Rhoqo ngenyanga, malunga ne-1.8 yebhiliyoni yabasetyhini kunye namantombazana aba sexesheni. I-UNICEF inikela ingxelo yokuba imiceli mngeni enjengokubekwa amabala, ucalucalulo, nobuhlwempu kunokwenza eli xesha libe lucelomngeni kwaye lingakhuselekanga.
Obu bunzima kunye nezithintelo kukhathalelo olufanelekileyo zaziwa ngokudibeneyo “njengentlupheko yexesha.” Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ingqikelelo yentlupheko yexesha, ukubonelela ngeenyani ezibalulekileyo kunye nokucebisa iindlela ezisebenzayo zokwenza umahluko.
Ubuhlwempu bexesha lenzeka xa abantu bejongana nobunzima bokufikelela kwiimveliso zokuya exesheni, ucoceko olwaneleyo, inkxaso yezentlalo kunye nemfundo. Ngaphandle kokuba yinkxalabo enkulu yempilo yoluntu, abantu abaninzi ababazi ubungakanani bentlupheko yexesha kunye nendlela yokujongana nayo.
Ukujongana nale miba kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba wonke umntu uyakwazi ukulawula impilo yakhe yokuba sexesheni ngesidima nangokhuseleko.
Yintoni iPeriod Poverty?
Ngokutsho ILayibrari yeSizwe yoNyango, intlupheko yexesha yingxaki yezempilo yoluntu jikelele engazange ihoywe kumaxesha akutshanje. Ubuhlwempu bexesha buchazwa njengokungafikeleli kwiimveliso zokuya exesheni, iindawo zogutyulo, kunye nemfundo efanelekileyo.
Ixesha lexesha liyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yokuya exesheni, yindlela umzimba olungiselela ngayo ukukhulelwa. Kwenzeka kumantombazana kunye nabasetyhini abanokukhulelwa. Amaxesha ahlala phakathi kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe kwaye ayenzeka rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-38.
Xa amantombazana eqala ukufumana umjikelo wokuya exesheni, ajamelana nemingeni emitsha. Bafuna ukufikelela kwiimveliso zokuya exesheni ezifana neepads okanye iitamponi, kwaye kufuneka bafunde ukuzisebenzisa.
Ngaphandle kwezi mveliso okanye ulwazi, amaxesha anokuba noxinzelelo kakhulu. Basenokuphoswa sisikolo, umsebenzi, okanye amanye amathuba. Amaxesha anzima, abangela ukopha kakhulu, nawo angakhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezifana ne-anemia kunye neentlungu eziqatha.
Olunye uluntu lucinga ukuba amaxesha exesheni akacocekanga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kumantombazana nabasetyhini ukuba bafumane uncedo okanye baphume esidlangalaleni. Ukuqala kokuya exesheni kunokwenza amantombazana abe sesichengeni ngakumbi kwiintlobano zesini, nangona esenokuba neminyaka esixhenxe ubudala.
Ubuncinci i-500 yezigidi zamantombazana kunye nabasetyhini bachatshazelwa yintlupheko yexesha, ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation, kodwa kunzima ukwazi inani elichanekileyo.
Yintoni ekufuneka Uyazi malunga Nentlupheko yeXesha.
Ubuhlwempu bexesha yinkxalabo yezempilo yehlabathi jikelele echaphazela abantu abaninzi, kodwa ubume bayo kunye nobubanzi bayo buhlala bungaziwa kwinxalenye enkulu yabemi. Nazi iinyani ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka wonke umntu azazi:
Imingeni yeMpilo yokuya exesheni kwi-Afrika ekwi-Sub-Saharan ngenxa yeXesha leNtlupheko.
