Amabinzana namagatya afana neebhloko zokwakha izivakalisi. Bobabini badlala indima ebalulekileyo, kodwa amagatya akhethekileyo kuba ziingcamango ezipheleleyo ezinokuzimela zodwa. Zicinge njengezivakalisi ezipheleleyo kwizivakalisi ezinkulu.
Amabinzana ngamaqela amagama asebenza kunye kodwa engavezi ngcamango epheleleyo. Badla ngokusebenza njengeenxalenye zesivakalisi, bongeza iinkcukacha okanye ulwazi.
Amagatya, kwelinye icala, anesihloko (ngubani okanye sithetha ngantoni isivakalisi) kunye nesenzi (into eyenziwa ngumxholo okanye isenzo eyenzekayo). Banokwenza ingqiqo ngokwabo kwaye bangathembeli kwisivakalisi sonke ukuba siqondwe.
Ukuqonda amabinzana namagatya kubalulekile kwigrama yesiNgesi kuba asinceda sakhe izivakalisi ezicacileyo nezinentsingiselo. Zinika ukwakheka nobunzulu bokubhala kwethu, zisivumela ukuba siveze izimvo ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi. Ukwazi indlela yokuzisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo kunokukwenza ukuba ukubhala kwakho kube namandla kwaye kubandakanyeke ngakumbi kubafundi.
Yintoni ibinzana?
Ibinzana yingqokelela yamagama anokuquka iindawo ezibalulekileyo zesivakalisi, ezifana nesibizo okanye isenzi. Noko ke, ngokungafaniyo nesivakalisi esipheleleyo, ibinzana alinazo zombini intloko (lowo wenza isenzo) kunye nesivisa (esikuxelela into eyenziwa yintloko). Kunoko, yongeza iinkcukacha okanye ulwazi kwisivakalisi ngokuthetha ngombandela, injongosenzi, isenzi okanye umongo.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uthi, “indlu endala ngasemlanjeni,” eli qela lamagama libumba ibinzana, linikela iinkcukacha ezongezelelekileyo ngesibizo esithi “indlu.” Amabinzana enza izivakalisi zichaze ngakumbi okanye zicacise.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngelixa izivakalisi ziyilwa ngamabinzana, ukukhupha ibinzana kwisivakalisi kunokulenza libe sisivakalisi esipheleleyo ngokwako. Amabinzana asebenza kunye namanye amagama ukuze agqithise ngokupheleleyo iingcinga kunye neengcinga.
Ukuqonda amabinzana kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezivakalisi eziwudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo umyalezo ocetywayo. Zisebenza njengeebhloko zokwakha ezibalulekileyo ezongeza ubunzulu kunye neenkcukacha kulwimi lwethu, zisinceda ukuba sizichaze ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi.
8 Iintlobo zamabinzana kwigrama yesiNgesi
Kwihlabathi legrama yesiNgesi, iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamabinzana zidlala indima eyahlukeneyo. La mabinzana, ayimfuneko ekwakheni izivakalisi, aza ngeendlela ezisibhozo ezahlukeneyo:
1. Amabinzana ezibizo
Ibinzana lesibizo libandakanya isibizo kunye namagama alichazayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi “Umfundi onesiphiwo nokrelekrele uya kuphumelela,” ibinzana lesibizo lithi “umfundi onesiphiwo, okrelekrele.” Kufana neqela lamagama elisixelela ngomntu, indawo, into, okanye ingcamango.
Izichazi, amagama achaza izibizo, ayinxalenye yamabinzana ezibizo nawo. Banceda ukunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe ngesibizo. Ukuqonda amabinzana ezibizo kusinceda sakhe izivakalisi ezingcono, nto leyo eyenza ukubhala kwethu kuchaze ngakumbi kwaye kube nomdla. Kufana nokuba nesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokwenza imifanekiso ecacileyo ezingqondweni zethu xa thina funda okanye ubhale.
