Luyini ucwaningo lokubheka, yiziphi izibonelo, futhi kungani kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lokubheka?
Sizoxoxa ngocwaningo lokubheka kanye nezibonelo ezimbalwa eziye zenziwa ukuqapha ukuziphatha.
Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubandakanya ukuqapha ukuziphatha kwabantu noma izilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo. Isazi esidumile se-English primatologist. UDame Jane Morris Goodall uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ebuka izimfene e-Afrika.
Njengesazi esidumile se-English primatologist, abanye abacwaningi nabo babheka abantu endaweni yabo yemvelo. Isibonelo, umcwaningi wezemfundo uzobheka ekilasini ukuze aqonde kangcono ukuthi abafundi bafunda kanjani.
Luyini Ucwaningo Lokubheka?
Ucwaningo lokubheka lubandakanya ukuqapha isenzo sabantu noma izilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo. Iphinde ibhekisele ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa zezifundo ezingezona ezokuhlola lapho ukuziphatha kubonwa futhi kuqoshwe futhi.
Inhloso yocwaningo lokubheka ukuchaza okuguquguqukayo noma amaqoqo okuguquguquka. Ucwaningo lokubheka ngokuvamile luyenziwa ukuze kutholwe izici ezithile zomuntu noma iqembu.
Abacwaningi bangakwazi futhi ukwenza ucwaningo lokubheka ukuze babheke ukuziphatha kwezilwane zasendle.
Ngokuvamile, idatha eqoqwe ocwaningweni lokuhlola imvamisa iba ngobuningi.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Eziyi-10 Zenkinga Yomgibeli Wamahhala (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
Kungani Kwenziwa Ucwaningo Lokubheka?
Izazi ze-anthropologists kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ngokuvamile zenza ucwaningo lokubheka ngoba;
Izazi ze-anthropologists zivame ukufunda ngamasiko nabantu bomdabu ezindaweni ezikude. Abanye babantu bomdabu abangabodwa bahlala e-Amazon, e-Afrika Emaphakathi naseziqhingini eziningana zasePacific.
Ukuhlala wodwa kusho ukuthi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokubona ukuziphatha kwalaba bantu bomdabu ukuvakashela indawo yabo yemvelo.
Kuzazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, ukubheka ukuziphatha komuntu endaweni yaselabhorethri akuyona into engokwemvelo. Kuzwakala kungenangqondo kakhulu ukufunda umlingiswa womuntu elebhu.
Kodwa-ke, abantu bazoshintsha indlela abaziphatha ngayo uma sebazi ukuthi ukuziphatha kwabo kuzogadwa futhi kuhlaziywe isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo.
Nakuba ucwaningo lokuhlola lubandakanya nokubheka ukuziphatha kwezilwane, kunezigigaba ezimbalwa ezingenakubonwa elabhorethri. Isibonelo, ukubheka indlela isilwane esifuna ngayo ukudla kanye nokukhetha umngane womshado.
Okuwukuphela kwenketho yokunquma ukuziphatha kokufuna ukudla kwezilwane noma ukukhetha umngane womshado wucwaningo lokuqaphela endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Izibonelo Zocwaningo Lokuqaphela
Abacwaningi bakubona kanjani ukuziphatha okuthile nokukhula kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kubantu? Okunye esizokubheka wukuthuthukiswa kolimi ezinganeni.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezingane Zolimi
Izingane zizalwa zinamakhono emvelo okusinda kodwa zifunda ukwenza ezinye izinto ngenkathi zikhula. Isibonelo, usana ludinga kuphela isiqondiso sikanina somthombo wokudla. Ngamakhono azo azalwa nawo, angakwazi ukuncela ebeleni likanina.
Nokho, kudingeka bafunde ukukhuluma njengoba bekhula. Ukuthi bafunda kanjani ukukhuluma kusukela bebancane kungabonwa kuphela ngenkathi bekhula ekhaya.
Ngaphambi kokuba ingane ifike ebangeni lokuqala, ikhono layo lolimi selithuthuke kahle futhi selikwazi ukuxhumana kahle nomuntu omdala.
