Izinkondlo ze-Ottava rima zaqala ngekhulu le-14 ngenxa yembongi yase-Italy u-Giovanni Boccaccio. Ubambe elikhulu iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlobo lwezinkondlo oluyingqayizivele ngemisebenzi yakhe enethonya. I-Ottava rima iqukethe izitanza ezakhiwe imigqa eyisishiyagalombili, ngokuvamile enohlelo lwemvumelwano lwe-ABABABCC.
Lesi sitayela sonkondlo sasakazekela ngaphesheya kwe-Italy futhi saduma ezincwadini zesiNgisi ngesikhathi seRenaissance. Ukuhleleka kwayo kanye nephethini yesigqi kwenze kwaba ukukhetha okuhle phakathi kwezimbongi.
Izibonelo ezidumile ze-ottava rima zifaka inkondlo elandisayo ka-Lord Byron ethi "Don Juan," lapho asebenzise khona leli fomu ukuze atshele izigigaba zomlingisi oyinhloko. Ukwengeza, u-Alexander Pushkin, imbongi edumile yaseRussia, wasebenzisa i-ottava rima emsebenzini wakhe othi "Eugene Onegin," okufaka isandla ekudumeni kwayo kabanzi ngezilimi namasiko ahlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ottava rima kwaqhubeka nokuguquguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nezimbongi ezihlukahlukene zizama futhi ziyifaka ezingomeni zazo. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuvumela izimbongi ukuthi zihlole izindikimba nezindaba ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwemingcele yohlaka lwayo oluhlelekile, okulenza libe uhlobo oluhlala njalo noluguquguqukayo lwezinkondlo emlandweni wombhalo.
Iyini i-Ottava Rima Poetry?
Izinkondlo ze-Ottava rima ziwuhlobo lwezinkondlo ezivela e-Italy. Inkondlo ngayinye inemigqa eyisishiyagalombili esitanzani, futhi ilandela iphethini yemvumelwano ethize: ABABABCC. Lezi zinkondlo zazisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindabeni ezinkulu noma izinganekwane ngamaqhawe nezigigaba. Babedumile ezinkondlweni ezidumile.
UThomas Wyatt, usopolitiki oyiNgisi kanye nembongi, uthole la maphethini estanza sesiNtaliyane anentshisekelo. Wazihumushela ezinkondlweni zesiNgisi. Ngemva kwalokho, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa lesi sitayela ukuze babhale nezinkondlo ezihlekisayo nezibhuqayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uJohn Hookham Frere wabhala ukuthi “The Monks and the Giants,” kanti uLord Byron wabhala “Don Juan” esebenzisa i-ottava rima.
Lezi zinkondlo zaziwa ngesakhiwo sazo—indlela ezazimiswe ngayo ngemigqa nemilolozelo. Babevumela izimbongi ukuba zixoxe izindaba ezinde noma zihlekise ngezinto ezibucayi. Babefana nohlaka oluvumela ababhali ukuthi badlale ngemibono namathoni ahlukene. Abantu babethanda i-ottava rima ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo—ikwazi ukuphatha izihloko ezibucayi nezihlekisayo, inikeze izimbongi inkululeko eningi yokuziveza.
I-Rhyme Scheme kanye nesakhiwo se-Ottava Rima Poetry
Izinkondlo ze-Ottava Rima zakhiwe ngezitanza eziqukethe imigqa eyisishiyagalombili ngayinye. Uhlelo lwemvumelwano luvamise ukulandela iphethini ye-ABABABCC, lapho imigqa eyisithupha yokuqala ishintshana kusigqi kuze kube imigqa emibili yokugcina yakha i-couplet enemvumelwano ekabili. Umugqa ngamunye kulolu hlobo lwenkondlo uvamise ukuqukatha amagama ayi-10, usebenzisa i-iambic pentameter, nakuba, kwezinye izinguqulo, kungase kusetshenziswe izinhlamvu eziyi-11.
