Ukuba uziva ungaqinisekanga malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza amatsheyini okutya ahluke kwi-webs yokutya, ayinguwe wedwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, silapha ukuze sikucacisele izinto. Masicazulule iziseko zamatsheyini okutya kunye neeweb zokutya ngendlela ekulula ukuyiqonda. Ezi ngcamango zibalulekile kwii-ecologists njengoko zityhila ubudlelwane obuntsonkothileyo phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana ngaphakathi kwe-ikhosistim.
Itsheyini lokutya lifana nebali malunga nokuba ngubani otya bani ngomgca othe ngqo. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wengonyama itya iqwarhashe, yaye unombono wakho. Kwelinye icala, iwebhu yokutya ifana newebhu entsonkothileyo yamabali anxibeleleneyo. Ibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo kwi-ikhosistim, ibonisa unxibelelwano oluntsonkothileyo olugcina ubomi.
Ngokuqonda ezi ngqikelelo, i-ecologists ifumana ukuqonda okubalulekileyo malunga nendlela iindidi ezahlukeneyo ezixhomekeke kwenye ukuze ziphile. Ke, masingene kwihlabathi lamatsheyina okutya kunye neewebhu zokutya ukuze sinciphise indima yezityalo nezilwanyana kwi-ikhosistim yethu.
Yintoni iTyeyini lokuTya?
Ikhonkco lokutya lifana nomgca obonisa indlela amandla ahamba ngayo ukusuka kwenye into ephilayo ukuya kwenye kwindalo. Iqala ngamandla avela elangeni. Emva koko, la mandla ahamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, enye emva kwenye.
Umzekelo, makhe sijonge ikhonkco lokutya elilula: Ilanga → Ingca → Iqwarhashe → Ingonyama. Ilanga linika amandla engceni, etyiwa liqwarhashe. Emva koko, ingonyama ilitya iqwarha.
Amakhonkco okutya asifundisa ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo zifumana njani amandla ekutyeni. Zikwabonisa ukuba izondlo zihamba njani ukusuka kolunye uhlobo ukuya kolunye ecaleni kwekhonkco.
Ngoku, qwalasela ikhonkco lokutya elintsonkothileyo: Ilanga → Ingca → Intethe → Impuku → Inyoka → Ukhetshe. Kweli tyathanga, ingca itya ingca, impuku itya inkumbi, inyoka itya impuku, ekugqibeleni, ukhetshe utya inyoka.
Ke, amakhonkco okutya asinceda ukuba siqonde indlela amandla kunye nezondlo ezihamba ngayo zendalo, ukusuka kwizityalo ukuya kwizilwanyana, ezinkulu nezincinane.
Amanqanaba eTrophic kwikhonkco lokutya
Kwi-ecosystem, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ziqokelelwa ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo abizwa ngokuba ngamanqanaba etrophic. La manqanaba anceda i-ecologists ukuba ifunde kwaye iqonde iindima ezithile zezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem. Makhe sijonge kwinqanaba ngalinye letrophic kwikhonkco lokutya.
1. Abavelisi
Kwi-ecosystem, inqanaba lokuqala lihlala abavelisi. Ezi zinto ziphilayo zibizwa ngokuba ngabavelisi kuba ziyakwazi ukuzenzela ukutya. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izidalwa, azithembeli komnye umntu ngamandla azo.
Abavelisi ikakhulu basebenzisa amandla eLanga kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiphotosynthesis ukuvelisa amandla abo kunye nezondlo. Izityalo ziwela kolu didi, njenge-algae, i-phytoplankton, kunye nezinye iintlobo zebhaktheriya.
Ezi zidalwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ulungelelwaniso lwamandla kwi-ikhosistim, zisebenza njengesiseko sekhonkco lokutya lonke. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuvelisa ngokuzimeleyo isondlo sabo kuyabahlula njengabanegalelo elibalulekileyo kwimpilo iyonke kunye nokusebenza kwe-ecosystem.
2. Abathengi
Abathengi kwikhonkco lokutya
Abathengi badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokutya, emele inqanaba elilandelayo letrophic emva kwabavelisi. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zabathengi: i-herbivores, i-carnivores, kunye ne-omnivores.
- Iingcango zezityalo: Aba ngabathengi abaphambili abasebenzisa izityalo kuphela. Imizekelo iquka amaxhama, imivundla, amahashe, iinkomo, iigusha, nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukeneyo. Uhlaza luyakwazi ukutya iindawo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, njengamagqabi, amasebe, iziqhamo, amaqunube, amandongomane, ingca, iintyatyambo, iingcambu, okanye umungu.
