Nyanga zonke, abesifazane namantombazane abangaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.8 baba esikhathini. I-UNICEF ibika ukuthi izinselele ezinjengokucwaswa, ukucwaswa, nobumpofu zingenza lesi sikhathi sibe inselele futhi singaphephile.
Lobu bunzima nezithiyo ekunakekelweni okufanele zaziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi “ubumpofu besikhathi.” Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka umqondo wobumpofu benkathi, sinikeze amaqiniso abalulekile futhi siphakamise izindlela ezisebenzayo zokwenza umehluko.
Ubumpofu besikhathi kwenzeka lapho abantu bebhekana nobunzima bokuthola imikhiqizo yokuya esikhathini, ukukhucululwa kwendle okwanele, ukwesekwa komphakathi, kanye nemfundo. Naphezu kokukhathazeka okubalulekile kwezempilo yomphakathi, abantu abaningi abalazi izinga lobumpofu besikhathi kanye nendlela yokubhekana nakho.
Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuphatha impilo yakhe yokuya esikhathini ngesizotha nangokuphepha.
Iyini iPeriod Poverty?
Ngokusho the Ilabhulali Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha, ubumpofu benkathi yinkinga yezempilo yomphakathi yomhlaba wonke ebinganakwa ezikhathini zamuva nje. Ubumpofu besikhathi buchazwa njengokungakwazi ukuthola imikhiqizo yokuya esikhathini, izinsiza zokukhucululwa kwendle, nemfundo efanele.
Ukuya esikhathini kuyingxenye evamile yomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, okuyindlela umzimba olungiselela ngayo ukukhulelwa. Kwenzeka emantombazaneni nakwabesifazane abangakhulelwa. Izinkathi ngokuvamile zihlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisikhombisa futhi zenzeka njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-24 kuya kwezingu-38.
Lapho amantombazane eqala ukuzwa ukugeleza komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, abhekana nezinselele ezintsha. Badinga ukufinyelela emikhiqizweni yokuya esikhathini njengamaphedi noma ama-tampons, futhi badinga ukufunda ukuwasebenzisa.
Ngaphandle kwale mikhiqizo noma ulwazi, izikhathi zingacindezela kakhulu. Bangase baphuthelwe isikole, umsebenzi, noma amanye amathuba. Izikhathi ezinzima, ezibanga ukopha kakhulu, kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezifana ne-anemia kanye nobuhlungu obukhulu.
Eminye imiphakathi icabanga ukuthi ukuya esikhathini kungcolile, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi amantombazane nabesifazane bathole usizo noma baphumele obala. Ukuqala kokuya esikhathini kungase kwenze amantombazane abe sengozini enkulu yokweshelwa ubulili, nakuba engase abe neminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala.
Okungenani amantombazane nabesifazane abayizigidi ezingu-500 bahlaselwe ubumpofu esikhathini, ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, kodwa kunzima ukwazi inani eliqondile.
Okufanele Ukwazi Ngenkathi Yenhlupheko.
Ubumpofu besikhathi buyinkinga yezempilo esabalele emhlabeni wonke ethinta abantu abaningi, nokho imvelo yabo kanye nobubanzi bayo kuhlala kungajwayelekile engxenyeni enkulu yabantu. Nawa amaqiniso abalulekile okufanele wonke umuntu awazi:
Izinselelo Zempilo Yokuya esikhathini e-Sub-Saharan Africa Ngenxa Yenkathi Yobumpofu.
Emazweni anjengeKenya, iSudan, i-Ethiopia ne-Uganda, abantu babhekana nezinselele ezinkulu ngokuya esikhathini. Abantu abaningi kulezi zindawo abanayo imali eyanele yokuthenga izinto abazidingayo ukuze bakwazi ukuphatha kahle ukuya esikhathini. Ngo-2019, i- IBhange Lomhlaba lithe u-35% wabantu bakula mazwe bampofu kakhulu. Uma abantu bempofu kakhulu, kuba nzima ukuthi bathenge izinto ezifana nama-sanitary pads.
Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-BBC luthole ukuthi eGhana, abesifazane abahola kancane bachitha imali eningi bethenga ama-pads. Isibonelo, bangase basebenzise u-$1 ku-$7 ngayinye abayizuzayo kumaphedi. Lona umehluko omkhulu kubantu base-United States, lapho labo abahola imali encane bachitha kuphela u-$3 kuwo wonke ama-$1,200 kuma-pads.
Ngamafuphi, ukuya esikhathini kuba nzima nakakhulu kubantu abaningi base-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara ngenxa yokuthi abanayo imali eyanele yokuthenga izinto abazidingayo ukuze bakuphathe kahle.
Funda futhi: Uhlu Lwezibonelo Zokungabi Nabulungisa Komphakathi
Izinselele Zesikhathi Sobumpofu Ohlelweni Lwasejele LaseMelika
Ejele, abantu babhekana nezinkinga eziningi, futhi inkinga eyodwa enkulu ubumpofu besikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abaningi ababoshiwe bakuthola kunzima ukuthenga izinto zokuya esikhathini. E-United States, lapho abantu abaningi beboshiwe, le nkinga yimbi kakhulu.