2. Amabinzana asenzi
Ibinzana lesenzi libandakanya isenzi kunye namagama aso achaza okanye aguqula isenzo. Ngokomzekelo, kwibinzana elithi “Ikati ilele ngoxolo,” ibinzana lesenzi elithi “ilele ngoxolo.” La mabinzana abonisa izenzo, iintetho, okanye izenzeko kwisivakalisi. Zinokuqulatha izenzi ezincedisayo (ezifana no “yi,” “waye,” okanye “iyakuba”) kunye nezihlomelo (ezifana “ngokukhawuleza,” okanye “ngokonwaba”) ezinika iinkcukacha ezithe chatha malunga nesenzo.
Ukuqonda amabinzana ezenzi kunceda ekuqondeni indlela izenzo ezenzeka ngayo kunye namabinzana azo kwizivakalisi. Ngokomzekelo, elithi, “Ebeqhelisela ngenyameko” libonisa ibinzana lesenzi elithi “wayeqhelisela ngokukhutheleyo,” nto leyo ebonisa umgudu awayewusebenzisa ngokuqhubekayo.
Funda kwakhona: Amagama eSlang aseMelika
3. Gerund Amabinzana
Ibinzana elithi gerund liqala ngesenzi esiphela ku--ing, esebenza njengesibizo. Ngokomzekelo, “ukufunda iincwadi kumnandi.” Apha, "ukufunda iincwadi" kusebenza njengebinzana le-gerund. La mabinzana asebenza njengezihloko, izinto, okanye izihlomelo kwizivakalisi. Zinokubandakanya izilungisi, njengezichazi okanye izihlomelo.
Ukuqaphela amabinzana e-gerund kunceda ekubambeni indima yabo kwizivakalisi. Zibonisa izenzo okanye imisebenzi kwaye zibalulekile ekwakheni izivakalisi ezicacileyo nezicacileyo. Ukuchonga nokusebenzisa amabinzana egerund ngokuchanekileyo kwandisa izakhono zokunxibelelana, inceda ekubhaleni nasekuthetheni ngempumelelo. Ukugqwesa kwezi zakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukuqondwa ngcono kwesakhiwo sezivakalisi kunye negrama.
4. Amabinzana angenasiphelo
Ibinzana elingenasiphelo, eliqala ngegama elithi “ukuya,” linesenzi esingenasiphelo. Ibonisa oko umntu afuna ukukwenza okanye anenjongo yokukwenza. Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi "iphupha likaGerard kukufunda iiklasikhi," ibinzana elingapheliyo lithi "ukufunda iiklasikhi." Ichaza umnqweno kaGerard wokufunda ngeencwadi zakudala okanye izifundo. Amabinzana angenasiphelo angachaza iinjongo, iminqweno, okanye iinjongo ngendlela ecacileyo nemfutshane.
La mabinzana adla ngokulandela izenzi ezinjengathi “funa,” “ceba,” okanye “themba.” Ukuziqonda kunceda ekuqondeni iinjongo zomntu okanye iinjongo kwisivakalisi.
5. Amabinzana avumayo
Ibinzana elivumayo longeza iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nesibizo. Liqela lamagama amiswe zikoma ezinika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesibizo. Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi “Umntakwethu, uMalcolm, sisazinzulu,” “uMalcolm” libinzana elichaza ngakumbi “ngomntakwethu.”
La mabinzana anika iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo okanye ezingabalulekanga. Banceda ukucacisa okanye ukongeza ulwazi olunomdla kwisivakalisi. Nokuba kukuchonga umntu ngobudlelwane babo okanye ukunika iinyani ezongezelelweyo, amabinzana avumayo enza izivakalisi zichaze ngakumbi kwaye zibandakanye.
