical zisebenza ngomxube webhayoloji, amayeza kunye nobunjineli. Baqeqeshelwa ukuphanda baze bayile izisombululo eziza kuphucula ukhathalelo lwezigulane. Ngabachwephesha abasemva kwezixhobo zonyango ezintsonkothileyo ezinje ngee-MRIs kunye noomatshini botyando be-microscopic.
Ubunjineli beBiomedical lolunye lweentlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli efuna ukuba iinjineli zibe noxanduva lophando kunye nophuhliso lwezinto ezintsha zonyango ezifana namalungu okwenziwa kunye neeprostheses.
Iinjineli zeBiomedical zifakela, zigcine kwaye zilungise okanye zibonelele ngenkxaso yobugcisa koomatshini bezonyango kunye nezixhobo. Baqinisekisa ukuba bahlala besebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye abayi kubeka engozini ubomi bezigulane.
Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenza kunye noososayensi bezonyango, izazinzulu zobomi kunye neekhemisti. Bathatha inxaxheba kuphando ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza izixhobo biomedical. Iinjineli zeBiomedical zikwaqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi abaphethe umatshini bayayazi indlela yokuwusebenzisa nokuwunyamekela.
Ungaba njani yiNjineli yeBiomedical
Iinjineli zeBiomedical kufuneka zigqibe isidanga seminyaka emine kubunjineli bebhayomedical. Enye indlela kukufumana isidanga se-bachelor kwenye indawo yobunjineli kwaye ufumane isidanga sobunjineli bebhayoloji. Basenokufumana umsebenzi ngokuqeqeshelwa intsimi.
Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba babhalisa kuphela kwiiprogram ezivunyiweyo ze-ABET. Olu hlobo lwekhondo lobunjineli alufundwa kwiiyunivesithi ezininzi, ngenxa yendlela ephucuke ngayo. Kodwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobunjineli kwaye yenye yezona ndawo zihlawulwa kakhulu zobunjineli.
Abafundi abanomdla wobunjineli bebhayoloji banokuqala ukulungiselela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kufuneka bathathe izifundo zezibalo nezenzululwazi kangangoko, njengecalculus, fiziksi, ikhemistri kunye nebhayoloji.
Iikhosi zokuzoba ngoomatshini, ukuzoba kunye nenkqubo yekhompyuter nazo zibalulekile. Iinkqubo ze-ABET zikwabandakanya ama-internship kunye namaqumrhu.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli beMichiza
Iinjineli zemichiza zisebenzisa ulwazi lwazo lwendalo ebonakalayo ukuze ekugqibeleni ziphembelele intsebenziswano yee-athomu kunye neemolekyuli.
Iitalente zakhe zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zamva nje kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi, kubandakanya i-nanotechnology, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nekhompyuter.
Rhoqo ukusebenza kunye nezinye iinjineli kumaqela ahlukeneyo oluntu ukusombulula ezona ngxaki zinkulu zoluntu, kuqinisekisiwe ukuba iinjineli zemichiza ziya kuhlala ziziinkokeli eziphambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuchuma kwethu kwikamva, nokuba kukule planethi okanye kwenye.
Kwiirekhodi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba imisebenzi yobunjineli beekhemikhali yenye yeendawo zobunjineli ezihlawulwa kakhulu.
Indlela yokuba yiNjineli yeMichiza
Inkqubo yokufumana isidanga kubunjineli bemichiza kunye nokuba yinjineli yeekhemikhali ibukhali kakhulu kwezinye iindawo.
Inkqubo yobunjineli beekhemikhali kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley (ithathwa phakathi kwamaziko angcono kakhulu obunjineli beekhemikhali ngokutsho usnews.com) untywilisela abafundi kwimathematika kunye nenzululwazi yendalo (ifiziksi nekhemistri, ngokukodwa) kwiminyaka yabo emibini yokuqala aze ke afundise abo bafundi ekusebenziseni imathematika kunye nesayensi yendalo kwiminyaka yabo emibini yokugqibela.
Amaziko amaninzi abonelela ngeenkqubo zemfundo yentsebenziswano. Ngokufana ne-internship, ezi nkqubo zivumela abafundi ukuba bafumane iikhredithi zesidanga sabo ngokusebenza kwiprojekthi kunye neenjineli eziqeqeshiweyo eziqeshwe yinkampani exhasayo.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli boLuntu
Le id yenye yezona ntlobo zidumileyo zemisebenzi yobunjineli, kwaye igxile kuyilo nolwakhiwo lweendlela, iibhulorho, izakhiwo kunye neenkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi.
