Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusho ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu okunensayo, okuhlala isikhathi eside. Kwenza ukufudumala koMhlaba futhi kubangele izinhlekelele zemvelo njengeziphepho ezinamandla, izikhukhula, nesomiso esihlala isikhathi eside.
Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kwenzeka ngezimbangela zemvelo, kepha lapho abantu bedlala indima enkulu kukho, kuba yinkinga enkulu yethu sonke. Okwamanje kungenye yezinkinga eziphuthuma kakhulu esibhekene nazo emhlabeni namuhla.
Ososayensi bebelokhu bebheka ukuthi imisebenzi yabantu, njengokukhulula amagesi afana ne-methane ne-carbon dioxide (CO2), iyithinta kanjani iplanethi. La magesi abamba ukushisa, enze ukufudumala koMhlaba, futhi lokho kuholela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga.
Wake wazibuza ngezizathu eziyinhloko ezibangela ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu? Kunezimbangela ezingu-10 eziyisisekelo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ezihlonzwe ososayensi. Masizihlole futhi siziqonde ukuze sibambe ukuthi kungani kufanele sithathe isinyathelo.
Izimbangela Ezinkulu Eziyi-10 Zokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinsalela Zezinsalela
Izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zidlala indima enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Uma sisebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi njengowoyela negesi, amagesi abamba ukushisa ayingozi akhishelwa emkhathini woMhlaba. Inqubo iqala ngokukhipha nokuthuthukisa lawa mafutha.
UMkhandlu Wezokuvikela Wezemvelo ithi ukukhula kukawoyela negesi kuyimbangela enkulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Imisebenzi efana nokubhoboza, ukuqhekeza, ukuthutha, nokucwengisisa kunomthelela ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni esigabeni ngasinye.
Okunye okukhathazayo ukukhishwa kwe-methane, igesi ebamba ukushisa ebamba ukushisa okungaphezu kwesikhutha emkhathini. Ngisho nalapho imithombo kawoyela negesi ishiywe dengwane, iyaqhubeka nokuvuza i-methane.
Ngo-2018, imithombo kawoyela negesi engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3.2 e-United States ikhiphe amakhilothoni angama-281 e-methane.
Lokhu kukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi i-methane, kukhulisa umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Igqamisa ukubaluleka kokuhlola kabusha ukuthembela kwethu kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokuthola enye imithombo yamandla, esimeme ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yemvelo.
2. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Kulapho abantu begawula khona ngamabomu izihlahla emhlabeni wonke. Amahlathi amakhulu, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika Ephakathi, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, ayathinteka.
Ngokwe-athikili (Umthelela Wokugawulwa Kwamahlathi Ekuguquguqukeni Kwesimo Sezulu), ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kukhipha i-C02 futhi lokhu kuthinta ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungancishiswa uma silondoloza amahlathi emhlabeni wethu wasekhaya.
Lapho izihlahla zigawulwa, ikhabhoni egcinwe kuzo idedelwa emoyeni. Ngokusho kwe-Union of Concerned Scientists, i-carbon dioxide (CO2) ekugawulweni kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo yenza ngaphansi kuka-10% wokungcola okubangela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Ukunciphisa imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi futhi kuvikeleke amahlathi ethu. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela lezi zindawo ezibalulekile zemvelo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekubhekaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Ezingu-10 Zezinkinga Zomphakathi e-US
3. Izindawo Zokulahla Imfucuza
Izindawo zokulahla imfucuza, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izindawo zokulahla imfucuza noma izindawo zokulahla imfucuza, izindawo lapho abantu belahla khona imfucuza yabo. Yize lezi zindawo zihlose ukunciphisa umthelela wemfucuza emvelweni nempilo yabantu, zineqhaza ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Inkinga eyinhloko isekukhululweni okuphawulekayo kwamagesi abamba ukushisa. Ngokusho kwesikhungo sezemvelo eNyuvesi yaseBoulder, izindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu zikhipha amanani amakhulu e-methane, i-CO2, umhwamuko wamanzi, namanye amagesi.
Okunye okukhathazayo ukusetshenziswa kakhulu komhlaba kulezi zindawo zokulahla. E-United States kuphela, kunezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu ezisebenzayo ezingaba ngu-3,000, ezihlanganisa cishe amahektha ayizigidi ezi-2 wendawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Ukulahlwa kwemfucumfucu ngokweqile kuthinta kabi wonke umuntu, okunemiphumela eyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezihlala eduze.
4. Amagesi aneFluorinated
I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye ne-methane kuvame ukugqanyiswa njengengxenye enkulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, kodwa kukhona okunye okukhathazayo: amagesi e-fluorinated, ngokuvamile aziwa ngokuthi ama-F-gases. La magesi enziwe ngabantu asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene nasezinqubweni zezimboni.
Imishini yesiqandisi neyomoya, imboni ye-elekthronikhi, imithi, nokukhiqizwa kwe-aluminium kuyizibonelo zalapho la magesi angatholakala khona, ngokusho kwe-European Commission.
Nakuba ama-F-gases enza u-3% kuphela wegesi ebamba ukushisa futhi angalimazi ungqimba lwe-ozone emkhathini, akhathaza kakhulu ngenxa yamandla awo. La magesi anamandla ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-23,000 kune-CO2. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela umthelela wamagesi e-fluorinated ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu futhi ucabangele izinyathelo zokunciphisa iqhaza lawo.
5. Imboni
Ngamagama alula, “imboni” ibhekisela ekwenzeni izinto ezifana usimende, insimbi, izingubo zokugqoka, nokunye. Lapho imishini yenza le mikhiqizo, ikhipha amagesi ayingozi abangela ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
I-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ithi izimboni yizo ezibophezele cishe u-24% wesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni. Lokhu kubandakanya ukushiswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi zamandla kanye nesisi esiphuma ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza.