Emajele, amalungelo abantu awahlonitshwa. Bangalinyazwa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo, bajeziswe ngaphandle kwesizathu, futhi banganikezwa usizo lwezokwelapha abaludingayo. I-US inabantu abaningi abasejele, futhi emajele ayo, kunenkinga yobumpofu besikhathi. A Indaba evela e-USA Today ithi kwelinye ijele, amaphedi abiza u-$2.63, kodwa imisebenzi yakhona ikhokha amasenti angu-30 ngehora. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunzima ngempela ukuthi abantu bathenge ama-pads abawadingayo.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abantu bazama ukwenza izinto zabo. Abanye, ngaphandle kokunye ukukhetha, bavele bopha ezingutsheni zabo. Kulabo abanezikhathi ezinzima noma izinkinga zempilo, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthola ukunakekelwa abakudingayo.
Njengamanje, izifundazwe ezingaphezu kuka-35 azinayo imithetho yokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu ababoshiwe bathola abakudingayo ngezikhathi zabo. Futhi ezifundazweni ezinemithetho, ayilandelwa ngendlela efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lena inkinga enkulu edinga ukunakwa.
Umthelela Wesikhathi Sobumpofu Kwezemfundo
Ubumpofu besikhathi bunomthelela omkhulu elungelweni lemfundo. Ithinta kakhulu abesifazane namantombazane, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi baye esikoleni. Emhlabeni jikelele, amantombazane alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-129 aphuthelwa isikole, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yobumpofu besikhathi.
Ucwaningo lweWorld Bank lukhombisa ukuthi eSouth Sudan, u-57% wamantombazane akayi esikoleni uma eya esikhathini.. EKenya, u-70% wamantombazane athi ukuya esikhathini kwenza amamaki awo abe mabi kakhulu.
Imfundo ibaluleke kakhulu ekusaseni lentombazane. Kodwa uma ukuya esikhathini kumvimbela ukuba aye esikoleni noma enze kahle ekilasini, ikusasa lakhe lingase lingaqhakazi kangako. Amanye amantombazane kungase kudingeke ashiye isikole ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi ngeke abe nemisebenzi eminingi kangaka esikhathini esizayo. Ubumpofu besikhathi benza kube nzima emantombazaneni ukuthi athole imfundo ayidingayo ukuze aphumelele.
Isikhathi Ubumpofu Bungadala Izinkinga Zezempilo
Ubumpofu besikhathi buyinkinga enkulu engenza abantu bagule. Uma abesifazane namantombazane beya esikhathini, badinga izinto ezikhethekile njengamaphedi noma ama-tampons.
Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, abakwazi ukuzithola lezi zinto ngoba zibiza kakhulu noma azitholakali. Ngakho-ke, basebenzisa noma yini abangayithola, njengamaphephandaba noma amanikiniki amadala.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zimpahla zesikhashana kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína njengezifo, ezingabagulisa kakhulu noma zibabulale. Ngisho noma zinamaphedi noma izinkomishi ezingasetshenziswa kabusha, kunzima ukuzigcina zihlanzekile ngaphandle kwezinto ezinjengamanzi ahlanzekile noma ugesi.
Ubumpofu besikhathi buyinkinga enkulu ngoba buthinta impilo yabantu. Wonke umuntu udinga ukufinyelela emikhiqizweni yokuya esikhathini phakathi nesikhathi sakhe, ukuze ahlale enempilo futhi ephephile.
Umthelela Wempilo Yengqondo Yenkathi Yobumpofu, Ukucwaswa, Nokucwaswa
Ubumpofu besikhathi budlulela ngalé kokuthinta inhlalakahle yomzimba; kulimaza nempilo yengqondo. Izinselele zokuthola izinsiza ezidingekayo, okuhambisana nokucwaswa nokucwaswa okuhambisana nokuya esikhathini, kungaholela ekukhathazekeni okukhulu nasekucindezelekeni.
Ucwaningo oluqokonyiswe kuyiFrontiers in Global Women’s Health, olwenziwa eNepal, lwembula imiphumela eshaqisayo yokuphoqwa kwamantombazane ukuba alale ngaphandle noma emaqhugwaneni ahlukene phakathi nenkathi yawo, okuphumela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwengqondo.
Ngisho nasezindaweni ezingenazo imikhuba eyeqisayo enjalo, ukucwaswa kusaqhubeka. Abantu baba namahloni lapho bethenga izinto ezidingekayo, basebenzisa ulimi oluyimfihlo ukuze baxoxe ngezinsuku, futhi bahlangabezana nokuntula okuvamile kokuya esikhathini.
