Iyini idizayini yokuhlola futhi yiziphi izibonelo nezigaba zomklamo wokuhlola?
Idizayini yokuhlola iyisici esimaphakathi sendlela yesayensi futhi ibandakanya ukuhlola okuhlukile okuzimele ngokumelene nokuhluka okuncikile.
Isibonelo esivamile sedizayini yokuhlola ukuhlola komtholampilo okubandakanya ababambiqhaza abambalwa bocwaningo abahlelwe ngamaqembu okulawula nawokwelapha.
Idizayini yokuhlola ibandakanya inqubo yokwenza ucwaningo ngendlela ehlelekile nelawulwayo ukuze kukhuliswe ukunemba.
Iyini Idizayini Yokuhlola?
Idizayini yokuhlola iyisici esimaphakathi sendlela yesayensi futhi ibandakanya ukuhlola okuhlukile okuzimele ngokumelene nokuhluka okuncikile.
Ngokuvamile, okuguquguqukayo okuzimele nokuncikile kunobudlelwano bembangela-nomphumela. Okwakuqala kusetshenziswe ekuhlolweni.
Umbukeli ubangele ukuguquguquka okuzimele ukuthi kushintshe futhi kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuhlukahluka okuncikile. Uma okuhlukile okuzimele kushintshiwe, okuhluka okuncikile nakho kuzoshintsha njengomphumela.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, umcwaningi kufanele achaze okuguquguqukayo, alinganise ukuhlukahluka okuncikile, futhi anikeze izifundo.
Idizayini yokuhlola iyindlela yokuhlola i-hypothesis ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezilula. Inhloso yawo ukuthuthukisa izimo ezilawulwayo phakathi nokuhlolwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka ekuphazameni okuvela ngaphandle.
Funda futhi: Iyini Imiqondo Yezenhlalo? (Amathiphu kubafundi)
Izigaba Zomklamo Wokuhlola
Izigaba ezintathu zedizayini yokuhlola zifaka idizayini yokuhlola kwangaphambili, idizayini yokuhlola efana nokuhlola, kanye nomklamo wokuhlola wangempela.
Idizayini Yangaphambi Kokuhlola
Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola imiphumela yokuhluka okuzimele kubambi qhaza oyedwa noma eqenjini elincane labahlanganyeli. Isibonelo isibonelo isifundo.
Idizayini ye-Quasi-Experimental
Kubandakanya ukuhlola umphumela wokuguquguquka okuzimele eqenjini labahlanganyeli abangakhethwanga nje ngokungahleliwe emaqenjini okwelapha nokulawula. Isibonelo ukusampula okuhlosiwe.
Idizayini Yokuhlola Yangempela
Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola imiphumela yokuhluka okuzimele eqenjini labahlanganyeli abangaqokwa nje ngokungahleliwe emaqenjini okwelapha nokulawula. Isibonelo isilingo somtholampilo.
Izibonelo Zomklamo Wokuhlola
Okulandelayo yizibonelo zemiklamo yokuhlola kanye nezinhlobo zazo;
I-Mood State Study
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yangaphambi Kokuhlola
Iqembu lezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo lizimisele ukutadisha ukuthi imizwa ikuthinta kanjani ukuziphatha ngokujwayelekile.
Baqhamuke nombono futhi benza ividiyo yemizuzu emine ekhombisa izigcawu zamafilimu adumile aseHollywood. Udokotela wezengqondo wabe eseqasha abantu abambalwa ukuthi babukele ividiyo ehlukumeza inhliziyo.
Balinganise izimo zemizwa zabahlanganyeli ngemva kokuphela kwevidiyo.
Umphumela wokuhlolwa ubonisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza bebesesimweni esibi. Kodwa-ke, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo azikwazi ukuqiniseka ngokugcwele ekusebenzeni kwesiqeshana njengoba belingekho iqembu lokulawula.
Funda futhi: 15 Izibonelo Zokucabanga Ezihlaziya (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
Imidlalo Yezibalo kanye Nesifundo Sokufunda
- Uhlobo: Idizayini ye-Quasi-Experimental
Othisha ababili besikole bakwazile ukwenza isethi yemidlalo yezibalo ukuze bahehe abafundi babo ukuthi ukufunda izibalo kumnandi. Ngakho-ke, othisha banquma ukuhlola imidlalo esanda kuthuthukiswa ngesikhathi sekilasi.
Isikhathi esingamasonto amabili, omunye wothisha wakholisa bonke abafundi bakhe base bedlala umdlalo wezibalo. Uthisha wesibili unquma ukusebenzisa indlela yokufundisa evamile.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi abafundi abadlale imidlalo yezibalo benze kahle kakhulu esivivinyweni.
Othisha ababili bangase bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi imidlalo ibiwukhiye wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuhlolwa, kodwa abakwazi ukuqiniseka ngo-100% ngenxa yokuntuleka komsebenzi ozokwenziwa ngokungahleliwe.