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni landa, izimboni nazo ziyakhula. Kubalulekile ukuthola izindlela zokunciphisa intuthu ekhiqizwa yilo mkhakha. Lokhu kusho ukwamukela izinqubo ezihlanzekile nezizinzile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Ngokwenza kanjalo, singakwazi ukuvikela imvelo futhi silwe nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
6. Ipulasitiki
Ipulasitiki iyimbangela enkulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Idalwe ikakhulukazi ngamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ayingozi emvelweni. Cishe wonke amapulastiki, angaba ngu-99%, enziwe ngalawa mafutha. Ngemva kokusebenzisa ipulasitiki, ngokuvamile ayisebenzi kabusha. Ingxenye encane kuphela, cishe u-9%, egaywa kabusha emhlabeni jikelele.
Iningi lazo liphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, emahlathini, olwandle nakwezinye izindawo zemvelo. Lapho ipulasitiki iphuka, ikhiphela amagesi abamba ukushisa emoyeni nasemanzini. Lokhu kunezela ekungcoleni nasekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Ngakho-ke, ipulasitiki iyinkinga enkulu emvelweni.
I-7. Ukuthutha
Ngo-2010, ezokuthutha zaba nomthelela cishe ku-15% wesisi esingcolisa umoya emhlabeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungcola okubangelwa ukushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ezindizeni, ezimotweni, emikhunjini, ezitimeleni nasemalolini. Igesi evame kakhulu ekhishwa yi-carbon dioxide (CO2), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusebenzisa uphethiloli nodizili.
E-United States, iningi lamagesi abamba ukushisa aphuma ezintweni zokuhamba aphuma ezimotweni zansuku zonke namaloli. Izindiza nazo zineqhaza elikhulu ekungcoleni, futhi izindiza ezizimele zigqamisa umthelela wabacebile esimweni sezulu. Ucwaningo lwembula ukuthi umuntu ondiza ngendiza yangasese ukhipha ukungcoliswa komoya okuphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-10 kunomuntu osendizeni yezentengiselwano.
Lokhu okutholakele kugcizelela indima enkulu ezokuthutha edlalwa ezindabeni zemvelo, kugxilwe ekungcoleni okubangelwa izindlela ezivamile zokuhamba kanye nomthelela ophawulekayo wokuhamba emoyeni kwangasese ekukhishweni kwekhabhoni.
8. Izivundisi
Umanyolo ube nendima ebalulekile ekunikezeni ukudla kwabantu abakhulayo emhlabeni. Umanyolo we-nitrogen, ikakhulukazi, ukhulise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kokudla, kodwa kunesihibe. Ukukhiqizwa komanyolo wokwenziwa kunomthelela cishe ku-1.4% wokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide (CO2) minyaka yonke.
Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni okungeyona i-CO2. Kodwa-ke, kuyinselele ukumisa ukukhiqizwa kungazelelwe njengoba cishe u-48% wabantu bomhlaba wonke uthembele ekudleni okutshalwe ngomanyolo owenziwe.
Ukuze sibhekane nalolu daba, singahlola ukusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo, sinciphise imiphumela emibi yomanyolo we-nitrogen, futhi sithuthukise ezinye izindlela ezisimeme. Lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ekwehliseni ukuncika komhlaba kumanyolo okwenziwa.
Ngokuthola ukulingana phakathi kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla zenani labantu elandayo kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo kamanyolo, singasebenzela ikusasa elisimeme nelinempilo leplanethi yethu.
Funda futhi: Uyini Isayensi Yezemvelo?
9. Ukukhiqiza Amandla Nokufudumala
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kuka-150, uwoyela, amalahle, negesi yemvelo kusetshenziswa umhlaba. Lezi zinsiza, ezaziwa njengamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, zinikeza cishe u-80% wamandla asetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. E-United States, amalahle, uwoyela, negesi yemvelo ngayinye inengxenye enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla. Ngo-2020, amalahle ahlinzeka ngo-19% wamandla, kuyilapho uwoyela negesi yemvelo ngayinye yaba cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu.
Naphezu kokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla ehlukile efana namandla elanga nawomoya, ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngogesi nokushisa kusalokhu kuphezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yamandla esiwasebenzisela amandla ezindlini zethu, amabhizinisi, kanye nezimboni ivela ekushiseni lezi zinto ezimbiwa phansi.
Nakuba imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo inikeza ezinye izindlela ezihlanzekile, ayikawashintshi ngokuphelele amafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuhlola nokuthuthukisa izixazululo zamandla esimeme, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kuzobaluleka ekwehliseni umthelela wendawo kanye nokuqinisekisa ikusasa elisimeme.
10. Ukusetshenziswa Kakhulu
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Uma senza amaphakethe epulasitiki amaningi, simosha ukudla, futhi sakhe izimoto eziningi, kuba nomthelela enkingeni. Nakuba izenzo zomuntu ngamunye zibalulekile, akuyena wonke umuntu onesibopho esilinganayo ngemithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Isifundo esivela Isimo Sezulu se-PLOS kuveza ukuthi cishe ingxenye yokufudumala kwegesi ebamba ukushisa e-US kubangelwa abantu baseMelika abacebe kakhulu. Lokhu akubangelwa nje izindlela zabo zokuphila; baphinde batshale imali ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza uphethiloli.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kudlula inani lezinto esizithengayo; kuphinde kuhlotshaniswe nokufuna ingcebo eyeqisayo ngezindleko zabanye abantu nendawo ezungezile. Ukusingatha le nkinga kudinga umzamo ohlangene wokunciphisa indawo yethu yemvelo futhi sicabange kabusha ukuphishekela kwethu ukweqisa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
shiya impendulo