Lezi zici zihlangene zinomthelela embonweni wokuthi izikhathi ziyihlazo futhi ziyanyanyeka. Ukuqaphela umthelela obanzi wezinselele ezihlobene nesikhathi empilweni yengqondo kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni indawo esekelayo neqondayo.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Eziyi-10 Ezingemihle
Singenza Kanjani Sonke Ukulwa Nendlala Yenkathi.
Ubumpofu benkathi yinkinga yezempilo esabalele emhlabeni wonke, ethinta amakhulu ezigidi zabantu. Naphezu kokusabalala kwayo, abantu abaningi abakayazi le nkinga ngenxa yenhlamba yomphakathi ehambisana nokuya esikhathini.
Nokho, kunezinyathelo ezingokoqobo wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unolwazi olungakanani ngokuya esikhathini, angazithatha ukuze alungise futhi alwe nobumpofu. Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezinhlanu ezilula kodwa ezinomthelela zokwenza imbangela.
Ukukhuluma ngobumpofu besikhathi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqwashisa abantu kanye nokudiliza izithiyo zomphakathi. Abantu abaningi bayakugwema ukuxoxa ngalolu daba ngenxa yokungakhululeki okuhambisana nokuya esikhathini.
Ngokuqala izingxoxo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yokuxhumana nabantu, izinhlangano ezisekelayo, kanye nokuthola amathuba okukhuluma esidlangalaleni ngobumpofu besikhathi, ungafaka isandla ekwenzeni ingxoxo ibe yejwayelekile mayelana nalesi sihloko esibalulekile.
Enye indlela esebenzayo yokwenza umehluko ukweseka izinhlangano ezizinikele ekubhekaneni nobumpofu besikhathi. Inqwaba yezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu besifazane kanye nokulingana kobulili zigxile kulolu daba, njenge I-Alliance for Period Supplies, lo Iphrojekthi yePad, kanye Nesithunzi Sephrojekthi. Lezi zinhlangano zenza imisebenzi eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa imikhankaso yokuqwashisa abantu, imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi, nokusabalalisa izimpahla zokuya esikhathini.
Ukunikela ngezimali kulezi zinhlangano kungaba negalelo elikhulu kunjongo yazo yokuqeda ubumpofu benkathi ethile nokuvikela amalungelo ezigidi. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukunikela ngemikhiqizo yokuya esikhathini emaqenjini endawo, njengoba lolu sizo oluqondile lungabhekana nezidingo eziphuthumayo emphakathini wakho.
Ukuqonda izinselele ezihlukile ezihlobene nobumpofu besikhathi emphakathini wangakini kubalulekile ukuze kube nesenzo esisebenzayo. Izinkinga ezithile ezizungeze le nkinga zingahluka kakhulu, ngisho nasezifundeni ezihlukene zezwe elifanayo. Yenza ucwaningo ukuze uthole izithiyo ezivame ukubhekwana nazo abantu abaya esikhathini emphakathini wakini.
Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kokufinyelela emanzini ahlanzekile kungase kube isithiyo esibalulekile endaweni ethile, kanti kwenye, kugxilwe ezindabeni ezibanzi njengemfundo. Uhlome ngalolu lwazi lwendawo, ungakwazi ukuhlela imizamo yakho ukuze ubhekane nezinselele ezithile umphakathi wakho obhekene nazo.
Ukumela izinyathelo zomthetho kuyindlela enamandla yokulwa nobumpofu besikhathi ezingeni lesistimu. Imithetho ekhuluma ngegebe lomholo wobulili, ukucwaswa emsebenzini, uxhaso lwezikole, namalungelo abantu ababoshiwe ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekulweni nobubha besikhathi.
Ngaphandle kwenqubo yomthetho ezweni lakini, kunezindlela zokwenza izwi lakho lizwakale. Kohulumeni abamele njengalowo wase-United States, ukubhala izincwadi eziya kosopolitiki unxusa ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ngemithetho ethinta ubumpofu besikhathi kungasebenza. Ngokuqinisa ukuvikela okusemthethweni, imiphakathi ingakha intuthuko ehlala njalo ezimpilweni zalabo abathintekile.
Ukusingatha i-fundraiser kuyindlela esebenzayo nebandakanyayo yokuqwashisa abantu kanye nezimali ngesizathu. Imicimbi yokuqongelela imali inikeza ithuba lokuxhumana namabhizinisi endawo, izinhlangano zezobulungiswa bezenhlalo, kanye nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo ababelana ngamavelu akho.
Ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zomphakathi wakho, ungakwazi ukumema ababambiqhaza ukuthi banikele ngakho kokubili izimali nezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Nakuba iminikelo yezimali ibalulekile ekubhekaneni nezindaba ezibanzi, ukuqoqa imikhiqizo yokuya esikhathini ngokuqondile kungahlangabezana nezidingo ezisheshayo ezindaweni zokukhosela zendawo nasemabhange okudla. Ukulandelela ngokucophelela iminikelo nokwazisa ababambiqhaza ngomthelela weminikelo yabo kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuba sobala kwemizamo yakho yokuqongelela imali.
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