Yintoni iNkcazelo yomsebenzi wobuNjineli booMatshini? Siyakuthembisa ngempendulo ecacileyo kulo mbuzo; uya kufumanisa uxanduva olungundoqo kunye nemivuzo yobunjineli boomatshini. Ekuphela kwento ekufuneka uyenzile kukufunda eli nqaku kude kube sekupheleni ukuze ukwazi ukufumana konke okufuneka ukwazi malunga neli candelo lobuchwephesha ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nomvuzo womsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini kunye neemfuno zesidanga.
Inkcazo yomsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini yenye yezona ndawo zibanzi kwicandelo lobunjineli. Umntu ophumelele isidanga kwinkalo yobunjineli beMechanical can ukwakha imisebenzi kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwaye enye yezona zinto zibangela umdla kwimisebenzi yokwakha ebaleni yimivuzo eza nobunjineli boomatshini.
Ukuze ube yinjineli yoomatshini, kukho ukuhonjiswa Iimfuno zesidanga soomatshini lowo kufuneka adibane phambi kokuba abhengezwe okanye amkelwe njengeNjineli yoBuchule.
Isishwankathelo soMmandla woBunjineli booMatshini kunye neNkcazelo yeMisebenzi
Ubunjineli boomatshini lelinye lawona macandelo adala kunye nelona libanzi lobunjineli, inkcazo yomsebenzi wawo ibandakanya ukudibanisa imigaqo yobunjineli bomzimba kunye nezibalo kunye nenzululwazi yemathiriyeli ukuyila, ukuhlalutya, ukuvelisa nokugcina iinkqubo zoomatshini. Lelinye lawona macandelo adala kwaye abanzi zobunjineli.
Intsimi yobunjineli bomatshini ifuna ukuqonda iindawo eziphambili zoomatshini, i-dynamics, i-thermodynamics, isayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kunye nombane. Ukongeza kule migaqo-siseko, iinjineli zoomatshini zisebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neComputer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), iComputer-Aided Design (CAD) kunye noLawulo lweMveliso yokuPhila kweMveliso ukuyila nokuhlalutya izityalo zokuvelisa, izixhobo zoshishino kunye noomatshini, iinkqubo zokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, ukuthutha. iinkqubo, iinqwelomoya, ijet skis, irobhothi, izixhobo zonyango, izixhobo nokunye.
Inkcazo yomsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini njengesebe letekhnoloji
Inkcazo yomsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini njengesebe letekhnoloji ibandakanya ukuyila, ukuveliswa kunye nokusebenza koomatshini.
Ubunjineli boomatshini babonakala njengentsimi ngexesha lenguqu kwezoshishino eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-18; nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwayo lubuyela emva kumawaka eminyaka kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, inkqubela phambili yefiziksi yakhokelela kuphuhliso lwenzululwazi yobunjineli boomatshini.
Ibala alikayeki ukuphuhlisa ukuhlanganisa inkqubela. Abafundi abanomdla kwiMisebenzi yobuNjineli booMatshini ngoku balandela uphuhliso kwimimandla efana nemathiriyeli edibeneyo, i-mechatronics kunye ne-nanotechnology.
Inkcazo yomsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iindawo zobunjineli
Ikwabandakanya ubunjineli be-aerospace, i-metallurgy, iteknoloji yokuvelisa, ubunjineli beekhemikhali, ubunjineli boluntu, ubunjineli bombane, ubunjineli boshishino, kunye nezinye iinkalo zobunjineli kwimiyinge eyahlukeneyo. Inkcazo yomsebenzi wobunjineli boomatshini ikwathetha ukuba banokusebenza kwicandelo lobunjineli bebhayoloji, ngakumbi kwimimandla yebiomechanics, iziganeko zothutho, i-bionanotechnology, i-biomechatronics, kunye nemodeli yeenkqubo zebhayoloji.
