Yiziphi izilimi ezikhulunywa eJalimane? Ulimi olusemthethweni lwaseJalimane yi-Standard German, futhi iwulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezweni lonke.
Ngokusho kwe-Britannica.com, umlando oqoshiwe wolimi lwesiJalimane uhlehlela emuva ekhulwini loku-1 BCE. Ulimi luyingxenye yeqembu laseNtshonalanga Germanic lomndeni wolimi lwase-Indo-European.
Cishe ngezikhulumi zomdabu eziyizigidi ezingama-95 kanye nezinye izikhulumi ezingezona ezomdabu eziyizigidi ezingama-85 emhlabeni wonke, isiJalimane sibalwa njengolimi lwesithathu olukhulunywa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngaphandle Imingcele yaseJalimane, iwulimi olusemthethweni lwase-Austria, nolunye lwezilimi ezisemthethweni e-Switzerland, Luxembourg, Belgium, and Lichtenstein.
Nakuba isiJalimane esijwayelekile sivame ukusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni okubhaliwe ngenxa yokufakwa kwaso kukharikhulamu yesikole kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemidiya, ulimi olukhulunywayo luvamise ukuhluka ezifundeni. Indawo ngayinye ngaphakathi kweJalimane inolimi lwayo lwesigodi, okuholela abantu ukuba baxoxe besebenzisa ukuhlukahluka kwezilimi zabo zendawo.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwezilimi ZaseJalimane
Ngokuvumelana ne Wikipedia, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-100 bakhuluma isiJalimane njengolimi lwabo lokuqala, kanti abanye abayizigidi ezingu-30 basikhuluma njengolimi lwesibili. Abaningi bokufika beza eJalimane ngenxa yomnotho oqinile, futhi bavame ukufunda isiJalimane. Ngisho naphakathi kwamaJalimane, u-67% ukhuluma ulimi lwangaphandle, kanti u-27% ukhuluma ezimbili.
IJalimane iyindawo enamasiko amaningi enabantu abavela ezizindeni ezihlukene. Ngakho, yiziphi ezinye izilimi ezikhulunywa eJalimane?
Izilimi Ezine Eziphezulu Ezikhulunywa eJalimane
IJalimane iyindawo ephephile nenhle yokuhlala ngenxa yomnotho wayo oqinile. Abantu abavela eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika bathuthela eJalimane ngenxa yomsebenzi, baphile, futhi bafunde ulimi namasiko.
Ngenxa yalokho, amadolobha amakhulu njengeBerlin, iFrankfurt, iCologne, neHamburg anezakhamuzi ezihlukahlukene ezikhuluma izilimi eziningi.
Ngezansi ngezilimi ezikhulunywa kakhulu eJalimane:
1. Ulimi lwesiNgisi
EJalimane, u-56% wabantu ukhuluma isiNgisi. Ukukhuphuka kwesiNgisi njengolimi olusemthethweni lwebhizinisi kuholele enanini elandayo lamabhizinisi aseJalimane asemukele ngokusemthethweni njengolimi lwawo oluyinhloko.
Nakuba isiNgisi sekuyisikhathi eside sifundiswa njengolimi lwesibili ezikoleni, ukubaluleka kwaso njengolimi lwesibili entsheni sekwedlule isiFulentshi eminyakeni yamuva.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu labantu abakhuluma isiNgisi bomdabu kanye namabhizinisi avela e-Ireland, e-UK, e-Australia nase-US okwamanje azinze eJalimane. Lokhu kushintsha kwezilimi kubonisa ukukhula kwethonya lesiNgisi emikhakheni eyahlukene yomphakathi waseJalimane, ikakhulukazi kwezamabhizinisi.
2. Ulimi lwesiFulentshi
Cishe i-15% yabantu ingakwazi ukukhuluma isiFulentshi. Abafundi abaningi bakhetha isiFulentshi njengolimi lwabo lwesibili esikoleni. Ubudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kweJalimane neFrance buholela ekutheni intsha eningi yaseJalimane ivakashele emaphandleni aseFrance ngemva kokuphuma kwesikole.
Ukwengeza, abantu abambalwa baseFrance bathuthela eBerlin nakwezinye izingxenye zaseJalimane ngenxa yomsebenzi, okunomthelela ekuhwebeni kwamasiko omhlaba phakathi komakhelwane. Lokhu kuxhumana kukhuthaza ukufunda kolimi nokuqonda kwamasiko, kukhuthaze ubudlelwano obunamandla phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili.
Funda futhi: Yiziphi Izilimi Ezikhulunywayo eSwitzerland?
3. Ulimi lwesiRashiya
EJalimane, cishe u-5% wabantu ukhuluma isiRashiya. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1991, abantu abaningi baseRussia bathuthela eYurophu, futhi abaningi babo banquma ukuhlala eJalimane. Njengamanje, amaRussia akha iqembu lesithathu ngobukhulu labafuduki eJalimane.
Ulimi lwesiRashiya lubalulekile eJalimane ngenxa yabantu abalusebenzisayo. Kusukela ngawo-1990, lapho iSoviet Union ichitheka, inani elihle amaRashiya weza ukuzohlala eYurophu. IJalimane yaba yisinqumo esithandwayo kubo, futhi manje, isiRashiya sikhulunywa ngabantu abangu-5% lapho. Abantu abaningi baseRussia banquma ukuhlala eJalimane, okwabenza baba iqembu lesithathu ngobukhulu labafuduki ezweni.
Lokhu kufuduka kwamaRussia aye eJalimane kwaqala ngemva kokuhlukana kweSoviet Union. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ulimi lwesiRashiya luye lwaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlukahluka kwamasiko nezilimi eJalimane.
4. Ulimi lwesiTurkey
Cishe i-1.8% yabantu baseJalimane bakhuluma isiTurkey. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezine abantu baseTurkey abahlala eJalimane. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izikhulumi zaseTurkey ezivela eTurkey. Abantu abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene bakhuluma nesiTurkey.
IsiTurkey sikhulunywa emiphakathini eminingi yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Yurophu, njengeGreece, iMacedonia, iBosnia Herzegovina, iBulgaria, iRomania, neCyprus. Amalungu amaningi noma inzalo yale miphakathi ihlala eJalimane. Ukwengeza, iJalimane isanda kwamukela ababaleki abaningi abavela eSyria nase-Iraq nabo abakhuluma isiTurkey.
Ezinye Izilimi Ezikhulunywa EJalimane
EJalimane, kunezilimi ngaphandle kwesiJalimane ezikhulunywa abantu. Ezinye zalezi zilimi azivamile kakhulu futhi zikhulunywa abantu abambalwa kuphela.
Olunye ulimi isi-Low German. Kukhulunywa engxenyeni esenyakatho yeJalimane. Yize bengebaningi abantu abazi ngayo, kunezikhulumi zomdabu eziyizigidi ezi-5. Lokho kuningi uma ucabanga ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe.
Ezinye izilimi ezimbili yi-Upper and Lower sorbian. Zikhulunywa eSaxony naseBrandenburg. Bangu-0.09% kuphela abantu abakhuluma lezi zilimi zesigodi. ILower Sorbian, okuwulimi lwesiSlavic, isengcupheni yokushabalala ngenxa yokuthi iningi labalukhulumayo sebebadala.
Okokugcina, kukhona isiFrisian, esikhulunywa esifundeni saseNorth Frisia. Cishe abantu abangu-10,000 bayayikhuluma njengamanje.
shiya impendulo