- Izilwanyana ezidla inyama: Izilwanyana ezidla inyama ngabathengi abondla kuphela ezinye izilwanyana. Imizekelo yezilwanyana ezitya inyama ziquka iikati, ookhetshe, ookrebe, amasele, izikhova, nezigcawu.
- Omnivores: IiOmnivores zinokutya okubandakanya zombini izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Iibhere, abantu, iiraccoons, iiprimates ezininzi, kunye neentaka ezininzi zithathwa njenge-omnivores.
Njengoko abathengi benyusa ikhonkco lokutya, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo avela. Abathengi abaphambili, njengezilwanyana ezitya utyani, batya izityalo kuphela, ngelixa abathengi besibini bexhaphaza abanye abathengi. Ngokomzekelo, imouse iya kuba ngumthengi wesibini, kwaye abathengi bemfundo ephakamileyo badla abathengi besibini - njengenyoka kumzekelo onikiweyo.
Ikhonkco lokutya liphelela kwi-apex predator, ehlala phezulu. Kumzekelo onikiweyo, ukhetshe lirhamncwa eliphakamileyo. Eminye imizekelo yezilwanyana ezitya i-apex kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zendalo ziquka iingonyama, ii-bobcats, iingonyama zeentaba, kunye nookrebe abakhulu abamhlophe. Ukuqonda iindima zabathengi kunceda ekukhanyiseni iwebhu entsonkothileyo yobudlelwane ngaphakathi kwi-ikhosistim.
3. Ababolisi
Izibolisi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo njengekhonkco lokugqibela kwikhonkco lokutya. Ezi zinto ziphilayo ziluncedo, ingakumbi iintsholongwane nomngundo, ziyakhula xa zisitya izinto ezibolileyo njengezityalo nezilwanyana ezifileyo. Njengoko zisitya, izibolisi ziyaziqhekeza ezi zinto zize ziziguqule zibe ngumhlaba onezondlo ezininzi. Le nkqubo ibalulekile ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kwezondlo zibuyele kokusingqongileyo.
Umhlaba otyebileyo ngezondlo owenziwe ngababolisi uba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwizityalo. Izityalo zifunxa ezi zondlo ukuze zivelise ukutya kwazo ngephotosynthesis, nto leyo eqalisa umjikelo omtsha wekhonkco lokutya. Ngokusisiseko, ababolisi basebenza njengabasebenzi bokucoca bendalo, besasayikilisha ngokufanelekileyo iintsalela zezinto eziphila kanye zibe zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo ezigcina umjikelo wobomi oqhubekayo kwi-ikhosistim.
Ngamagama alula, izibolisi zinceda ukugcina ulungelelwaniso lwendalo ngokuguqula inkunkuma ibe zizondlo eziluncedo kwizityalo, zenza umjikelo oqhubekayo oxhasa ukusinda kwezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kwi-ecosystem.
Yintoni iWebhu yoKutya?
Iiwebhu zokutya zifana nomfanekiso omkhulu wokuba ngubani otya ntoni kwindawo ethile. Esikhundleni sokubonisa nje umgca olula ukusuka elangeni ukuya kwizityalo ukuya kwizilwanyana, zityhila indlela zonke izinto eziphilayo kwindawo edibeneyo. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wewebhu enkulu enemisonto emininzi - umsonto ngamnye ubonisa indlela eyahlukileyo yezilwanyana ezifumana ngayo ukutya kwazo.
Ngamagama alula, iwebhu yokutya liqela lamatyathanga okutya adibeneyo. La matyathanga asixelela malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kwi indawo ethile. Ngokujonga kuthungelwano lokutya, izazinzulu zinokuqonda indlela izilwanyana nezityalo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezixhomekeke ngayo kwezinye ukuze ziphile. Kufana nokubona isiphithiphithi esintsonkothileyo sobomi kwindalo.
Ke, endaweni yokucinga ngendalo njengomgca othe tye, yifanekisele njengenethiwekhi entsonkothileyo apho yonke into ixhomekeke omnye komnye. Uthungelwano lokutya lusinceda sibone unxibelelwano olumangalisayo phakathi kwezityalo nezilwanyana, nto leyo ebonisa ukulungelelana okucekethekileyo kobomi kwi-ikhosistim yethu.
Shiya iMpendulo