INkcazelo yeMisebenzi yobuNjineli boomatshini ngokubanzi
Inkcazo yomsebenzi weenjineli zoomatshini ibandakanya ukuphanda, ukuyila, ukuphuhlisa, ukwakha, kunye nokuvavanya izixhobo zoomatshini kunye ne-thermal, ezibandakanya izixhobo, iinjini kunye noomatshini.
Iinjineli zoomatshini zikholisa ukwenza oku kulandelayo:
- Hlalutya iingxaki ukufumanisa ukuba izixhobo zoomatshini kunye ne-thermal zinokunceda njani ukusombulula ingxaki.
- Uyilo okanye uhlengahlengiso lwezixhobo zoomatshini kunye ne-thermal ngokuhlalutya ngoncedo lwekhompyuter kunye nolwakhiwo.
- Phuhlisa kwaye uvavanye iiprototypes zezixhobo abaziyileyo. Hlalutya iziphumo zovavanyo kwaye utshintshe uyilo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Beka esweni inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesixhobo.
Iinjineli zoomatshini ziyila kwaye zibeke esweni ukwenziwa kweemveliso ezininzi, ukusuka kwizixhobo zonyango ukuya kwiibhetri ezintsha. Baphinda bayila oomatshini abavelisa amandla, abafana neejenereyitha zombane, iiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, iiinjini zomphunga nezegesi noomatshini abasebenzisa amandla, njengezinto zokupholisa nezomoya. ,
Njengezinye iinjineli, iinjineli zoomatshini zisebenzisa iikhompyuter ukwenza kunye nokuhlalutya uyilo, ukwenza ukulinganisa, kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza komatshini okunokwenzeka. Umdla wakho kulo naliphi na i-Mechanical Engineering Careers kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uzinze kwezi ndawo zikhankanywe ngasentla.
Iimfuno zesidanga sobuNjineli boBuchwephesha
Izidanga kwicandelo lobunjineli boomatshini zinikezelwa kwiikholeji ezahlukeneyo kunye neeyunivesithi kwihlabathi liphela. Iinkqubo zesidanga sobunjineli boomatshini zihlala zithatha iminyaka emine ukuya kwemihlanu yokufunda kwaye zikhokelela koku kulandelayo:
- Isidanga sobuNjineli (B.Eng. okanye BE)
- Isidanga seSayensi (B.Sc. okanye iBS)
- Isidanga sobuNjineli beNzululwazi (B.Sc.Eng.)
- Isidanga soBuchwepheshe (B.Tech.)
- Isidanga soBunjineli boomatshini (BME), okanye
- Isidanga seSayensi eSetyenzisiweyo (BASc.) isidanga, ngaphakathi okanye ngogxininiso kubunjineli boomatshini.
IiMfuno zesiDanga soBunjineli boomatshini eSpain, ePortugal, naseMzantsi Melika
ESpain, ePortugal nakwimimandla emininzi yoMzantsi Merika, apho kungekho BS okanye iB. Tech. Iinkqubo zamkelwe, igama elisemthethweni lesidanga yi "Mechanical Engineer" kwaye izifundo zisekelwe kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu yoqeqesho. E-Itali, ikhosi isekelwe kwiminyaka emihlanu yoqeqesho kunye nemfundo, kodwa ukuze ube yinjineli, kufuneka uphumelele uviwo lukarhulumente ekupheleni kwekhosi. EGrisi, umsebenzi wezifundo usekwe kwikharityhulam yeminyaka emihlanu kunye nemfuneko ye “diploma ithisisi”, apho “idiploma” endaweni ye-B.Sc.
EUnited States, ubunjineli boomatshini kwinqanaba labangekathweswa zidanga buvunyiwe yiBhodi yoBunjineli nobuChwephesha boBugcisa (ABET) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngeemfuno nemigangatho efanayo phakathi kweeyunivesithi neekholeji ezikwilizwe elimanyeneyo laseMelika. Iwebhusayithi ye-ABET idwelisa malunga nama-302 avunyiweyo, iinkqubo zobunjineli boomatshini ukusuka nge-11 kaMatshi ka-2014.