Ukuze abacwaningi baqhube izifundo zabo, kudingeka babheke ingane isekhaya nabazali. Umqoqi wedatha udinga ukuba seduze nengane ukuze athathe amanothi anemininingwane yokuthi abazali bakhuluma kanjani nengane.
Imininingwane eqoqwe kulokho okubhekiwe ingase ifakwe ikhodi ukuze ichaze inani lamagama abazali abawasho. Ngemva kokuhlaziya idatha eqoqiwe, ingase iveze ukuthi amaphethini wamazwana abazali asiza kanjani ukukhula kolimi lwengane.
Umklamo Womkhiqizo Wabathengi
Idizayini yomkhiqizo wabathengi iphakathi kwezibonelo zocwaningo lokubheka.
Lokhu kubandakanya inkampani eyenza ukuhlaziya okubanzi kokuthi imikhiqizo emisha izosetshenziswa kanjani ngabathengi ngaphambi kokudedela umkhiqizo emakethe.
Inhloso ukwazi nokuqonda ukuhlola kwabathengi ngenkathi usebenzisa umkhiqizo omusha. Eminye imibuzo inkampani okudingeka izibuze yona ukuthi, ingabe umkhiqizo omusha ulingana kahle ukuze usebenze ngokucabanga kwawo, futhi ingabe abathengi abaningi bazowuthenga umkhiqizo omusha?
Ukwengeza, inkampani izomema iqembu elincane labathengi abangaba amakhasimende kulebhu. Kulebhu kunesibuko esinezinhlangothi ezimbili esineqembu eliqeqeshiwe ngemuva kwaso, elibheka futhi lithatha amanothi anemininingwane alokho okwenziwa iqembu elincane elimenyiwe.
Funda futhi: I-Institutional RaciIzibonelo ze-sm (Amathiphu kubafundi)
Ucwaningo lukaJane Goodall
Isazi esidumile se-English primatologist kanye nesazi sesayensi yabantu, uDame Jane Morris Goodall wabheka izimfene endle amashumi eminyaka.
UGoodall wenze lokho ayekubonile ngokungena endaweni engokwemvelo yezilwane. Wabhala amanothi anemininingwane ngakho konke ukuziphatha ayekubona endle.
Akubona kamuva kwaguqulwa kwaba amaphepha ocwaningo asiza umhlaba ukuthi uqonde kabanzi mayelana nokuziphatha kwezilwane.
Ukutholwa kukaGoodall okumangalisayo kwezimfene zisebenzisa amagatsha ukuzingela umuhlwa kwaba ukutholwa okuvelele.
Ukuhlola Amapulazi
Ngosizo lwesoftware ye-infrared imaging evela kumasathelayithi, izinkampani ziyakwazi ukubuka izitshalo noma kuphi emhlabeni.
Izithombe ezivela kwisathelayithi zinikeza izilinganiso zokumuncwa kwe-chlorophyll ezingasiza ukubikezela izinzuzo.
Izithombe ziphinde zisize abahlaziyi ukuthi bazi inani lamahektare nezitshalo ezitshalwe emhlabeni wonke. Ezimpahleni ezinjengommbila nokolweni, isibikezelo singaletha inzuzo enkulu.
I-Group Dynamics Ethatha Izinqumo
Uma izinkampani ezinkulu zenza izinqumo ezinkulu, kuvame ukuba nemiphumela ethile elimaza ukuphila kwenkampani.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo yokuthatha izinqumo nokuthi isebenza kanjani.
Ucwaningo lwezengqondo olwenziwe emashumini eminyaka adlule lugxile kakhulu ezitatimendeni abantu abavame ukuzisho komunye nomunye phakathi nemihlangano ebalulekile.
Ukubhekisisa ukusebenzelana kwabantu emihlanganweni, abaqapheli abangochwepheshe kudingeka babukele imihlangano esibukweni esinezinhlangothi ezimbili noma babuke nge-CCTV.
Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni ukuthi ubani utheni kubani kanye nohlobo lwezitatimende ezenziwe.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo zamasheke namabhalansi (Amathiphu kubafundi)
Isithombe sesathelayithi se-Walmart
Ucwaningo lokubheka lungaholela abantu ekusebenziseni izigidi zamaRandi bebuka amabhizinisi.
