Abafundi abaningi ngokwengeziwe bacabanga ngekusasa leplanethi yethu. Abaningi baphendukela kwisayensi yezemvelo. Lo mkhakha usebenzisa izibalo nesayensi ukufunda ngempilo yasemhlabeni. Uma lokhu kukuthakasela, umsebenzi ku-Environmental Science ungahle ulungele wena.
Ngeziqu zesayensi yezemvelo, ungathola amathuba amaningi emisebenzi. Uzofunda amakhono angaholela emisebenzini eholela kahle. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ucwaningo lwezemvelo, imfundo, ukusimama, nokongiwa.
Ukufunda isayensi yezemvelo kuvula iminyango emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ungasebenza kwezempilo yezemvelo, i-physics, noma i-chemistry. Kunohlu olubanzi lwezinketho ongazihlola.
Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zesayensi Yezemvelo
Isayensi Yezemvelo Isayensi yezemvelo yisifundo esibheka ukuthi umhlaba, amanzi awo, umoya, nezinto eziphilayo kuxhumene kanjani. Iphinde ibheke ukuthi abantu bazithinta kanjani lezi zinto bese izama ukuthola izixazululo ezinkingeni ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokushabalala kwezitshalo nezilwane. Manje, ake sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zesayensi yezemvelo:
1. Imvelo
I-Ecology imayelana nokuthi izinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni zihlangana kanjani. Ososayensi abacwaninga ngesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile, okuthiwa izazi zemvelo, bafuna ukwazi ukuthi izilwane, abantu, nezitshalo zithintwa kanjani lapho zihlala khona, nokuthi zithinta kanjani indawo ezikuyo. Kufana nokuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zemvelo.
I-ecology ayiyona nje into eyodwa; kuyingxube yezinkambu eziningi. Izazi ze-ecologists zisebenzisa imibono nezindlela ezivela ku-biology, chemistry, physics, kanye ne-geology. Bahlanganisa zonke lezi zicucu ukuze baqonde ukuthi izingxenye eziphilayo nezingaphili zeplanethi yethu zisebenza kanjani ndawonye.
Kucabange kuyindida enkulu lapho yonke into ephilayo nendawo yayo kuyizicucu ezihlanganayo. Ngokubheka le ndida, izazi zemvelo zingathola ukuthi izinguquko esiqeshini esisodwa zithinta kanjani ezinye. Kusisiza ukuthi sifunde kabanzi mayelana newebhu emangalisayo yokuxhumana eyenza umhlaba wethu uthandeke kakhulu.
2. Isayensi Yezemvelo
I-Chemistry Yezemvelo iwumkhakha wesayensi ohlola indlela amakhemikhali ahlangana ngayo namanzi, umoya, inhlabathi, nezinto eziphilayo. Kubandakanya izinkambu ezingaphansi ezifana ne-toxicology, i-atmospheric chemistry, kanye ne-chemistry yamanzi. Uma ukhetha ukufunda i-chemistry yezemvelo, izifundo zakho zizobandakanya amakilasi kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yaselabhorethri egxile kumakhemikhali ajwayelekile, angokwenyama, okuhlaziya, kanye ne-organic.
Ngamagama alula, i-chemistry yezemvelo isisiza ukuthi siqonde ukuthi izinto ezahlukene ziyithinta kanjani indawo esizungezile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umoya esiwuphefumulayo, amanzi esiwaphuzayo, noma inhlabathi esekela ukuphila kwezitshalo, i-chemistry yemvelo inikeza ukuqonda ngobudlelwane phakathi kwamakhemikhali nomhlaba wemvelo.
Ngokuphenya lokhu kusebenzisana, ososayensi kulo mkhakha bafaka isandla ekutholeni izixazululo zezinkinga zemvelo nokugcina iplanethi inempilo. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi amakhemikhali ayithinta kanjani imvelo futhi ufuna ukwenza umthelela omuhle, ukufunda i-chemistry yezemvelo kungaba indlela ejabulisayo nebalulekile kuwe.
Funda futhi: Mangaki Amadigri ongawathola?
