Uphando lwamatyala abandayo ludla ngokufuna ubungqina obongezelelweyo obuphathekayo. Ukuqonda iimeko ezibandayo kwaye ubone imizekelo esonjululweyo, kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu zabo.
Amatyala abandayo luphando lolwaphulo-mthetho olungasonjululwanga oluye lwasebenza ixesha elide. Ezi meko ziswele ukhokelo olutsha kunye nengqalelo esebenzayo efunyanwa ngamatyala amatsha. Ukuzivuselela, abaphandi bahlala bexhomekeke kubungqina obubonakalayo, njengoko bunokumelana novavanyo lwexesha ngcono kuneeakhawunti zamangqina okanye ezinye iintlobo zolwazi.
Iimpawu zeemeko ezibandayo ziquka iminyaka yazo, ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka. Ukunqongophala kwenkqubela phambili kunye nokungabikho kwezikhokelo zamva nje kwenza kube nzima. Imizekelo yamatyala abandayo asonjululwe ibonisa ukubaluleka kokunyamezela kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji yophando. Amatyala afana nala asenokubandakanya ukubulala, abantu abalahlekileyo, okanye olunye ulwaphulo-mthetho olumandundu.
Ukuqonda uhlobo lwamatyala abandayo kunye nokufunda izisombululo eziyimpumelelo kunokukhanyisa iindlela kunye nezicwangciso ezisetyenziswa ngabaphandi. Olu lwazi lubalulekile kwabo banomdla kubulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesayensi yezophando.
Yintoni ICase Cold?
Ityala elibandayo libhekisa kulwaphulo-mthetho abangekasombululi ngokusemthethweni abaphandi. Xa kusonjululwa ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuba namangqina acacileyo, abarhanelwa kunye nobungqina kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto, amatyala anokujika abandayo, ashiye amasebe amapolisa kunye neearhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho njenge-FBI edidekile. Impembelelo yamatyala angasonjululwanga kwiintsapho zamaxhoba kwiimeko ezifana nokubulawa okungasonjululwanga, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo, okanye abantu abalahlekileyo kunokuba buhlungu.
Uphando oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho, olufana nokubulawa kwabantu kunye nohlaselo ngokwesondo kumazwe athile, alunammiselo wokusikelwa umda kwaye lunokuqhubeka ixesha elide njengoko kuyimfuneko. Amaqela amatyala abandayo azinikele ekuvuleni kwakhona la matyala angasonjululwanga kwaye afune ngenkuthalo ubungqina obutsha, kubandakanya amathambo abantu, iminwe, iiakhawunti zamangqina okuzibonela kwindawo yesiganeko solwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nemifanekiso yekhamera. Ukongeza, isayensi yezophando idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni amatyala amadala kunye nokuphonononga iziphumo zophando lokuqala. Iinzame ezizingileyo zeeyunithi zamatyala abandayo zijolise ekuziseni ukuvalwa kweentsapho kunye nobulungisa kulwaphulo-mthetho olungasonjululwanga.
Funda kwakhona: Yintoni i-Case Study: Inkcazo, iindidi, imizekelo
Iimpawu zeemeko ezibandayo
Amatyala abandayo abeka umngeni wokusonjululwa ngenxa yendalo yawo engaqondakaliyo kunye nexesha eligqithileyo. La matyala ahlala engasonjululwa ixesha elide, okwenza kube nzima kubaphandi ukuba bafumane imikhondo eyimfuneko. Ngezantsi zizinye zeempawu zemeko yokubanda:
Iimfihlakalo ezingasombululwanga
Amatyala abandayo abandakanya iimeko ezididayo, ezidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nolwaphulo-mthetho olunzulu njengezenzo zobundlobongela. Kwezi meko, abantu ngabom benza kube nzima ukufumana ubungqina. Olunye uhlobo lwetyala elibandayo libandakanya ababulali abalandelanayo abahlala betshintsha indawo abahlala kuyo, bebeka isoyikiso esiqhubekayo kukhuseleko loluntu. Ukongeza, abantu abangaziwayo, abangenazo ii-ID ezicacileyo okanye ezinye iindlela zokuzazisa, banokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezibandayo.
Ngokubanzi, iimeko ezibandayo ziyimfihlakalo ezihlala zingasombululwanga ixesha elide. Ezi mfihlelo zinokujikeleza kulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela, apho umntu onoxanduva athatha amanyathelo okufihla ubungqina. Ababulali be-serial abaqhubeka betshintsha indawo yabo, babe zizisongelo eziqhubekayo, bayinxalenye yamatyala abandayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantu abangaziwayo ngaphandle kokuchongwa ngokufanelekileyo baba ngabahlohli bezi mfihlakalo zingasonjululwanga.