Ngokombiko othile umbiko we-NPR, abahlaziyi bezimakethe zamasheya babheke izindawo zokupaka zase-Walmart ukuze babikezele imali eziyitholayo. Ukuthenga komhlaziyi kuzoqhubeka nokuthenga amasathelayithi ezindawo zokupaka izimoto ezikhethiwe endaweni, ezweni, noma emhlabeni wonke.
Ngedatha eqoqiwe kanye nolwazi lwabo lwemakethe, kuzoba lula ukuqonda amaphethini okuthenga kwamakhasimende.
Ucwaningo lwe-Ethnographic
I-Ethnography iwuhlobo locwaningo lokuqaphela oluvumela abacwaningi ukuba ngokuzenzakalela babe ingxenye yeqembu noma umphakathi othile.
Umcwaningi usebenza ngokuyimfihlo, aqoqe idatha, futhi axhumane neqembu njengelungu. Umcwaningi ugcina umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko ufihliwe emphakathini futhi ubheka ngasese ukuziphatha kwemvelo kwamalungu omphakathi.
Lolu hlobo locwaningo lungasisiza siqonde ukuthi amaqembu amancane azomamukela kanjani umuntu esingamazi phakathi kwawo.
Izifundo Zesikhathi Nokunyakaza
Lolu hlobo locwaningo lokubheka lubandakanya ukubheka inqubo yomsebenzi ehhovisi. Inhloso ukwenza izinqubo zibe yimpumelelo. Ukufeza lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukunciphisa inani lokunyakaza okudingekayo ukuze uqedele umsebenzi.
Ngokunciphisa ukunyakaza okudingekayo ukuze uqedele umsebenzi, ukusebenza kahle kuyanda futhi ukukhiqiza kuyathuthuka. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi nokunyakaza lungakhomba izindaba zokuphepha ezingase zilimaze abasebenzi.
UFrank Bunker Gilbreth nomkakhe uLilian Gilbreth babengamaphayona okuqala angaleso sikhathi nesifundo esinyakazayo.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Ezingu-11 Zokuphela Kwemvelo (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
Ucwaningo lwesigameko
Icala liwuhlobo locwaningo lokubheka olubandakanya umcwaningi achithe isikhathi esiningi nomuntu oyedwa ukuze athole ukuqonda okuningiliziwe komlingiswa wakhe.
Umcwaningi angase anqume ukwenza izingxoxo nomuntu, athathe amanothi anemininingwane, noma athathe amarekhodi evidiyo okuziphatha komuntu.
Ngokuvamile, izifundo eziyizimo zinikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe olungenakutholwa ngokutadisha iqembu elikhulu labantu.
Okunamathiselwe Kwezingane
Lolu hlobo locwaningo lokubheka lubandakanya ukubheka ukuhlangana kukamama/kwengane, esinye sezibonelo ezibandakanya ucwaningo oluseduze endaweni yemvelo.
NjengoGoodall, uMary Ainsworth wenze ucwaningo lwakhe ukuze aqonde kangcono ukuhlangana kukamama/kosana.
Ngo-1954, uMary Ainsworth waya e-Uganda ukuyofundela isibopho sikamama/sesana. Ucwaningo lwakhe lwamyisa emizini eminingi yemindeni iminyaka emibili. Uxoxisane nomama ukuthola ngemikhuba yabo yokukhulisa izingane futhi wathatha namanothi anemininingwane.
Amaphepha ocwaningo kaMary Ainsworth aguqulwa aba amaphepha emfundo futhi aba isisekelo sokuhlolwa Kwesimo Esiyinqaba.
Isiphetho
Ucwaningo lokubheka lubandakanya ukuqapha isenzo sabantu eduze kwendawo yabo yemvelo. Abacwaningi abaningana benze ucwaningo lokubheka ukuze baqonde ukuziphatha okuthile.
Ucwaningo lokuhlola luvame ukunikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe kunokubheka isihloko elabhorethri.
Izincomo
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Okubhekwayo
- Usolwazi Owusizo: Izibonelo Zocwaningo Lokuqaphela eziyi-10
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- Scribbr.com: Luyini Ucwaningo Lokubheka? | Umhlahlandlela & Izibonelo
- Study.com: Ucwaningo Lokubheka Izibalo
shiya impendulo