Yisho ukuthi uzokwenzani ngohlelo lwamanje lwezikole zikahulumeni, kodwa akukho ukuphika iqiniso elilula. I-United States ikhiqize izingqondo ezingcono kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuningi ukugxekwa okusemthethweni ngemfundo yezwe. Kodwa-ke, kuyafaneleka ukuthi sime kancane njalo futhi sizindle ngokuthi sesihambe ibanga elingakanani.
Ukuzindla okunjalo kungasiza ekugwemeni ukwenza amaphutha agwemeka kalula futhi kuqaphele izindlela eziye zaba nempumelelo enkulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umlando wezemfundo eMelika.
Kusukela ezikoleni zenkathi yamakholoni kuya ohlelweni lwesimanjemanje lweSayensi, Ubuchwepheshe, Ubunjiniyela, kanye Nezibalo (STEM) esinalo manje. Kunomlando omningi okufanele siwuhlanganise, kodwa sizobheka kafushane isikhathi ngasinye esibalulekile kanye nezinguquko ezibalulekile ezilethe kwezemfundo.
Inkathi yamaKoloni (ikhulu le-17-18)
Izinga lemfundo ngesikhathi samakoloni ayishumi nantathu lalingabazeka kakhulu. Babembalwa othisha abaqeqeshiwe kwasekuqaleni. U-Edward Janak, uprofesa eNyuvesi yaseToledo, uchaze ukufundisa ngalesi sikhathi “njengomzamo wokuhweba”. Noma ubani wayengabeka isibonakaliso futhi aqale ukufundisa.
Imfundo yaqala ukushintsha kancane kancane. Ngo-1642, kwaphasiswa uMthetho Wokuhambela Okuphoqelekile waseMassachusetts. Ngokusho kwayo, inhloko yekhaya ngalinye inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezingaphansi kophahla lwayo ziyafundiswa ukufunda, inkolo nemithetho. Imfundo nayo yayikhona ngaleso sikhathi ehlobene eduze nenkolo. Ukukwazi ukufunda iBhayibheli kwakuyinto eza kuqala kumaPuritan.
Kancane kancane, ukugxila kwezemfundo nakho kwanwebeka ukuqeqesha izingane kwezohwebo namakhono ngokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi. Ukujeziswa ngokushaywa kwakuvamile futhi kwakuzohlala kuyinkambiso njengendlela yokuqondisa izigwegwe kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amakolishi amaningana esiwazi namuhla asungulwa ngalesi sikhathi. I-New College, eyasungulwa ngo-1636, izoqhubeka yaziwa ngokuthi Harvard. Ngokufanayo, Isikole SaseCollegiate, esasungulwa ngo-1701, sizoqhubeka saziwa ngokuthi yiYale. Amanye amakolishi afana nePrinceton, Columbia, Penn, neDartmouth nawo azalwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Funda futhi: 10 Izifundiswa Zabantu Abanezibuko
I-American Revolution kanye ne-Founding Fathers 'Vision (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18)
Izikole ngalesi sikhathi zathonywa kakhulu umbono wabasunguli. UThomas Jefferson, isibonelo, wayefuna zonke izingane zibe nokufinyelela mahhala emfundweni okungenani iminyaka emithathu. Le mfundo izogxila ekubaqeqesheni ukufunda, ukubhala nezibalo.
Ngokusho kwe-Road To The Civil War, uJefferson wayefuna indlela yemfundo enezigaba ezimbili. Enye iqondene ngqo nabasebenzayo kanti enye ngeyabafundile. Labo ababonisa izithembiso babezothola ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe. Kungase kubonakale kuhlukanisa kancane emizweni yesimanje, kodwa kwakunengqondo kumongo weMelika yakuqala.
UJefferson wayethemba ukuthi indlela yakhe yemfundo ehlukene kabili izosiza ekwakheni abaholi bakusasa bezwe.
Ngokufanayo, uBenjamin Rush, omunye ubaba ongumsunguli, wayekholelwa ukuthi injongo yemfundo kwakuwukudala izakhamuzi ezihlangene—hhayi izazi.
Le mibono yaba nengqondo, uma kubhekwa imithombo elinganiselwe yangaleso sikhathi kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukisa izwe ngokushesha ngemva kwenkululeko.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwabafundi kwakuncike kakhulu kwinkumbulo yekhanda nokunaka esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa ukucabanga okujulile nokuqonda. Nokho, njengoba iminyaka yayihamba, kwenzeka izinguquko eziningana okwaqala ngazo izinhlelo ezintsha.
Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa uhlelo lwe-Pestalozzian (olwalumelene nokubhola nokubamba ngekhanda) kanye nesistimu ye-Lancacastrian (eyethula umqondo wabaqaphi babafundi.)