6. Amabinzana athatha inxaxheba
Ibinzana lokuthatha inxaxheba liqala ngesenzi esiguqula ukwenza njengesichazi okanye isibizo. Inceda ekuchazeni izenzo okanye ukuchaza izinto kwisivakalisi. Ngokomzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi, “Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya, uJack waya kulala,” ibinzana elithi “Emva kokuwugqiba umsebenzi wakhe wesikolo owenzelwa ekhaya.” Yongeza iinkcukacha ezingakumbi ngokuthetha ngento eyenzekayo ngaphambi kokuba uJack alale.
La mabinzana, aqulunqwe ngokuthatha inxaxheba angoku okanye kwixesha elidlulileyo, enza izivakalisi zibe nomdla ngakumbi kwaye anike ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nezenzo okanye izifundo. Zifana nesithako esiyimfihlo esinonga indlela esizivakalisa ngayo ngokubhala.
7. Amabinzana abekwa phambili
Ibinzana lesimelabizo lisebenzisa amagama anjengala “ku,” “ngaphakathi,” okanye “nge” ukubonisa ukuba iphi okanye njani into. Thabatha esi sivakalisi: "Umbhaki wafaka i-icing kwikhekhe." Apha, ibinzana elithi "kwikhekhe," lisixelela apho i-icing ihambe khona. La mabinzana angaxela ngendawo, ixesha, isalathiso, okanye ubudlelwane. Ngokomzekelo, "phantsi kwetafile," "emini," okanye "kunye nomhlobo wam."
Bongeza iinkcukacha kwizivakalisi, bezenza zicace ngakumbi. Ukuqonda amabinzana abekwa phambi kwezivakalisi kunceda ekubhaleni nasekuthetheni kuba anika ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesihloko kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo, esenza izivakalisi zichaze ngakumbi kwaye zibandakanye.
8. Amabinzana apheleleyo
Ibinzana elipheleleyo liqulethe intloko ngaphandle kwesenzi sesenzo kwaye lilungisa isivakalisi siphela. Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngesivakalisi esithi, “Walishiya igumbi, isinqe sakhe sijinga.” Apha, ibinzana elipheleleyo elithi "ukugungqa kwesinqe sakhe" alinasenzi kodwa longeza iinkcukacha ezichazayo.
La mabinzana adla ngokuqulatha isibizo kunye nesenzo-nxaxheba (i-i-i-i-i-i-iform yesenzi). Banika ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga negatya eliphambili, elihlala livakalisa izenzo zaxeshanye okanye iimeko. Ngelixa ingesiso isivakalisi esipheleleyo ngokwaso, ibinzana elipheleleyo longeza ukuqonda ngokunika umxholo okanye inkcazelo eyongezelelweyo. Basenokuzisa ubunzulu nobunzulu bokubhala, bepeyinta umfanekiso oneenkcukacha ezingakumbi kumfundi.
Funda kwakhona: 85 Izifaniso Imizekelo
Yintoni iGatya?
Igatya liqela lamagama abumba inxalenye yesivakalisi aze avakalise ingcamango epheleleyo. Igatya ngalinye linamacandelo amabini abalulekileyo: intloko (umntu oyintloko, into, okanye ingcamango) kunye nesenzi (isenzo okanye isimo sobuntu). Banokuzimela bodwa njengesivakalisi okanye basebenze kunye kwisivakalisi esikhulu. Izivakalisi ziquka amagatya azimeleyo, anokuzimela yedwa, namagatya axhomekeke kwigatya elizimeleyo ukugqibezela intsingiselo yawo.
Umzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi “Ikati yaleqa impuku,” “Ikati” yintloko, kwaye “ukuleqa” sisenzi, kuyenza igatya elizimeleyo kuba inokuzimela yodwa. Noko ke, kwisivakalisi esithi “Xa ikati ileqa impuku,” “Xa ikati ileqa impuku” ligatya elixhomekeke kuyo elifuna inkcazelo engakumbi ukuze lenze ingcinga epheleleyo.
Ukuqonda amagatya kusinceda siyile izivakalisi ezakhiwe kakuhle kwaye sidlulise iingcamango ezicacileyo. Zisenza sikwazi ukuchaza izenzo, iindawo, iindawo, kunye nokunye malunga nemibandela esiyixoxayo.