3. Isayensi Yomkhathi
Ku-Atmospheric Sciences, sigxila kakhulu ekutadisheni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nemiphumela yako. Lo mkhakha ubandakanya ukuhlola umkhathi woMhlaba nokuthi uxhumana kanjani nendawo ezungezile. Kuzo zonke izifundo zakho, uzothola ukuthi ungawathuthukisa kanjani amamodeli abonisa ukuhamba komkhathi, ukusebenzisana kwawo namakhemikhali ahlukene, nezindlela izilwane nabantu abanikela ngazo ekukhiqizweni kwe-carbon dioxide.
Lesi sifundo sesayensi sisisiza siqonde ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezinqubo zomkhathi nezinguquko zomhlaba, sinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ezintweni ezithonya isimo sezulu sethu. Ucwaningo lwe I-Atmospheric Sciences awembuli nje kuphela izimfihlakalo zemvilophu yomoya weplanethi yethu kodwa futhi isikhanyisela ngomthelela womuntu ebhalansini ethambile yoMhlaba, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokudedelwa kwe-carbon dioxide emkhathini.
Ngokufunda lo mkhakha, uzothola ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana newebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yokuxhumana elolongela isimo sezulu sethu futhi ibe nomthelela enhlalakahleni yeplanethi yethu.
4. I-Geoscience/Isayensi Yomhlaba
I-Geoscience, eyaziwa nangokuthi isayensi yomhlaba, ihlanganisa izindawo zesayensi ezihlukahlukene ezigxile eMhlabeni, njengesayensi yenhlabathi yemvelo kanye ne-geology. Lo mkhakha uphenya izinto ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali oMhlaba nomkhathi wawo. I-Geoscience ihlola izingxenye ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-biosphere, i-lithosphere, i-hydrosphere, nomkhathi.
Ngamagama alula, i-geoscience ifunda yonke into mayelana neplanethi yethu - ukusuka emhlabathini esihamba kuwo kuya emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo. Ososayensi abakulo mkhakha bahlola umhlabathi, amadwala, amanzi nomoya ukuze baqonde ukuthi kusebenzisana kanjani futhi kuthonyana kanjani. Baphinde bahlole izinhlobo zempilo ezihlukene ezihlala eMhlabeni.
Cabanga ngesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba njengephazili enkulu lapho ososayensi behlanganisa khona ulwazi ukuze baqonde sonke isithombe seplanethi yethu. Ngokutadisha lezi zingxenye ezixhumene, izazi ze-geoscients bathola ukuqonda ngezinqubo ezilolonga umhlaba nendawo yawo. Lolu lwazi lusisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono ikhaya lethu futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze silivikele futhi sililondoloze.
Izingxenye Ezinhlanu Ezibalulekile Zendawo Yethu: Izingxenye Ezihlukahlukene Zomhlaba
Indawo esihlala kuyo yakhiwe izingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko ezisebenza ndawonye ukusekela ukuphila eMhlabeni. Ake sihlolisise ngayinye yazo.
- Umhlaba Wamanzi - Hydrosphere: I-hydrosphere ihlanganisa wonke amanzi aphezu, ngaphansi, noma ngaphezu komhlaba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amanzi awuketshezi, amboze cishe amaphesenti angama-70 oMhlaba. Nokho, ingxenye encane kuphela yalokhu okungamanzi ahlanzekile atholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, amachibi, nasemifuleni.
- Indawo eqinile - i-Lithosphere: Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi uMhlaba oqinile, i-lithosphere iyingqimba yangaphandle abantu abayibiza ngokuthi ikhaya. Isinika izinsiza ezibalulekile ezifana namaminerali, ukudla, namafutha. Ehlanganisa uqweqwe kanye nesiphuku esiphezulu, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ye-lithosphere inhlabathi, lapho izitshalo zikhula khona kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezisemhlabeni zithembele kuzo ukuze ziphile.
- Umoya Esiwuphefumulayo - Umkhathi: Umkhathi uyingxube yamagesi azungeza Umhlaba, osebenza njengengubo yokulala eyisivikelo ebalulekile ukuze ukuphila kube khona. Ngaphandle kokusivikela emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi, inikeza umoya esiwuphefumulayo, okuwenza ube yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke.
- Indawo Yokuphila - I-Biosphere: I-Biosphere iyindawo ekhethekile eMhlabeni lapho ukuphila kuchuma khona. Inhlanganisela evumelanayo yomoya, amanzi, nenhlabathi eyenza ukuphila kube nokwenzeka kule ndawo elinganiselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-biosphere idlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ibhalansi ethambile ye-ecosystem yethu.