Wongamela aze alathise amaqela okwakha aze asebenze nezinye iinjineli. Kwamanye amazwe, ubunjineli bobuNjineli yenye yezona ndawo zihlawulwa kakhulu zobunjineli kunye nemisebenzi.
Ezi ngcali ziqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo ngasinye esakhiweyo siyahambelana nokusingqongileyo kwaye sinokumelana neenyikima kunye nezivunguvungu. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kwiindawo apho ezi ntlekele zemvelo zidla ngokuhlasela.
Iinjineli zakwaCivil zisebenza apho kuyimfuneko ukwandisa izakhiwo okanye iinkqubo zothutho kunye nobunjineli be-geotechnical. Bakwanazo nezikhundla zolawulo nezokusuphavayiza.
Indlela yokuba yiNjineli yoLuntu
Abafake izicelo kubunjineli boluntu kufuneka bagqibe isidanga sobunjineli boluntu okanye ubuchwephesha obunxulumeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba babhalisa kuphela kwiinkqubo eziqinisekisiweyo ngu-ABET (iBhodi yezoBunjineli kunye neTekhnoloji yokuVumela).
Oku kubalulekile ukuze ulungele ukufumana iphepha-mvume. Isidanga se-bachelor sithatha iminyaka emine ukuyigqiba. Ibandakanya izifundo ezifana nobuchwephesha bobunjineli, imathematika, izibalo kunye ne-fluid dynamics.
Abafundi bobunjineli boluntu banokusebenza ngokukhethekileyo kwimimandla efana nobunjineli be-geotechnical egxile ngakumbi kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo, ubunjineli bolwakhiwo lwamadama neebhulorho, nobunjineli bezothutho kwizitalato, iindlela kunye neenkqubo zemihla ngemihla.
Emva kokugqiba isidanga se-bachelor's, abafundi abaphumelele ubunjineli boluntu kufuneka bathathe uViwo olusisiseko soBunjineli oluya kuthi lubanike isihloko sobuNjineli boQeqesho okanye i-Civil Engineering Intern ukuba baphumelele.
Kuxhomekeka kurhulumente, banokufuna ukuba baphumelele iimviwo ezininzi, bafumane uqeqesho kwaye bahlangabezane nezinye iimfuno ukuze bafaneleke ukuba yingcali ye-EC.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli beKhompyutha
Iinjineli zekhompyuter ziphuhlisa kwaye ziphucule isoftware kunye neenkqubo zehardware ezenza iikhompyuter zisebenze. Iinjineli zekhompyuter zinokwenza isoftware okanye ihardware. Ubunjineli beKhompyutha luhlobo lomsebenzi wobunjineli othathwa njengelona candelo lintsonkothileyo lobunjineli.
Ukusuka kwisoftware ye-OS, njengeWindows kunye neLinux, ukuya kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter nganye, njengePhotoshop kunye neOfisi yeMicrosoft, iinjineli zesoftware zijika izitaki zehardware zibe ziikhompyuter ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Iinjineli ze-Hardware ziphuhlisa izixhobo zekhompyuter, kubandakanya iibhodi zoomama, iigraphics kunye namakhadi omsindo, kunye neeyunithi ezihlelwa ziinjineli zesoftware.
Ungaba njani yiNjineli yekhompyuter
Ukuze ube yinjineli yekhompyuter, kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokufumana isidanga kwisayensi yekhompyuter okanye enye indawo ehambelana ngokusondeleyo. Ngelixa ezinye iinjineli zekhompyuter zikwazi ukufunda izakhono abazifunayo ukuze baphumelele ngaphandle kwemfundo esemthethweni, uninzi lokhuphiswano lwabasebenzi lunezidanga zasekholejini.
Ukongeza kwimfundo esesikweni, iinjineli zekhompyuter ezinqwenelayo kufuneka zisebenzise ixesha labo lasimahla ukuhambisana neendlela zamva nje kunye notshintsho kuphuhliso lwesoftware kunye nehardware.