Ucwaningo Lwezenzo Ekilasini
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yangaphambi Kokuhlola
Uthisha ufuna ukuthola ukuthi ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini weqembu elincane kuzothuthukisa amakhono abafundi mayelana nendlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo. Bese, bahlela futhi bahlole umsebenzi ngamanye amakilasi abo futhi babhekisise imiphumela.
Uthisha angase aqaphele ukuthi abafundi basabela kahle kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Njengoba belingekho iqembu lokuqhathanisa labafundi abafunde nendlela yokusingatha inhlolovo, uthisha akakwazi ukuqiniseka ngo-100% ukuthi umsebenzi uyindlela engcono kakhulu yokufundisa isifundo.
Funda Ngomthelela Wesikhangiso
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yangaphambi Kokuhlola
Inkampani yokukhangisa inquma ukuqoka abasebenzi bayo ababili abangcono kakhulu ukuze bathuthukise isikhangiso. Isikhangiso simayelana nokudla umkhiqizo wasekuseni womkhiqizo.
Ithimba liqhamuke nombono wokuhlela i-skit lapho abalingisi abambalwa bejabulela ukudla kwasekuseni. Baphinde babambe iqhaza ezenzweni ezingenangqondo futhi umculo wangemuva ubungajwayelekile.
I-ejensi yezikhangiso ayifuni ukusebenzisa imali esikhangisweni. Izentengiselwano zibe sezidutshulwa ngesabelomali esiphansi.
Inkampani ibonisa isikhangiso kubantu abambalwa ukuze babone ukusabela kwabo. Njengoba inkampani ibona ukuthi isikhangiso sinomthelela onamandla ezibukelini, yabela isabelomali esikhulu sesikhangiso.
Umthelela Wezomnotho Kwezombangazwe
- Uhlobo: Idizayini ye-Quasi-Experimental
Isikhungo senqubomgomo yezomnotho sinquma ukufinyelela ukuthi umgomo omusha usebenza kanjani mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane. Amadolobha amabili ezweni elingathuthukile akhonjwa yilesi sikhungo.
Amadolobha amabili acishe alingane. Elinye lamadolobha amabili lapho inqubomgomo entsha yasetshenziswa khona libonise ukukhula okuphezulu kwamabhizinisi amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nelinye idolobha.
Kungase kube khona umehluko phakathi kwamadolobha amabili ngokuvamile okuba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwamabhizinisi amancane kunenqubomgomo.
Ucwaningo Lwezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zobulili Nokucabangela
- Uhlobo: Idizayini ye-Quasi-Experimental
Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo zedizayini yokuhlola.
Abacwaningi banqume ukwenza ucwaningo ukuze bathole phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane abahlomulayo ekucabangeni.
Umcwaningi waqasha izisebenzi zasehhovisi. Umcwaningi uhlukanise isampula yocwaningo kwaba abesilisa nabesifazane. Bacele ababambiqhaza ukuthi basebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza lokucabanga okungenani imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu nsuku zonke.
Ekupheleni kwamasonto amathathu, abacwaningi banikeze uhlu lwemibuzo olukala ukucindezeleka kubo bonke ababambiqhaza. Baphinde balinganise amahomoni okucindezeleka.
Umphumela wokuhlolwa ubonisa ukuthi abesifazane baphendule kangcono kuzinhlelo zokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Abesifazane nabo bakhombise amazinga aphansi engcindezi.
Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi abakwazi ukuphetha ngokuthi abesifazane basabela kangcono ezinhlelweni zokusebenza kunabesilisa, njengoba bengakwazi ukuqoka abahlanganyeli ngokungahleliwe ngobulili.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Eziyi-10 Ze-Crystallized Intelligence (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yokuhlola Yangempela
Ukuhlola kwangempela ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa abacwaningi bezokwelapha ukuhlola ukusebenza kwemithi yokwelapha ehlukene.
Isibonelo, abantu bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe emphakathini ukuthi babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni ngemiphumela yemithi ezifweni zenhliziyo.
Banikeza abahlanganyeli ngokungahleliwe ukuthi bathole imithi noma cha. Bonke ababambiqhaza bazothintwa ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu futhi bahlolelwe isifo senhliziyo.
Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi abantu abathola imithi babenamazinga aphansi esifo senhliziyo uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangayitholanga.
Ucwaningo lwesigameko
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yangaphambi Kokuhlola
Udokotela wezokwelapha ucabanga ukuthi izifo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingavamile zingelashwa ngokusebenzisa uhlobo lokwelapha oludala.
Akukaze nakanye ukuthi ukwelashwa kusetshenziswe ngale ndlela. Udokotela unquma ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa ezigulini ezimbili ezitholakale zinalesi sifo.
Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, baqaphela ukuthi ukwelashwa akunawo umthelela ekuguleni, ngakho udokotela unquma ukungaqhubeki nokwelashwa.