- Izindawo Ezenziwe Abantu - I-Anthroposphere: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-technosphere, i-anthrosphere ingxenye yoMhlaba abantu abayidalile noma abayishintshile ukuze kuhlalwe kuyo kanye nemisebenzi yezomnotho. Ukusuka emadolobheni kuya ezindaweni zezimboni, i-anthroposphere ikhombisa imprint yempucuko yabantu emhlabeni.
Ukubaluleka Kwezifundo Zemvelo
Ucwaningo lwezemvelo ludlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene yentuthuko. Izimiso zayo ezibanzi ziyasebenza ezindaweni ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokongiwa kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo, ukuvimbela nokuphathwa kokungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nokuphathwa okusimeme kwemithombo yemvelo.
Umkhakha wesayensi yezemvelo unikeza amathuba emisebenzi eyahlukene, okwenza kube indawo ebalulekile yokufunda kulabo abathanda ukwenza umthelela omuhle. Amathemba omsebenzi kwisayensi yezemvelo ahlanganisa ukubonisana, izimboni, ukumaketha okuluhlaza, izifundiswa, ama-NGO, izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, izikhundla zikahulumeni, kanye nokumela imvelo.
Ochwepheshe besayensi yezemvelo baneqhaza ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-ecosystem, bathuthukise amasu okuvimbela nokulawula ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, futhi basebenzele ekusetshenzisweni kahle kwemithombo yemvelo. Ububanzi besayensi yezemvelo bukhulu, bubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ekubhekaneni nezinselele zomhlaba wonke ezihlobene nemvelo.
Abantu abaphishekela umsebenzi wesayensi yezemvelo bangahlola imikhakha eyahlukene, kusukela ekwelulekeni amabhizinisi ngezinqubo ezisimeme kuya ekukhuthazeni ukuqwashisa ngemvelo emisebenzini kahulumeni. Lo mkhakha awugcini nje ngokubhekana nezinkinga zamanje zezemvelo kodwa futhi udlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni ikusasa elisimeme nelinobungani kwemvelo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kwezifundo zezemvelo kubalulekile kubantu abahlose ukufaka isandla enhlalakahleni yeplanethi yethu kanye nabahlala kuyo.
Funda futhi: Ingabe Ubunjiniyela Buyisayensi?
Imigomo Yemfundo Yesayensi Yezemvelo
Emhlabeni wanamuhla, sihlangabezana nezinselelo eziningi njengokuncipha kwemithombo yemvelo nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga kudinga ukuthi wonke umuntu abambe iqhaza ekunakekeleni imvelo, futhi imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile ekufezeni lokhu. Izinhloso zezifundo zesayensi yezemvelo zibalulekile ekubhekaneni nalezi zinkinga ngempumelelo:
1. Ukukhulisa Ukuqwashisa: Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuxazululeni noma iyiphi inkinga ukuyiqonda. Isayensi yezemvelo ihlose ukuqwashisa abafundi mayelana nezindaba zamanje zemvelo kanye nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo.
2. Ukudluliswa kolwazi: Imfundo iyilungelo eliyisisekelo, futhi izifundo zesayensi yezemvelo zihlose ukunikeza abafundi ulwazi ngendawo ezungezile kanye nezingxenye zayo ezihlukene.
3. Izimo zengqondo ezikhuthazayo: Ulwazi lulodwa alwanele; abantu badinga ukugqugquzeleka ukuze bathathe isinyathelo. Isayensi yezemvelo izama ukugxilisa isimo sengqondo esihle kubantu ngabanye, ibakhuthaze ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuvikeleni imvelo.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono: Isayensi yezemvelo igxile ekuhlomiseni abafundi ngamakhono asebenzayo, okubenza bakwazi ukuthola izixazululo ezinkingeni ezikhona zezemvelo.
5. Ukukhuthaza Ukubamba iqhaza: Abafundi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo emisebenzini enomthelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Umgomo omkhulu uwukufaka abantu abaningi ezinqubweni zokuthatha izinqumo, kube nesandla ezisombululweni ezisebenzayo zezindaba zemvelo.
shiya impendulo