Iinkqubo zobunjineli boomatshini eKhanada zivunyiwe yiBhodi yeCanadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), kwaye uninzi lwamanye amazwe abonelela ngezidanga zobuNjineli aneebhodi ezivunyiweyo ezifanayo.
IiMfuno zesiDanga soBunjineli boomatshini eOstreliya
EOstreliya, iikhosi zobunjineli boomatshini zinikezelwa njengesidanga se-bachelor kubunjineli (ubunjineli bomatshini) okanye i-nomenclature efanayo, nangona kukho iingcali ezingakumbi nangakumbi.
Isidanga sithatha iminyaka emine yokufunda ngokusisigxina ukufezekisa. Ukuqinisekisa izidanga zobunjineli zoomatshini ezikumgangatho ophezulu, iiNjineli zaseOstreliya zivuma izidanga zobunjineli ezikhutshwe ziiyunivesithi zaseOstreliya phantsi kweSivumelwano saseWashington sehlabathi. Phambi kokuba kunikezelwe isidanga sobunjineli, umfundi kufuneka abe nobuncinci iinyanga ezi-3 zamava obuchwephesha kwiofisi yobunjineli. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zikwakho eMzantsi Afrika kwaye zibekwe esweni liBhunga lezoBunjineli laseMzantsi Afrika (ECSA).
IiMfuno zesiDanga soBunjineli boomatshini eIndiya naseNepal
EIndiya, kufuneka ube nesidanga sobunjineli esinje nge-B.Tech okanye i-BE, okanye idiploma yobunjineli okanye uthathe ikhosi kurhwebo lobunjineli njengefitter evela kwi-Industrial Training Institute (ITIs) ukuze ufumane “iSatifikethi soRhwebo se-ITI” kwaye kwangelo xesha linye kudlule uVavanyo lwezoRhwebo lwe-All India (AITT) kunye norhwebo lobunjineli oluququzelelwe liBhunga leSizwe loQeqesho loMsebenzi (NCVT) apho umntu anikezelwa "iSatifikethi soRhwebo seSizwe". Inkqubo efanayo ikho eNepal.
Ezinye iinjineli zoomatshini ziyaqhubeka ukufumana isidanga sokuqala, esinje:
- Mlawuli wezobunjineli
- Master of Technology
- Mfundisi weSayensi
- I-Master of Engineering Management (M.Eng.Mgt. okanye i-MEM)
- UGqirha wePhilosofi kubunjineli (Eng.D. okanye PhD)
Isidanga sobugqirha kwifilosofi sinecandelo elibalulekileyo lophando kwaye sihlala sithathwa njengendawo yokungena kwiziko lemfundo. Kwamanye amaziko, izifundo zobunjineli zikwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi kweenkosi kunye nezidanga zobugqirha.
Iinjineli zoomatshini zifuna isidanga se-bachelor. Njengomthetho, isidanga siyafuneka ukwenza uphando. Iinjineli zoomatshini ezithengisa iinkonzo esidlangalaleni kufuneka zivunywe kuwo onke amazwe nakwiSithili sase-Columbia.
IiMfuno zesiDanga sobuNjineli bobuLungisa ngokuBanzi
Phantse yonke imisebenzi yobunjineli boomatshini, okanye imisebenzi yenqanaba lokungena kunye nobuchwephesha kubunjineli boomatshini bafuna isidanga kubunjineli bomatshini okanye itekhnoloji yobunjineli bomatshini,
Iinkqubo zesidanga sobunjineli boomatshini ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka izifundo zemathematika, ifiziksi kunye nenzululwazi yobomi, kunye nezifundo zobunjineli kunye noyilo. Itekhnoloji yobunjineli boomatshini igxile kancinci kwithiyori nangaphezulu ekusebenziseni imigaqo yobugcisa. Iinkqubo zihlala zihlala iminyaka emi-4, kodwa abafundi abaninzi bafuna phakathi kwe-4 kunye ne-5 iminyaka ukugqiba isidanga sabo. Iinkqubo zobunjineli boomatshini zinokujolisa kwi-internship kunye nookopolotyeni ukulungiselela abafundi umsebenzi kwishishini.