Umanyolo kanye nesifundo sokukhula kwezitshalo
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yangaphambi Kokuhlola
Umlimi unquma ukuhlola inhlanganisela eyahlukene yemisoco ukuze kukhule izitshalo. Umlimi unquma ukusebenzisa umanyolo kwezinye izitshalo ezincane elebhu kunokuchitha imali nesikhathi efaka izingxube ezimbalwa emhlabathini.
Ngemva kwamasonto amaningi, izitshalo zikhula ngendlela efanele, zikhiqiza amagatsha aminyene. Umlimi ukhombisa abangani bakhe imiphumela futhi bonke baphethe ngokuthi kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Izitayela Zokukhulisa Umzali kanye Nokusebenza Kwezemfundo
- Uhlobo: Idizayini ye-Quasi-Experimental
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zilangazelela ukuqonda ngokucacile ukuthi ukusebenza kwezingane ezifundweni kuthintwa kanjani izitayela zokukhulisa izingane.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zihlonze iqembu elikhulu labazali abenza enye yezindlela ezine zokukhulisa izingane ezigunyazayo, ezivumelayo, ezinegunya, nezinganaki.
Ngemuva kokucubungula kahle, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izingane ezikhuliswe ngendlela egunyaziwe zinamamaki angcono uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye ezintathu.
Funda futhi: 10 Ukwakhiwa Komphakathi Kokukhubazeka (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
I-Sport Nutrition Bars Study
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yokuhlola Yangempela
Inkampani inquma ukuhlola ukuthi iphumelela kangakanani imishayo yayo yokondleka kwezemidlalo ngokuqasha abafundi basekolishi ukuze babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwabo.
Abafundi basekolishi babelwa ukulawula izimo noma isimo sokwelashwa. Abafundi abasesimweni sokwelashwa badle imishayo emibili yokudla, kanti labo abasesimweni sokulawula baphinde badla ama-nutrient afanayo angenawo umsoco.
Ngemva kokuba abafundi basekolishi bedle amabha okudla okunomsoco, bavunyelwe ukugijima ku-treadmill imizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu.
Abahlanganyeli abadle imishayo yokudla bagijima ngokushesha ku-treadmill. Ukuphefumula kwabo kwakujwayelekile futhi abakaze bakhononde ngokuzizwa bekhathele kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nabahlanganyeli abadle amabha angenamsoco.
Ukufunda Isiqondisiso kanye Nesifundo Sokukhanyisa
- Uhlobo: Idizayini Yokuhlola Yangempela
Ubude begagasi obuhlukene bokukhanya cishe buzothinta ukucubungula kobuhlakani. Umcwaningi ukhethe abafundi abambalwa basekolishi futhi wabacela ukuthi bafunde isahluko somlando kwesinye sezimo ezi-3 zokukhanya (ukukhanya kwelanga okungokwemvelo, ukukhanya okujwayelekile kwe-fluorescent, nokukhanya kokwenziwa).
Ngemva kokufunda isahluko, abafundi basekolishi bahlalela ukuhlolwa okufanayo. Ngemva kokubuyekezwa okuphelele, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abafundi abafunda ngokukhanya kwelanga kwemvelo babe namaphuzu angcono esivivinyweni.
Abafundi abalandelayo abathole amaphuzu amahle kakhulu yilabo abafunde ngamalambu aphuzi, balandelwe yilambu le-fluorescent. Abacwaningi baphethe ngokuthi ukukhanya kwemvelo kuthuthukisa ukuqonda kokufunda.
Isiphetho
Idizayini yokuhlola iyisici esimaphakathi sendlela yesayensi futhi ibandakanya ukuhlola okuhlukile okuzimele ngokumelene nokuhluka okuncikile.
Isibonelo esivamile sedizayini yokuhlola ukuhlola komtholampilo okubandakanya ababambiqhaza abambalwa bocwaningo abahlelwe ngamaqembu okulawula nawokwelapha.
Izincomo
- Izibonelo Ezingu-10 Zokuthembeka Kwama-Inter-Rater (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
- 7 Ubuhle kanye Nebubi be-Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
- Izibonelo zamasheke namabhalansi (Amathiphu kubafundi)
- Izibonelo Zobandlululo Lwesikhungo (Amathiphu Wabafundi)
- Abantu baseFrance abayi-10 Izimpawu Nezici Zomzimba
Okubhekwayo
- Usolwazi Owusizo: 15 Izibonelo Zomklamo Wokuhlola
- T Lundstedt et al 1998: Idizayini yokuhlola nokwenza kahle
- MI Rodrigues, AF Iemma - 2014: Idizayini yokuhlola nokwenza ngcono inqubo
- Study.com: Inqubo Yokuklama Yokuhlola
- I-SimlyPsychology: Idizayini Yokuhlola: Izinhlobo, Izibonelo nezindlela
- D Faller, U Klingmüller, J Timmer – Simulation, 2003 Izindlela zokulingisa zokulungela ukwakhiwa kokuhlola ku-biology yezinhlelo
shiya impendulo