Kumazwe anjengeKenya, iSudan, i-Ethiopia neUganda, abantu bajamelana nocelomngeni olukhulu xa besiya exesheni. Abantu abaninzi kwezi ndawo abanamali yaneleyo yokuthenga izinto abazidingayo ukuze balawule ixesha labo kakuhle. Ngo-2019, i IBhanki yeHlabathi ithe i-35% yabantu bala mazwe bahlupheka kakhulu. Xa abantu behlupheka kakhulu, kunzima kubo ukuba bathenge izinto ezifana neepads zangasese.
Uphononongo olwenziwe yiBBC lufumanise ukuba eGhana, abasetyhini abafumana eyona mali incinci bachitha imivuzo yabo eninzi kwiipads. Umzekelo, banokuchitha i-$1 kwi-$7 nganye abayifumanayo kwiipads. Lo ngumahluko omkhulu kubantu base-United States, apho abo bafumana imali encinci bachitha kuphela i-3 yeedola kwi-1,200 yeedola kwiipads.
Ngamafutshane, ukuba sexesheni kunzima ngakumbi kubantu abaninzi abakwi-Afrika ekwi-sub-Sahara kuba abanamali yaneleyo yokuthenga izinto abazidingayo ukuze balawule ngokufanelekileyo.
Funda kwakhona: Uluhlu lweMizekeliso yoBulungisa beNtlalo
Ixesha lexesha leMingeni yeNtlupheko kwiNkqubo yeNtolongo yase-US
Entolongweni, abantu bajongana neengxaki ezininzi, kwaye omnye umba omkhulu yintlupheko yexesha. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi abavalelweyo bayasokola ukufumana izinto zokuya exesheni. EUnited States, apho abantu abaninzi bavalelwe entolongweni, le ngxaki imbi kakhulu.
Ezintolongweni, amalungelo abantu awahlonitshwa. Banokwenzakala emzimbeni nasengqondweni, bohlwaywe ngaphandle kwesizathu, baze bangafumani ncedo lwezonyango abalufunayo. I-US inabantu abaninzi entolongweni, kwaye kwiintolongo zayo, kukho ingxaki ngentlupheko yexesha. A Ibali leendaba le-USA Today lithi kwenye intolongo, iipads zibiza ii-R2.63, kodwa imisebenzi yalapho ihlawula kancinci kangangeesenti ezingama-30 ngeyure. Oku kuthetha ukuba kunzima ngokwenene ukuba abantu bathenge iipads abazifunayo.
Ngenxa yoko, abanye abantu bazama ukwenza izinto zabo. Abanye, bengenandlela yimbi, bopha ngempahla yabo. Kwabo banamaxesha anzima okanye imiba yezempilo, kunzima nangakumbi ukufumana ukhathalelo abaludingayo.
Okwangoku, ngaphezu kwama-35 amazwe akanayo imithetho yokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abavalelweyo bafumana oko bakufunayo ngexesha labo. Kwaye kumazwe anemigaqo, ayisoloko ilandelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Le yingxaki enkulu efuna ukuhoywa.
Impembelelo yeXesha leNtlupheko kwiMfundo
Intlupheko yexesha linefuthe elikhulu kwilungelo lemfundo. Ichaphazela kakhulu abasetyhini namantombazana, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kubo ukuya esikolweni. Ehlabathini lonke, amantombazana amalunga ne-129 lezigidi akasifumani isikolo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yobuhlwempu bexesha.
Uphononongo oluphuma kwiBhanki yeHlabathi lubonisa ukuba eSouth Sudan, i-57% yamantombazana akayi esikolweni xa esiya exesheni.. EKenya, amantombazana angama-70 ekhulwini athi ukuya exesheni kwawo kwenza amanqaku awo abe mandundu.
Imfundo ibaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lentombazana. Kodwa ukuba amaxesha akhe exesheni ayamthintela ukuba angayi esikolweni okanye aqhube kakuhle eklasini, ikamva lakhe lisenokungaqaqambi kangako. Amanye amantombazana kusenokufuneka asishiye ngokupheleleyo isikolo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba abasayi kuba nemisebenzi emininzi kangaka kwixesha elizayo. Ukuhlwempuzeka kwexesha kwenza kube nzima ukuba amantombazana afumane imfundo ayidingayo ukuze aphumelele.