Ukuqhelana neenkqubo ezintsha zesoftware, iipetshi kunye neetshiphusi zekhompyuter kubalulekile kuba isiseko solwazi secandelo lobuNjineli beKhompyutha sihlala sivela ukuze sihambisane nobuchwepheshe obutsha.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli boMbane
Iinjineli zombane zigxile ekuboneleleni ngombane nasekuveliseni. Yila, uphuhlise, uvavanye kwaye ujonge ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zombane. Bakwaqeqeshelwe ukusingatha uxanduva olunjengokufakwa kweengcingo kunye nokukhanyisa kwizakhiwo, kwiimoto nakwiinqwelo-moya.
Into entle ngokuba yinjineli yombane kukuba olu qeqesho lubanzi kangangokuba abafundi abaphumeleleyo banokufumana umsebenzi kumashishini amaninzi awohlukeneyo, afana nokwakha, ukwenza kunye nokuyila.
Ukongeza, iinjineli zombane zinokuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nophando njengabancedisi kwizazinzulu kunye nezinye iinjineli. Iindidi ezininzi zezixhobo zombane, ukusuka kwisidlali somculo esiphathwayo ukuya kwizixhobo zeGPS, zidlula ezandleni zenjineli yombane.
Bacebisa iindlela zokusebenzisa amandla ombane ukusebenzisa imveliso ethile okanye ukuphucula imisebenzi yayo.
Phakathi kweyona misebenzi ingumngeni kwaye ifuna kakhulu iinjineli ze-elektroniki, namhlanje ngumsitho wezicwangciso zokwakha zeenkqubo zokukhanyisa zombane kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, ukucwangciswa, ukuyila kunye nokudibanisa iimoto zomdyarho ezilawulwa kude kunye netekhnoloji yokwakha kwiifektri ezinjengeerobhothi ezinokwenza ukuwelda. .
Indlela yokuba yiNjineli yoMbane
Kuthatha isidanga se-bachelor ukuze ube yinjineli yombane. Lo ngummandla wobuchule kwinkalo yobunjineli, kwaye ezi zihloko ziya kulungiselela umntu ngamnye kumsebenzi wenqanaba lokungena. Kubalulekile ukuqalisa ukufundela umsebenzi okhethwe kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.
Iinjineli zombane ezinomdla kufuneka zithathe izifundo zezibalo nezenzululwazi kangangoko, kubandakanywa ialgebra, icalculus kunye netrigonometry. Iikhosi zokubhala nazo zibalulekile. Oku kungenxa yokuba abafundi bobunjineli ngokubanzi kufuneka benze imizobo yobugcisa.
Izidanga ze-bachelor's zithatha iminyaka emine ukugqiba kwaye zibandakanya ilabhoratri, igumbi lokufundela kunye nomsebenzi wangaphandle.
Iinjineli zombane kusenokufuneka zifumane isidanga se-masters okanye ezinye izatifikethi zoqeqesho ukuze zilungele izithuba zophando. Kukho iinkqubo zeminyaka emihlanu ezibonelela nge-bachelor's kunye ne-master's degrees kunye. Kufuneka baphumelele uviwo lobuNjineli obuSisiseko ukuze bafumane ilayisenisi emva kwesidanga se-bachelor kunye noviwo lweMigaqo yobuNjineli kunye noQeqesho emva koqeqesho.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli beNdalo
Ubunjineli bokusingqongileyo sele buyindlela yobunjineli ebaluleke kakhulu kule mihla. Ngaphandle kwemigudu emikhulu nombono ongadinwayo weenjineli zemekobume zanamhlanje, umoya wangomso awuyi kubulondoloza ubomi, njengoko sisazi. Amanzi nomhlaba wethu awusayi kucoceka, neelwandle ziya kuba mdaka.
Iinjineli zokusingqongileyo zisebenzisa imigaqo yenzululwazi nobunjineli ukukhusela nokuphucula okusingqongileyo. Umoya, amanzi kunye nomgangatho womhlaba yeyona nto igxile kuyo. Bajonga izisombululo kwizifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi, ulawulo lwamanzi amdaka kunye nongcoliseko lomoya.
Basebenzela ukuphucula ukurisayikilisha, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma kunye nococeko lwemizi-mveliso. Bahlalutya iisampulu zomhlaba namanzi. Bayawuqonda umthetho njengoko usebenza kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Ezi njineli zijolise kwi-hydrology: imithombo yamanzi, izityalo zokunyanga / ukuyila kunye ne-bioremediation (ukucoca amanzi). Bagxininisa kwiingxaki zehlabathi, imvula eneasidi, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nezizathu zokuphela kweozone.