Ezinye iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi zibonelela ngeenkqubo zeminyaka emi-5 ezivumela abafundi ukuba bafumane izidanga kunye nezidanga zenkosi. Ezinye izicwangciso zentsebenziswano kwiminyaka emi-5 okanye emi-6 zidibanisa ukufunda eklasini nomsebenzi owenziwayo ukuze abafundi bafumane amava axabisekileyo kwaye bafumane imali yokuxhasa inxalenye yezifundo zabo.
I-ABET iqinisekisa iinkqubo zobunjineli boomatshini kunye nobuchwephesha bobunjineli boomatshini. Uninzi lwabaqeshi lukhetha ukuqesha abafundi abasuka kwinkqubo evunyiweyo. Isidanga sobunjineli boomatshini kwinkqubo evunyiweyo ye-ABET idla ngokufuneka ukuba ube yinjineli yobuchwephesha abanelayisenisi, njengoko isisiseko sobunjineli beemfuno zobunjineli.
UMvuzo wobuNjineli boomatshini Ngokwelizwe
Ukugubungela iindawo kwihlabathi liphela, nanga amazwe asibhozo ekufuneka uwathathele ingqalelo, ngakumbi abo bafuna ukufunda kwindawo eqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kumzi-mveliso wobunjineli boomatshini. Nantsi inkcazo jikelele yendlela iinjineli zoomatshini ezisebenza kwaye zirhola kula mazwe alandelayo.
- I-Australia - umvuzo wobunjineli boomatshini e-Australia i-avareji ye-AU $72,124
- ECanada - eCanada, kumndilili weenjineli zoomatshini zifumana iidola ezingama-55,892 ngonyaka.
- IFransi- malunga nomvuzo wonyaka wama-40,225 yee-euro kwiinjineli zoomatshini eFransi.
- IJamani - iinjineli zoomatshini abasebenza eJamani bafumana umvuzo ophakathi wonyaka we-euro ezingama-44,000 ubuncinci iminyaka emibini yamava okusebenza.
- I-Italiya - ngokomndilili, iinjineli zoomatshini zihlawulwa i-31,386 yee-euro ngonyaka e-Itali.
- IJapan - lo msebenzi uhlawula ¥3,585,185 minyaka le kumndilili eJapan.
- I-United Kingdom-umndilili womvuzo wobunjineli boomatshini ngonyaka e-UK yi-£33,023.
- I-United States of America-i-US ibonelela ngeenjineli zoomatshini umvuzo wonyaka ophakathi kweedola ezingama-80,094.
Ewe kunjalo, le mivuzo yobunjineli boomatshini inokutshintsha nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kwesaziso, kwaye iinkampani ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngeMivuzo eyahlukileyo. Banokuba phezulu okanye ngaphantsi kunomvuzo wokwenene kwezinye iinkampani kwaye ngokwemiqathango ebekwe yinkampani entsha yekontraka. NjengeUnited States, bahlawula iinjineli zoomatshini umvuzo wonyaka ongama-85,880 eedola ngo-2017!
Ubunjineli boomatshini Imisebenzi kunye nomvuzo ngokwamava
Kwiinkampani ezininzi ezikwi-united states of America, iinjineli zoomatshini zihlawulwa ngokwexesha elingakanani zisebenza entsimini.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuba iinjineli zoomatshini abanamava angaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1 ziphela umyinge we-82,007 yeedola ngonyaka, ngelixa iinjineli ezineminyaka eyi-1 ukuya kwe-2 yamava omsebenzi endle ziqhubela phambili ukufumana malunga ne-82,601 yeedola; oku kuphantse kube yinto enye ngeenjineli zoomatshini ezine-3 ukuya kwiminyaka yamava omsebenzi.
Iinjineli zoomatshini abaneminyaka emi-6 ukuya kwe-9 yamava ebaleni bafumana malunga ne-113,737 yeedola, kwaye uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yamava endle, emva koko uya kufumana into ethile malunga ne-126,695 yeedola.
Shiya iMpendulo