Ubuhlwempu bexesha bunokubangela imiba yezempilo
Ubuhlwempu bexesha yingxaki enkulu enokubangela ukuba abantu bagule. Xa abasetyhini kunye namantombazana benexesha labo, bafuna izinto ezikhethekileyo ezifana neepads okanye iitampon.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, abakwazi kuzifumana ezi zinto ngenxa yokuba zibiza kakhulu okanye azifumaneki. Ngoko ke, basebenzisa nantoni na abanokuyifumana, njengamaphephandaba okanye amadlavu amadala.
Ukusebenzisa ezi mpahla zethutyana kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezimandundu ezifana nosulelo, olunokubagulisa kakhulu okanye lude lubabulale. Nokuba banamaphedi okanye iikomityi eziphinda zisetyenziswe, kunzima ukuzigcina zicocekile ngaphandle kwezinto ezifana namanzi acocekileyo okanye umbane.
Ubuhlwempu bexesha ngumba onzima kuba uchaphazela impilo yabantu. Wonke umntu ufuna ukufikelela kwiimveliso zokuya esikhathini ngexesha lakhe, ukuze bahlale besempilweni kwaye bekhuselekile.
Impembelelo yeMpilo yeNgqondo yeXesha leNtlupheko, iSigqweso, kunye noCalucalulo
Ubuhlwempu bexesha buhamba ngaphaya kokuchaphazela impilo-ntle yomzimba; kuchaphazela impilo yengqondo ngokunjalo. Imingeni yokufumana izinto eziyimfuneko, kunye nebala kunye nocalucalulo olujikeleze ukuya exesheni, kunokukhokelela kuxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nokudakumba.
Uphononongo oluphawulwe kwiFrontiers kwiGlobal Women's Health, oluqhutywe eNepal, lubonise iziphumo ezothusayo zokunyanzelwa kwamantombazana ukuba alale ngaphandle okanye kwiindlwana ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lawo, okukhokelela ekubandezelekeni okukhulu kwengqondo.
Nakwiindawo ezingenazo izenzo ezigqithisileyo ngolo hlobo, ibala lisaqhubeka. Abantu baba neentloni xa bethenga izinto eziyimfuneko, basebenzisa ulwimi olufihlakeleyo ukuze baxubushe ngokuba sexesheni, yaye abafumani mfundo ngokubanzi ngokuba sexesheni.
Ezi zinto zidibene zinegalelo kwimbono yokuba amaxesha alihlazo kwaye alizothe. Ukuqaphela impembelelo ebanzi yemingeni enxulumene nexesha kwimpilo yengqondo kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni indawo yenkxaso kunye nokuqonda.
Funda kwakhona: Imizekelo eyi-10 eNcincisayo
Singenza Njani Sonke Ukulwa Nentlupheko Yexesha.
Ubuhlwempu bexesha ngumba wezempilo oxhaphakileyo kwihlabathi, ochaphazela amakhulu ezigidi zabantu. Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka kwayo, abantu abaninzi bahlala bengayazi le ngxaki ngenxa yebala lentlalo elijikeleze ukuya exesheni.
Noko ke, kukho amanyathelo asebenzisekayo anokwenziwa ngumntu wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuba unamava kangakanani na xa esexesheni, ukuze ahlangabezane nokulwa nobuhlwempu. Eli nqaku liphonononga iindlela ezintlanu ezilula kodwa ezinempembelelo zokufaka isandla kunobangela.
Ukuthetha malunga nentlupheko yexesha linyathelo lokuqala lokwazisa kunye nokuqhawula i-societal taboos. Abantu abaninzi bayesaba ukuxoxa ngalo mbandela ngenxa yokungakhululeki okunxulumene nokuba sexesheni.
