ISwitzerland idume ngezinga layo eliphezulu lempilo, ingqalasizinda ethuthuke kahle, nokuzibophezela ekusimamiseni imvelo.
Isihluthulelo sempumelelo yeSwitzerland kanye nokuzwana kwezenhlalo kusekwehlukeni kwayo okucebile, okubangelwa izilimi ezine ezisemthethweni zaleli zwe. Umbuzo uthi; yiziphi izilimi ezikhulunywa eSwitzerland?
Ngokungafani neminye imiphakathi enezilimi eziningi, iSwitzerland iphumelela ukugwema ukungezwani okuvamile emphakathini. Ikhono labantu baseSwitzerland lokukhuluma izilimi ezine ezisemthethweni lisebenza njengamandla amakhulu.
Nakuba lezi zilimi zikhulunywa ezweni lonke, zigxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwezilimi kunomthelela kumfanekiso wamasiko oyingqayizivele waseSwitzerland, okhuthaza umuzwa wobunye nokuqonda phakathi kwabantu bayo.
Ama-Swiss amukela ubuliminingi bawo, akha indawo evumelanayo lapho imiphakathi ehlukene yezilimi ihlalisana ngokuthula. Le ndlela yokwenza wonke umuntu ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukubumbana komphakathi kodwa futhi ikhombisa ukuzibophezela kwezwe ekwamukeleni ukwehlukahlukana njengengxenye eyisisekelo yobunjalo balo.
Izilimi Ezikhulunywa eSwitzerland
Ulimi lwesiJalimane saseSwitzerland
IsiJalimane saseSwitzerland siwulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu eSwitzerland. Cishe u-60% wabantu bayawukhuluma, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, enkabeni, nasempumalanga yezwe. Abantu bendawo bayayibiza Schwyzerdütsch, futhi yenziwe ngezilimi zesigodi ze-Alemannic ezingasasetshenziswa eJalimane noma e-Austria.
Izingane zaseSwitzerland zifunda isiJalimane Esivamile esikoleni, ukuze zikwazi ukukhuluma kalula namaJalimane, ama-Austrian, nezinye izikhulumi zesiJalimane. Bashintshela ku-Standard German kalula uma bekhuluma nomuntu ongakhulumi isiSwiss German.
Njengoba kungezona zonke izilimi zesigodi zase-Swiss German ezinefomu elibhaliwe elijwayelekile, imithetho, izincwadi, namaphephandaba abhalwa ngesi-Standard German. Kungakho iningi lamaJalimane aseSwitzerland liyibiza ngokuthi iSchriftdeutsch, okusho ukuthi “isiJalimane esilotshiwe.”
I-Swiss German akulona nje ulimi lwesigodi olulodwa- luyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ukuphi. Isibonelo, ulimi lwesigodi lwase-Zurich luhlukile kune-Basel, futhi luhluke kakhulu endaweni yase-Alpine.
Izimo ezihlelekile zivamise ukusebenzisa isiJalimane esijwayelekile, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona izikhulumi zesiJalimane okungezona ezeSwiss. Kodwa ngasese naphakathi kwamaJalimane aseSwitzerland, izilimi zesigodi zivamile.
Ulimi lwesiSwiss French
IsiFulentshi siwulimi oluhamba phambili engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe, isifunda esaziwa ngokuthi yiSwiss French.
Ngokusho kwe-Wikipedia, cishe u-22% wabantu baseSwitzerland bakhuluma isiFulentshi, okwenza kube nethonya elibalulekile lolimi emadolobheni afana neGeneva neLausanne. Uma uhlela uhambo oluya kulezi zindawo zaseSwitzerland, ukuba nesichazamazwi sesiFulentshi kungase kube usizo, njengoba kuyizindawo ezikhuluma isiFulentshi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nomehluko phakathi kwe-Swiss German kanye ne-Standard German, umehluko phakathi kwesi-Swiss French nesi-French esikhulunywa e-France aziwa kakhulu. Nakuba kunomehluko othile kusilulumagama nezinkulumo, abantu abasazi kahle isiFulentshi esijwayelekile kufanele bakuthole kulula kakhulu ukufunda isi-Swiss French.
Ukusabalala kwesiFulentshi emadolobheni aseSwitzerland kudala indawo ehlukile yolimi, okwenza kube nenzuzo kubahambi ukuba nolwazi oluthile lolimi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlola ukunotha kwamasiko kwase-Geneva noma ujabulela ubuhle be-Lausanne, ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwesiFulentshi kungathuthukisa ulwazi lwakho nokusebenzisana nabantu bendawo.
Funda futhi: Izilimi Ezibaluleke Kakhulu Zokufunda Ukuze Uthole Amathuba Engeziwe
Ulimi lwesiNtaliyane lwaseSwitzerland
AmaNtaliyane aseSwitzerland ahlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSwitzerland, eduze komngcele ne-Italy. Njengoba kunabantu abakhulumayo abangu-673,000, bakha cishe u-8% wabantu bezwe.
Kunoma ubani ojwayelene nesiNtaliyane noma ofunda ulimi, isiNtaliyane saseSwitzerland kulula ukusiqonda, sifana nesiSwiss French. Umehluko omkhulu ulele emagameni ambalwa okubolekwa abalulekile avela ku-German and French.