Iindidi ezi-4 zamagatya kwigrama yesiNgesi
Kwigrama yesiNgesi, kukho iindidi ezine eziphambili zamagatya, ngalinye lisebenza ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ekwakhiweni kwezivakalisi. La magatya adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvakaliseni iingcamango nasekudibaniseni iingcinga kwisivakalisi.
1. Imihlathi ephambili kwizivakalisi
Igatya eliyintloko kwisivakalisi lenziwe yintloko kunye nesenzi. Isenokuba sisivakalisi ngokwayo okanye idityaniswe nenye indawo ukunika iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe. Ngokomzekelo, kwincwadi kaLeo Tolstoy ethi War and Peace, kukho isivakalisi esilula, “Amathontsi athontsiza.” Apha, “amathontsi” sisibizo, kwaye “ithontsi” sisenzi, esenza igatya eliyintloko.
Xa amagatya amabini aphambili edityaniswe nesiphumlisi kunye nesihlanganisi solungelelwaniso, enza isivakalisi esimbaxa. Umzekelo uya kuba, "Inja yam yayingaphumli, ngoko siye sahambahamba."
Amagatya aphambili ziibhloko zokwakha zezivakalisi. Ziqulethe izinto ezibalulekileyo ezidlulisela iingcamango ezipheleleyo. Ngokomzekelo, “Ikati yalala” ligatya eliyintloko kuba linentloko (“ikati”) kunye nesenzi (“yalala”), esenza ingcamango epheleleyo.
Ukuqonda amagatya aphambili kunceda ekwakheni izivakalisi ezinentsingiselo. Banika ukwakheka kunye nokucaca kwinto esinxibelelana ngayo, isenza sikwazi ukuvakalisa izimvo zethu ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Imihlathi engaphantsi
Igatya elayamileyo, elidla ngokunxulunyaniswa ngamagama anjengathi “kuba,” “njengoko,” okanye “ngoxa,” yinxalenye encinane yesivakalisi esinxibelelene nengcamango eyintloko. Isenokudibanisa negatya eliyintloko isebenzisa amagama alungelelanisayo afana no-“okanye,” “kodwa,” okanye “okwangoku.” Xa limi lodwa, igatya elayamileyo lisenokubonakala njengesivakalisi esipheleleyo, kodwa lifuna igama eliqhagamshelayo ukuze libe nentsingiselo kumxholo omkhulu.
Ngokomzekelo, thatha isivakalisi esithi "Wawa ngenxa yokuba wakhubeka." Apha, “ngokuba wakhubeka” ligatya elingaphantsi, lisongeza iinkcukacha ezingakumbi ngesizathu sokuwa kwakhe. Ayivezi ngcamango epheleleyo ngokwayo kodwa izalisekisa ingcamango ephambili kwisivakalisi.
Amagatya angaphantsi anika ulwazi olongezelelweyo, acacise iinkcukacha, okanye abonise unxulumano phakathi kwamalungu ahlukeneyo esivakalisi. Zongeza ubunzulu kunye nobunzima kunxibelelwano lwethu ngokubonelela ngomxholo kunye nengcaciso. Ukuqonda indlela asebenza ngayo la magatya kwisakhiwo sesivakalisi kunceda ekwakheni unxibelelwano olucacileyo noluchanekileyo.
3. Imihlathi yesichazi
Igatya lesichazi ngamanye amaxesha libizwa ngokuba ligatya lesihlomelo, yinxalenye yesivakalisi esingakwaziyo ukuzimela sodwa kwaye sidityaniswa nesivakalisi esiyintloko ngamagama afana nala “ngubani,” “ngubani,” “kabani,” “ngubani,” okanye “laa .” Isenokunxibelelana namagama anjengala “nini,” “phi,” okanye “kutheni.” Ngamagama alula, inika ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nesibizo okanye isimelabizo kwisivakalisi esiyintloko.
Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni woku: xa usongeza iinkcukacha kwisivakalisi esimalunga nomntu, into, okanye imeko, usenokusebenzisa igatya lesichazi. Ngokomzekelo, kwisivakalisi esithi, “Walila xa uBrad wamlahlayo,” inxalenye ethi “xa uBrad wamlahlayo” ligatya lesichazi. Icacisa ngakumbi malunga nexesha okanye imeko ebangela ukukhala.
La magatya anceda ukwenza izivakalisi zethu zityebe kwaye zicace ngakumbi. Zinikela iinkcukacha ezithe ngqo ezisinceda siqonde ukuba ngubani, yintoni, nini, phi, kutheni, okanye njani imeko. Nokuba ichaza umntu, indawo, okanye isiganeko, amagatya ezichazi ongeza ubunzulu kunye nomxholo kule nto siyithethayo.
4. Amagatya ezibizo
Igatya lesibizo lifana nenxalenye ekhethekileyo yesivakalisi ethatha indawo yesibizo. Khawucinge ukuba unesivakalisi: "Imbasa yegolide iya kophumeleleyo." Ewe, ungayitshintsha kancinci kwaye uthi, "Imbasa yegolide iya kuye nabani na ophumelele ugqatso." 'Yabona ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na apho? “Nabani na ophumelele ugqatso” wayengenelela “ophumeleleyo.” Leyo igatya lesibizo esenza into yalo!
Cinga ngegatya lesibizo njengendawo yesibizo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa liyinto emnandi kakhulu. Ayilogama nje elinye; liqela elipheleleyo lamagama asebenza njengesibizo. Ke, endaweni yokuthetha into elula efana “nomntu” okanye “indawo,” usebenzisa isivakalisi esincinci ukwenza umsebenzi.
Xa ubona igatya lesibizo, kufana nokufumana isicatshulwa esiyimfihlo kwisivakalisi. Ikhona, yenza umsebenzi wesibizo, kodwa inde kwaye ineenkcukacha ezininzi. Intle kakhulu indlela esinokutshintsha ngayo izinto kwizivakalisi ukuze sizenze zibe nomdla ngakumbi, akunjalo?
Funda kwakhona: 59 Izikweko Imizekelo
Imihlathi vs. Amabinzana kwizivakalisi
Xa sibhala izivakalisi, kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwamagatya namabinzana. Igatya yingcamango epheleleyo enentloko kunye nesenzi. Kwelinye icala, ibinzana yingqokelela yamagama ongeza iinkcukacha kwimixholo okanye kwizinto ezikwisivakalisi kodwa angenzi ngcamango epheleleyo ngokwawo.
Amagatya, ngakumbi aphantsi okanye azalanayo, ahlala efuna Izihlanganisi ukuwadibanisa nesivakalisi esiyintloko. Ngaphandle kolu longezelelo, zisenentloko kunye nesenzi. Kwizivakalisi ezintsonkothileyo, amagatya asenokuquka ibinzana elinye okanye amabini, kodwa la mabinzana akanakusebenza ngokuzimeleyo.
Ngokomzekelo, khawucinge ngoku: “Ikati, ihleli emethini, ileqa impuku. Apha, “ukuhlala emethini” libinzana eliguqula umxholo othi “ikati.” Noko ke, “Ikati yaleqa impuku” ligatya elipheleleyo elenza ingcamango epheleleyo.
Ukuqonda amagatya namabinzana kunceda ekwakhiweni kwezivakalisi ezidlulisela iingcamango ezipheleleyo nezinika iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo. Amagatya anika izivakalisi ukwakheka nokuthungelana ngokunikezela ngezimvo ezipheleleyo, ngelixa amabinzana esomeleza izivakalisi ngokongeza izakhi ezichazayo ngaphandle kokwenza iingcinga ezipheleleyo ngokwazo.
Shiya iMpendulo