Ngokuqalisa iingxoxo kwinethiwekhi yakho yentlalontle, ukuxhasa imibutho yenkxaso, kunye nokufumana amathuba okuthetha esidlangalaleni malunga nentlupheko yexesha, unokufaka isandla ekulungiseni incoko malunga nesi sihloko sibalulekileyo.
Enye indlela esebenzayo yokwenza umahluko kukuxhasa imibutho ezinikele ngokukodwa ukujongana nentlupheko yexesha. Imibutho emininzi yamalungelo abasetyhini kunye nokulingana ngokwesini igxile kulo mba, efana ne I-Alliance for Period Supplies, i Iprojekthi yePad, kunye neProjekthi yesidima. Le mibutho yenza imisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo, equka amaphulo okwazisa abantu, iindibano zokufundisana, nokusasazwa kwezinto zokuya exesheni.
Ukunikela ngemali kule mibutho kunokuba negalelo elikhulu kwinjongo yabo yokuphelisa intlupheko yexesha kunye nokukhusela amalungelo ezigidi. Ukongeza, cinga ngokunikela ngeemveliso zokuya esikhathini kumaqela asekuhlaleni, njengoko olu ncedo luthe ngqo lunokujongana neemfuno zangoku kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
Ukuqonda imiceli mngeni eyodwa enxulumene nentlupheko yexesha kwindawo ohlala kuyo kubalulekile kwisenzo esisebenzayo. Imiba ethile ejikeleze le ngxaki inokwahluka ngokubanzi, nakwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe elinye. Yenza uphando ukuze uchonge imiqobo exhaphakileyo abajongene nayo abantu abasexesheni kwindawo ohlala kuyo.
Umzekelo, ukunqongophala kokufikelela kumanzi acocekileyo kunokuba ngumqobo obalulekileyo kwindawo ethile, ngelixa kwenye, kugxilwe kwimiba ebanzi efana nemfundo. Uxhotyiswe ngolu lwazi lwasekhaya, unokwenza imizamo yakho yokujongana nemingeni ethile ejongene noluntu lwakho.
Ukuthethelela amanyathelo owiso-mthetho yindlela enamandla yokulwa nentlupheko yexesha elithile kwinqanaba lenkqubo. Imithetho ejongene nezikhewu zemivuzo yesini, ucalucalulo emsebenzini, inkxaso-mali yesikolo, kunye namalungelo abantu abaseluvalelweni inokuba nefuthe elimandla kwidabi lokulwa intlupheko yexesha elithile.
Nokuba yeyiphi na inkqubo yowiso-mthetho kwilizwe lakho, kukho iindlela zokwenza ilizwi lakho livakale. Koorhulumente abameleyo njengabo base-United States, ukubhala iileta eziya kwabezopolitiko bebakhuthaza ukuba bathathe amanyathelo ngemithetho echaphazela ubuhlwempu bexesha kunokusebenza. Ngokomeleza ukhuseleko lomthetho, uluntu lunokudala uphuculo oluhlala luhleli kubomi babo bachaphazelekayo.
Ukubamba ingxowa-mali yindlela esebenzayo nebandakanyayo yokwazisa kunye nemali ngesizathu. Iziganeko zokunyusa imali zinika ithuba lokunxibelelana namashishini asekuhlaleni, imibutho yobulungisa bentlalontle, kunye nabantu abanengqondo efanayo ababelana ngexabiso lakho.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zoluntu lwakho, unokumema abathathi-nxaxheba ukuba banikele ngemali kunye nezibonelelo. Nangona iminikelo yemali ibalulekile ekujonganeni nemiba ebanzi, ukuqokelela iimveliso zokuya esikhathini ngokuthe ngqo kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhawulezayo kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neebhanki zokutya. Ukugcina umkhondo ngononophelo weminikelo kunye nokwazisa abathathi-nxaxheba malunga nefuthe leminikelo yabo kunokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokucaca kwemizamo yakho yokunyusa ingxowa-mali.
Shiya iMpendulo