Lezi zinkondlo zingama zodwa zibe nestanza esisodwa nje noma zingakhiwa izitanza eziningi, ezivumela inhlobonhlobo yamathoni nezindikimba. Izimbongi ezidumile zisebenzise i-ottava rima ukuze zenze imisebenzi esuka enhliziyweni nejulile, kuyilapho ezinye ziyisebenzisele ukuhlekisa noma ngokudlala inhlekisa izimiso zohlobo ngokwalo.
Ngokwesibonelo, u-Lord Byron, isazi esivelele ezinkondlweni, wasebenzisa i- ottava rima encwadini yakhe edumile ethi “Don Juan,” lapho ahlanganisa khona ukuzimisela nokuhlekisa, ebonisa ukuhlukahluka kwaleli fomu lokusankondlo. Ukuguquguquka kwesakhiwo kuvumela izimbongi ukuthi zihlole izindikimba, amathoni, kanye nemizwa ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwemingcele yalolu hlaka olunesigqi noluhlelekile.
I-Ottava Rima 5 Izinkondlo Eziphawulekayo
I-Ottava rima iwuhlobo lwenkondlo olubonakala ngesakhiwo sayo semigqa eyisishiyagalombili enohlelo oluthile lwemvumelwano (ABABABCC). Isetshenziswe kuyo yonke imisebenzi yetemibhalo eyahlukene, kusukela ekulandiseni okubalulekile kuye ezingomeni ezihlekisayo nezihlekisayo. Ukuhlola izibonelo ezinhlanu ezehlukene kunikeza ukuqonda ngaleli fomu lobunkondlo kanye nokusebenza kwalo okuhlukahlukene.
1. "Ama-Monks and the Giants" kaJohn Hookham Frere:
Le nkondlo edlalwayo futhi ehlekisayo isebenza njengokubhuqa kwezinganekwane ze-Arthurian. Ngobuhlakani kanye nokuntela, uFrere udidiyela izindaba eziyinganekwane zeNkosi u-Arthur namaqhawe akhe, enikeza umbono okhanyayo ngezinganekwane ezaziwayo.
2. "Beppo" ngu-Lord Byron:
Ngaphambi kokudala i-epic yakhe edumile ethi "Don Juan," u-Byron wenza inkondlo ehlekisayo ethi "Beppo." Ichitha ukulandisa okuvamile ngokuguqula uhlamvu lwesihloko olusuka kumuntu wesifazane lube umuntu othonywe abantu besifazane kalula. Ngokubhuqa nokubhuqa, u-Byron ugxeka izinkambiso zomphakathi nezinkolelo-ze.
3. "Phakathi Kwezingane Zesikole" nguWilliam Butler Yeats:
Inikeza amazwibela angasese ekuzibonakaliseni komuntu siqu kuka-Yeats ngezinkumbulo, le nkondlo idingida izindikimba zokuguga, ubusha kanye nokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngandlela thize, ethi "Sailing to Byzantium" ka-Yeats ihlola uhambo lukamoya, icabanga ngokufuna ukungafi kanye nokweqa kwezobuciko.
4. "I-Isabella: noma Ibhodwe Le-Basil" nguJohn Keats:
U-Keats udonsa ugqozi kumlingiswa ka-Boccaccio ukuze akhe indaba ye-macabre yothando nokuziqhenya ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-ottava rima. Lokhu kulandisa okudabukisayo kuvela ochungechungeni lwezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili, ezihlola amatimu othando, ukukhaphela, kanye nemiphumela yenkanuko engalawulwa.
5. "Umthakathi We-Atlas" kaPercy Bysshe Shelley:
Inkondlo kaShelley ivuleka njengenganekwane engelona iqiniso futhi engaqondakali kuzo zonke izigaba ze-ottava rima ezingama-78. Ngomfanekiso ocacile kanye nokuxoxa indaba, u-Shelley wenza indaba yezandla ezulazula ezindaweni zenganekwane, ehlola amatimu omlingo, ubuhle, kanye nolwazi lomuntu.
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