Naphezu kokuba khona kwezilimi zesigodi zasendaweni ezifana ne-Ticinese nezinye izinhlobonhlobo ezithonywe yi-Lombard, i-Swiss Italian ifana kakhulu ne-Standard Italian e-Switzerland.
Ngokungafani nesiNtaliyane Esivamile, i-Swiss Italian igqama ngokusebenzisa kwayo “calques,” imishwana ebonakala njengokuhumusha kwezwi nezwi okusuka kusiFulentshi nesiJalimane.
Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba igama lesiNtaliyane elisho “ilayisensi yokushayela” lithi “Patente,” amaNtaliyane aseSwitzerland asebenzisa elithi “Licenza di condurre,” okuhunyushwe ngokuqondile kusukela egameni lesiFulentshi elithi “permis de conduire.” Naphezu kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo zezilimi, ukuxhumana okuphelele phakathi kwama-Swiss Italians nezikhulumi zesi-Standard Italian kuhlala kushelela.
Ulimi lwesiRomania
IsiRomansh siwulimi oluncane olukhulunywa abantu abangu-37,000 kuphela. Yaba ulimi lwesizwe eSwitzerland ngo-1938, kodwa kwaze kwaba ngo-1996 lapho yathola khona ukuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeGrisons, isiRomansh siwulimi olusemthethweni olusetshenziswa ekubuseni nasemfundweni, kanye nasekuxhumaneni kwansuku zonke emphakathini.
Naphezu kokubhekana nokuncintisana okuvela eNtaliyane naseJalimane, i-Romansh iye yasinda ekhulwini lama-21. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iningi labakhuluma isiRomansh livela ezindaweni ezingazodwa, ezinezintaba eningizimu-mpumalanga yeSwitzerland.
Ithonya lolimi lwesiJalimane ku-Romansh libalulekile. Naphezu kwesisekelo sayo esincane sesikhulumi, isi-Romansh sinezilimi zesigodi ezinhlanu ezisetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Imizamo kahulumeni yokuthuthukisa i-“pan-Romansh” ehlanganisiwe ibe nemiphumela exubile ezingeni lendawo.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwezilimi Eziningi eSwitzerland
I-Switzerland igcizelela ukubaluleka kokwamukela ulimi lukazwelonke ukuze ludidiyelwe. Nokho, inani elikhulu labantu bokufika kuleli lisathanda ukukhuluma ngezilimi zabo zomdabu.
Ngokuvumelana ne i-Swiss Federal Statistical Office, izilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu ezweni zihlanganisa isiNgisi, isiPutukezi, isi-Albanian, njll.
Iphesenti eliphawulekayo labantu baseSwitzerland lixhumana ngokuyinhloko ngezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwalezo zikazwelonke. Cishe u-5.8% wabantu ukhuluma isiNgisi, u-3.5% ukhuluma isiPutukezi, u-3.2% ukhuluma ngesi-Albania, u-2.3% ukhuluma isiSerbo Croatian, no-2.4% ngeSpanishi. Ukwengeza, kunengxenye engu-8.2% esebenzisa izilimi eziwela ngaphansi kwesigaba "Ezinye."
Ukuhlukahluka kwezilimi e-Switzerland kugqamisa ukuhlalisana kwezilimi ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. Naphezu kokugcizelelwa kolimi lukazwelonke lokwenziwa ezweni, ukuba khona kwezilimi eziningi kubonisa ukunotha kwamasiko okubunjwa abantu bokufika abahlukahlukene bezwe. Izibalo zigcizelela ukubaluleka okuqhubekayo kokuqaphela kanye nokwamukela ukwehlukahlukana kwezilimi e-Switzerland.
Funda futhi: Kuyini Ukufana Kwezamasiko?
Ukubingelela Ngezilimi Ezihlukene Ezikhulunywa e-Switzerland
Kukhulunywa izilimi ezine ezisemthethweni eSwitzerland. Nazi izikhonzo ezilula ongazisebenzisa:
Sawubona:
- NgesiJalimane saseSwitzerland, uthi “Hallo.”
- NgesiSwiss French, igama elithi “Bonjour.”
- Ngo-Swiss Italian, ungathi "Ciao."
- Ngesi-Romansh, unezinketho ezimbalwa: “Cia,” “Tgau,” noma “Allegra.”
Hamba kahle:
- Ukuvalelisa ngesi-Swiss German, uthi “Auf Wiedersehen.”
- NgesiSwiss French, ithi “Au revoir.”
- Ngo-Swiss Italian, uzothi "Addio."
- Ngesi-Romansh, igama elithi “Ade.”
Ngiyacela:
- Uma ufuna ukusho ukuthi sicela ngesi-Swiss German, uthi “Bitte.”
- NgesiSwiss French, ithi “S'il vous plaît.”
- Ngesi-Swiss Italian, ungathi "Per favour."
- Ngesi-Romansh, ithi “Per plaschair.”
Ngiyabonga:
- Ukuze ubonge ngesi-Swiss German, uthi “Danke.”
- NgesiSwiss French, igama elithi "Merci".
- Ngesi-Swiss Italian, uthi “Grazie.”
- Ngesi-Romansh, igama elithi “Grazia.”
shiya impendulo