Badala ubuchwephesha bokucocwa komoya namanzi kunye nenkangeleko yemithombo yamandla ezinzileyo. Ukukhuselwa kwemitha kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kobuchwepheshe obutsha zezinye izinto eziphambili.
Indlela yokuba yiNjineli yokusiNgqongileyo
Izifundo zobunjineli bokusingqongileyo zinokukhokelela kwi-bachelor yesayensi (BS), isidanga se-master (MS kunye ne-M.Eng.), kunye ne-PhD.
Ikharityhulamu eqinileyo inokubandakanya iikhosi ezibanzi kwinkalo yobunjineli, efana nobunjineli bokwakha, iikhosi zokugxila kwizakhono ezongezelelweyo zobunjineli bokusingqongileyo, ikhosi yesayensi eyandisa ulwazi lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nekhosi yoyilo. I-BS sisidanga seminyaka emi-4, kwaye izidanga zinokongeza iinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5 yezifundo ezongezelelweyo.
Izifundo zesidanga sokuqala zibonelela abafundi ngezakhono eziphucukileyo zokusombulula iingxaki ezikhoyo zokusingqongileyo kwaye baphephe ukudala ngakumbi. Abafundi bafumana amava asebenzayo kuqeqesho lwelabhoratri ebonakalayo kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwaye baqhube uphando ngeengxaki zokusingqongileyo.
Imisebenzi yobunjineli boomatshini
Imisebenzi yobunjineli boomatshini ijongene nentshukumo, amandla kunye nokomelela. Umntu ofunde ubunjineli bomatshini ufuna ukulawula ezi zinto ngokuqesha indibaniselwano yezinto ezifanelekileyo, kubandakanywa, izibonelelo zoluntu kunye nezoqoqosho ukuphuhlisa izisombululo zoomatshini ezinceda ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kunye neminqweno yoluntu.
Indlela yokuba yinjineli yoomatshini
Ikhondo lobunjineli boomatshini lelinye lawona macandelo aziwayo kwaye ahlawula kakhulu ubunjineli.
Uninzi lweenjineli zoomatshini kufuneka zigqibe isidanga kubunjineli boomatshini. Kwinqanaba leyunivesithi, iingcali zobunjineli boomatshini zithatha izifundo kwimathematika ephucukileyo, icalculus, ikhemistri kunye nefiziksi. Emva kokugqiba ezi khosi zisisiseko, abafundi bathatha izifundo zobunjineli kwezi:
- ZeZayensi zoLwazi
- Iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwemveliso
- Ithermodynamics
- Ukutshintsha kweHlabathi
- Ulwelo lweDynamics
- Uyilo loomatshini kunye nolwakhiwo
- IKinematics kunye neDynamics yoomatshini
- Izixhobo kunye noLawulo
- Inkqubo yekhompyuter ephezulu
Abafundi kufuneka bazame ukufumana i-internship yobunjineli ehlawulwayo okanye engahlawulwanga. I-internship inokunceda umfundi aqonde "ihlabathi lokwenyani" lobunjineli kwaye asebenzise ithiyori kunye nemigaqo efundiswa kwigumbi lokufundela.
I-internship inokunceda umfundi ukuba abone izinto abazithandayo, amandla kunye nobuthathaka
Kwakhona, kuba izakhono zonxibelelwano zomlomo nezibhaliweyo zibalulekile kumsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini, umfundi akufuneki abutyeshele ubugcisa benkululeko kunye nobuntu.
Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso eziqeshe iinjineli zoomatshini zezamazwe ngamazwe, ulwimi lwesibini lunokuba luncedo.
ImiSebenzi yobuNjineli bePetroleum
Ikhondo lobunjineli bepetroleum lolunye lweentlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli efuna ukuba iinjineli zigxile ekuyilweni nasekuphuhliseni itekhnoloji kunye neendlela zokwemba umphezulu womhlaba ukukhupha ioli negesi. Bafumana iindlela zokufumana irhasi yendalo okanye i-oyile ekrwada emhlabeni. Ukongeza, iinjineli zeoyile ziphonononga kwaye zifumanisa iindlela ezintsha zokukhupha ioyile kunye negesi kumaqula amadala kwihlabathi liphela.
Oku kuthathwa njengeyona ndawo ihlawulwa kakhulu yobunjineli. Iinjineli ze-petroleum zihlala zisebenza kunye ne-geologists. Zombini ziyimfuneko entsimini.