I-Baby Boomer Era (maphakathi nekhulu lama-20)
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960, iMelika yabhekana nokwanda okukhulu kwabantu. IMpi Yezwe II yayisiphelile esikhathini esingengakanani edlule, futhi kwase kuphelile ukubhalisa esikoleni inyuke ngaphezulu kuka-30%. IMelika ibingakakulungeli ukuphatha ukwanda okuwumphumela Abafundi, futhi okwesikhashana, kokubili izikole nothisha bakhungatheka.
Ukujezisa ngokushaywa kwakuvamile ukusetshenziswa njengoba kwakunzima kothisha ukugcina amakilasi enabafundi abaningi belawulwa.
Mayelana nezemfundo, kwaba nesigaba lapho ikharikhulamu izama ukugxila emfundweni eqhubekayo nephelele. Lokhu kwakugxile ekufuneni ukukhuthaza ukukhula ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokomzwelo. Amakilasi efilosofi athandwa kakhulu ngenkathi isayensi enzima ithatha isihlalo esingemuva.
Kodwa-ke, konke lokhu kwathatha i-U-turn ngo-1957, lapho abantu baseMelika bebona ukuzungeza okuphumelelayo kweSputnik, isathelayithi yaseSoviet. Abaningi baqala ukwesaba ukuthi iMelika yayinqotshwe amaSoviet ngobuchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke, umdanso omfishane onemfundo ephelele uye wanqamuka. IMpi Yomshoshaphansi ezayo izoqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lwezemfundo lwaseMelika luzogxila ekukhipheni ososayensi nonjiniyela ukuze baqhudelane namaSoviet.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zamasiko Ezingu-20 (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
Imfundo Yesimanje Egxile ku-STEM (Usuku Lwamanje)
Ngemva kokuba iMelika inqobe impi yamakhaza futhi yaba izwe elinamandla amakhulu emhlabeni, imfundo ezweni yaba nezinguquko. Izinsiza manje zase ziziningi ngokwanele kangangokuthi abantu baseMelika abaningi babekwazi ukufinyelela kuzo zombili izikole zikahulumeni zamahhala futhi bengakhetha ngisho nezikole ezizimele ezikhokhelwayo.
Esikhundleni sokufuna ikharikhulamu kazwelonke, izwe ngalinye lalinohlelo lwezifundo nemihlahlandlela yalo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2010 kwethulwa "Izilinganiso Zombuso Ezivamile." Lokhu bekuwumzamo wokwenza imfundo ibe sezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezahlukene.
I-Common Core ayizange ibe ngaphandle kwengxabano, noma kunjalo, futhi kukhona ukugxeka okuningana kwesistimu okuphakamisa amaphuzu avumelekile. Muva nje, ezinye izifundazwe zikhethe ukushiya uhlelo. Lezi zihlanganisa Indiana, Oklahoma, Arizona, Louisiana, kanye neWest Virginia.
Abantu baseMelika namuhla banezinketho eziningi kakhulu mayelana nokukhethwa kwesikole. Ukwesekwa kwezemfundo okuyisipesheli kukhona, futhi ukudidiyelwa kobuchwepheshe kwezemfundo kuye kwadala ukusungulwa nokukhula okuningi.
Ukugxila kwe-STEM akukaze kube kukhulu futhi kugcizelelwa kakhulu kukharikhulamu yezikole eziningi. Kukhona nenani elikhulayo lezikole ezigxile ku-STEM ezihlose ukulungiselela abafundi imfundo ephakeme kanye nemisebenzi emikhakheni ehlobene ne-STEM.
Ngokukhula kwe-AI kanye nezigaba zokuqala zokuhlola okukhulu komkhathi, ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe, i-space aeronautics, kanye nezinkambu zezinkanyezi cishe kuzobona ukwanda eminyakeni ezayo. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ukugxila ku-STEM kuzokhula kuqine kusukela lapha kuya phambili.
Funda futhi: Ithiyetha yamaGreki - Amaqiniso ayi-7 Awusizo Kubafundi
Isiphetho
Yebo, sihlala sikhona isikhala sokuthi uhlelo lwezemfundo luthuthuke. Singahlala sihlose amazinga aphezulu kanye nekhwalithi. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kubonakale sengathi senze amaphutha amaningi esikhathini esidlule.
Kodwa-ke, uma sibheka emuva emlandweni wezemfundo eMelika, kubalulekile ukugcina ingqikithi yomlando engqondweni. Izinketho eziningi ezingabonakali zinengqondo namuhla zaziyisidingo ngalezo zikhathi.
Emashumini eminyaka kusukela manje, singase sibheke emuva emfundweni yethu yamanje egxile ku-STEM futhi sithole amaphutha esivele singawaboni manje. Khona-ke futhi, injalo imvelo yokubheka emuva.
shiya impendulo