2. Imingeni yexesha
Amatyala abandayo, okanye amatyala angasonjululwanga, ahlala ejongana nexesha elide ngaphandle kobungqina obutsha. Oku kuxhaphake ngakumbi kulwaphulo-mthetho kwiminyaka okanye kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo xa ubuchwephesha obuphambili babungafumaneki lula ukuchonga umenzi wobubi okanye ukufumana umrhanelwa wokuqala. Kwiimeko zokubulala okungasonjululwanga kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho, iintsapho zamaxhoba zinokucela uphononongo lokuhlola inkqubela yophando. Ngelishwa, ezinye iimeko ezibandayo zihlala zingasonjululwanga, ziqaqambisa ubunzima obubangelwa lixesha kunye neendlela zophando eziphelelwe lixesha.
Ukunqongophala kwempumelelo kunokubalelwa kukungabikho kwenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji enokunceda ekuchongeni aboni ngesondo okanye ekufumaneni abarhanelwa bokuqala. Njengoko ixesha lihamba, amathuba okusombulula la matyala aya encipha, nto leyo eshiya iintsapho zinemibuzo engaphendulekiyo nophando misa ngxi.
Nophononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha, inyani iyazingisa ukuba ezinye iimeko ezibandayo zinokungaze zisibone isisombululo. Oku kugxininisa imingeni ehlala ihleli ebangelwa kukuhamba kwexesha kolu phando.
Imizekelo yeCase Cold
1. Imfihlelo Yokunyamalala kukaShaun Ritchie
UShaun Ritchie wanyamalala ngo-2014 xa wayeneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala. Ukugqibelana kwakhe nabani na ukumbona kwakummandla waseStrichen eAberdeenshire, eSkotlani. Okulusizi kukuba, ityala lokulahleka kwakhe alikasonjululwa.
Usapho lukaRitchie luqinisekile ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho umntu owambulalayo ngenxa yetyala. Nangona bekrokra, abasemagunyeni abakhange bamfumane umntu onoxanduva, nto leyo eshiya intsapho ikwimeko yokungaqiniseki nentlungu.
Yimeko edidayo, kuba akukho mntu waziyo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kuShaun emva kokuba egqibele ukubonwa. Idolophu encinci yaseStrichen ibambe isitshixo sokuvula imfihlakalo, kodwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, imikhondo ihlala inzima.
Ukunyamalala kukaShaun Ritchie libali elothusayo elishiye usapho lwakhe lufuna iimpendulo. Ukungasonjululwa kwetyala kuye kwabeka isithunzi kubomi babo, kwaye ukukhangela ubulungisa kuyaqhubeka. Uluntu luhlala luthe gqolo, lunethemba lokuba ngenye imini, inyani ngokuduka kukaShaun iya kucaca.
2. Ukunyamalala kweminyaka elishumi kaTanya Nicole Kach
Kwisiganeko esibuhlungu, uTanya Nicole Kach, umfundi webanga lesibhozo, wanyamalala kangangeminyaka elishumi xa unogada wesikolo ogama linguThomas Hose wamqweqwedisa. Kangangeminyaka elishumi, uHose wamgcina evalelwe kwigumbi lakhe lokulala elikumgangatho wesibini. Ngokungummangaliso, wakwazi ukusaba ekuthinjweni. Ingxaki ebuhlungu ekugqibeleni yakhokelela kubulungisa xa uThomas Hose wavuma ityala ngo-2007.
Esi siganeko siphakamise inkxalabo ngokhuseleko lwabafundi saza saqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa amanyathelo okhuseleko angqingqwa kumaziko emfundo. Ibali likaTanya lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo esicacileyo semingcipheko enokubakho abantu abasesichengeni abanokujongana nayo kunye nemfuneko yemigudu ephaphileyo yokukhusela impilo-ntle yabafundi.
Eli tyala likwabethelela ukomelela kwabasindileyo abafana noTanya, owathi, ngokuchasene nazo zonke iingxaki, wakwazi ukukhululeka kubukhoboka beminyaka elishumi. Isebenza njengobungqina bokubaluleka kokwazisa uluntu kunye neenzame zentsebenziswano zokuthintela kunye nokujongana neziganeko ezinjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwabantu ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yezemfundo.
3. Ityala elibuhlungu likaMorgan Harrington
UMorgan Harrington wayengumfundi wekholeji oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ubudala eVirginia Tech. Walahleka ngexesha lekonsathi yaseMetallica ngo-2009. Amapolisa afumanisa umzimba wakhe kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva koko, kwaye kwacaca ukuba ubulewe.
Emva kweminyaka emininzi, iingcali ze-forensic kunye neekhamera zokhuseleko zanceda ukuchonga umntu ojongene nokufa kwakhe: U-Jesse L. Matthew, Jr. Kwakhona wafumanisa ukuba wabulala omnye umfundi wekholeji, uHannah Graham waseYunivesithi yaseVirginia, kwi-2014.
Kwi-2016, u-Jesse L. Matthew, Jr. wavuma ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye wafunyanwa enetyala. Oku kuphelise ityala, kodwa akukwazanga ukucima intlungu kunye nelahleko efunyenwe ziintsapho kunye noluntu oluchatshazelwe zezi ziganeko zibuhlungu.
Shiya iMpendulo