Iinjineli zePetroleum zicwangcisa kwaye zongamele imisebenzi yokomba emva kokuba indawo yokomba enokubakho imisiwe. Baqinisekisa ukuba iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo zibonelela ngokufumana inzuzo ephezulu.
Indlela yokuba yiNjineli yePetroleum
Idigri kubunjineli bepetroleum iyafuneka ukuze ufumane indawo yenqanaba lokungena. Ubunjineli bepetroleum buphakathi kweendawo zobunjineli obukhethekileyo.
Iinkqubo zihlala zithatha iminyaka emine ukugqiba. Kukho iiyunivesithi ezibonelela ngeenkqubo zeminyaka emihlanu ezithi ngokuzenzekelayo zinike abafundi isidanga kwinqanaba le-master. Uninzi lwabaqeshi lukhetha abafaki-zicelo abanamava omsebenzi.
Ngale nto, kungcono ukuba abaphumeleleyo bafumane iikhredithi zemfundo kwiinkqubo zobunjineli zentsebenziswano ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo somsebenzi.
Abantu abafuna izikhundla eziphezulu kufuneka bagqibe uqeqesho kunye nemfundo eyongezelelweyo. E-USA, Abafundi kufuneka bafumane ilayisensi yokuba ziinjineli zobuchwephesha. Nje ukuba isidanga se-bachelor sigqityiwe, abafundi abaphumeleleyo banokuthatha uviwo lweeNzululwazi zobuNjineli.
Abadlula ngendlela baya kufumana iwonga lokuba ziiNjineli eziBaqeqeshwayo okanye iiNjineli eziBaqeqeshwayo. Ukugqiba esi sigaba kuya kukwenza ukufanelekele ukuthatha uviwo lweMigaqo yobuNjineli kunye nokuQeqesha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zikarhulumente, kusenokufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olungakumbi ukuze bagcine iphepha-mvume labo.
Inkqubo yobuNjineli beSoftware
Iinjineli zeSoftware ziingcali ezinoxanduva lokuvavanya, ukuyila, uphuhliso kunye nokugcinwa kwesoftware yorhwebo kunye neyomntu. Basebenzisa imigaqo yemathematika, ubunjineli kunye nesayensi yekhompyuter ekudalweni kwesoftware yolawulo.
Ezi ngcali zinoxanduva lokucwangcisa iikhompyuter ukuba zisebenze njengoko kufanele.
Iinjineli ezigxile kuphuhliso lwesoftware yeenkqubo zibandakanyeka ekudalweni kweenkqubo kunye nesoftware eyenza ukuba iikhompyuter zisebenze.
Ezi ikakhulu ziinkqubo zokusebenza zeekhompyuter ezisetyenziswa kushishino okanye ekhaya. Isoftware yokucwangcisa ibandakanya ukulungisa iimpazamo, ukugcinwa kunye nokuxhasa iinkqubo zekhompyuter.
Isoftware yesicelo ibandakanya kwaye ekugqibeleni ijongana noyilo lweenkqubo zekhompyuter kunye nokusetyenziswa. Oku kubandakanya abalungisi bamagama kunye nesoftware yorhwebo ethengiselwa abathengi.
Indlela yokuba yinjineli yesoftware
Ubunjineli beSoftware lolunye lweentlobo zemisebenzi yobunjineli eya kufuna ukuba abafaki-zicelo babe neseti yesakhono esikhethiweyo. Isakhono sokucwangcisa iikhomputha kunye nobuchule kwiinkqubo zekhompyutha kuyimfuneko efunekayo.
Ukucinga okubalulekileyo kubandakanyeka ngakumbi, kubandakanywa neendlela zokulawula kunye nolwazi olubanzi lobugcisa.
Ukufumana idigri kubunjineli besoftware yindawo elungileyo yokuqala ukuba uzimisele malunga nomsebenzi kweli candelo. Abo banemfundo efanelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkalo enxulumene nentsimi bakhethwa kakhulu ngabaqeshi. Kuluncedo kwisicelo somsebenzi ukubonisa inqanaba lobuchule kumgca wakho womsebenzi.
Olu luhlu lubandakanya ezinye zezihloko eziya kuba luncedo ekufumaneni izakhono kunye nolwazi oluyimfuneko kwikhondo lomsebenzi wobunjineli besoftware.
Shiya iMpendulo