Izimbongi zisebenzisa imilolozelo eminingi ezinkondlweni zazo, njengemilolozelo engaphakathi kwemigqa, cishe imilolozelo, imilolozelo ebukekayo, nemilolozelo eqondile. Baqhamuka nezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza amagama azwakale ngendlela efanayo. Enye indlela akwenza ngayo lokhu iwukulandela iphethini lapho imisindo ethile iphinda ekugcineni kwemigqa. Le phethini yemisindo ibizwa ngokuthi isikimu semvumelwano.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemilolozelo laphaya: eminye imilolozelo izwakala ifana kakhulu, kanti eminye ifana ncamashi. Izimbongi zithola ubuhlakani ngonkamisa noma ongwaqa abahambisana ekugcineni kwemigqa. Kufana nokudala ikhodi eyimfihlo yemisindo efanayo eyenza inkondlo izwakale ixhumene futhi inomculo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umugqa owodwa uphetha ngegama elizwakala njengokuthi “ikati,” umugqa olandelayo ungase uphethe igama elizwakala njengokuthi “ilulwane.”
Izikimu zemvumelwano zifana namapulani akhombisa ukuthi yimiphi imigqa enkondlweni okufanele ibe nemisindo ehambisanayo. Zisiza izimbongi ukuhlela amagama azo futhi zinikeze isigqi senkondlo. Kufana nemephu yomgwaqo eqondisa imisindo yamagama enkondlweni, ikwenze kuhehe futhi kujabulise ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo.
Iyini I-Rhyme Schemes Enkondlweni
Enkondlweni, isikimu semvumelwano sifana neshuni lomculo eliphindaphindayo ekugcineni kwemigqa noma izitanza. Kuyiphethini yemisindo esetshenziswa izimbongi ukwakha isigqi nomculo emavesini azo. Lawa masu angahluka, asuke emgqeni uye emgqeni noma estanza uye kwesinye, noma angahlala engashintshi kuyo yonke inkondlo.
Izikimu zemvumelwano zivame ukutholakala evesini elisemthethweni, elinamathela kumitha eqinile - iphethini ethile yamagama agcizelelwe nangagxilile egcina inkondlo igeleza kahle. Lezi zinhlelo zimelelwa izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu, uhlamvu ngalunye olubonisa iphethini ethile yomsindo. Isibonelo, uma inkondlo ilandela isikimu semvumelwano ye-ABAB, isho umugqa wokuqala nowesithathu umlolozelo (okhonjwe ngokuthi “A”), kanye nomugqa wesibili nowesine imvumelwano (ophawulwe ngokuthi “B”).
Le phethini yezinhlamvu isisiza ukuthi sibone ngeso lengqondo ukuthi imisindo ixhumeka kanjani kuyo yonke inkondlo. Kufana nekhodi eyimfihlo eveza ukuthi yimiphi imigqa eyabelana ngemisindo efanayo. Ukuqonda izinhlelo zemvumelwano kungajulisa ukwazisa kwethu ngomculo nesakhiwo esingaphakathi kwezinkondlo, okusivumela ukuba sivuleke ubuhle obulukelwe emavesini ayo.
Funda futhi: 85 Izifaniso Izibonelo
8 Izikimu Zemvumelwano Ezinkondlweni
Izinkondlo azidingi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunamathela emithethweni efanayo yokwenza imvumelwano. Ziningi izindlela zokwenza amaphethini usebenzisa imilolozelo eyahlukene enkondlweni. Ezinye izinkondlo zinemithetho ethile yemvumelwano kanye nenani lemigqa okufanele zibe nayo.
Isibonelo esisodwa i-sonnet kaShakespearean. Iwuhlobo lwenkondlo enemigqa eyi-14 ehlukaniswe izitanza ezintathu zemigqa emine sisinye, silandelwe yistanza sokugcina esinemigqa emibili. Kusonnet kaShakespearean, isikimu semvumelwano silandela i-ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. Le phethini yiyona eyenza i-sonnet ye-Shakespearean ihluke.
Ngaphandle kwe-sonnet ye-Shakespearean, kunezinye izinhlelo eziningi ezivamile zemvumelwano ezinkondlweni. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
1. Enye i-Ryme
Ohlotsheni lwemvumelwano olubizwa ngokuthi imvumelwano ehlukile, umugqa wokuqala nowesithathu unemvumelwano, umugqa wesibili nowesine unemvumelwano. Lokhu kulandela iphethini: umugqa wokuqala nowesithathu umlolozelo (asibize lokho A), futhi umugqa wesibili nowesine unemvumelwano nomsindo ohlukile (asiwubize lowo B). Lolu hlobo lwesikimu semvumelwano luvamile ezinkondlweni ezinemigqa emine eqenjini ngalinye.
Ngokwesibonelo, ku Inkondlo kaHenry Wadsworth Longfellow “Ihubo Lokuphila,” kunengxenye ehamba kanje:
“Ungasho ukuthi ukuphila kuyiculo elidabukisayo, / Noma iphupho elingenalutho esiphupha isikhathi eside! / Umphefumulo olalayo ufana nethuna, / Izinto azihlali ziyizinto ezilukwayo.”
Lolu hlobo lwemvumelwano lusiza ukuhlela ukwakheka kwenkondlo futhi lungangeza ukugeleza komculo emagameni. Kufana nokwenza iphethini yemisindo ephindaphinda ngokulandelana okuthile kuyo yonke inkondlo, iyenze izwakale inesigqi futhi ilinganisela. U-Longfellow wasebenzisa le nqubo enkondlweni yakhe ukuze adlulisele umlayezo ophathelene nenjongo yokuphila nokubaluleka kokuhlala uphapheme futhi umatasa kunokumane ukhukhuleke ekuphileni.
2. I-Ballade
Ibhaladi wuhlobo lwenkondlo enephethini ethile yemilolozelo: ABABBCBC. Imvamisa, inezigaba ezintathu, ngasinye sinemigqa eyisishiyagalombili, futhi siphetha ngestanza esinemigqa emine. Kuso sonke isigaba, umugqa wokugcina uyaphindwa, obizwa ngokuthi i-refrain.
I-ballade eyodwa edumile I-"Ballade of the Optimist" ka-Andrew Lang.” Kule nkondlo, uLang ukhuluma ngokuthi ngezinye izikhathi, ngosuku olufudumele lwasehlobo, abantu baphunyuka kanjani ezinkathazo nasezinkingeni zabo. Bahamba bahambe eduze komfudlana onokuthula. Ngalezi zikhathi, bayakhohlwa ngobunzima bokuguga kanye nemithwalo edala umonakalo. Kunalokho, bacwiliswa ebuhleni bemvelo, bezwa umuzwa wokwaneliseka.
ULang uchaza ukuzungezwa izitshalo njengomshanelo egqumeni, ukuthola induduzo nenjabulo ngobulula bokuphila. Umyalezo odluliswayo uwukuthi ezikhathini ezinjalo, abantu bancamela ukuzwa ukuphila, nazo zonke izikhathi ezinhle nezimbi, kunokuba bangakutholi nhlobo.
Lolu hlobo lwenkondlo, nesakhiwo salo esiphindaphindayo kanye nezinkulumo ezisuka enhliziyweni, lubamba umqondo wokuthi phakathi kwezinselele zempilo, kunezikhathi zokuzola nenjabulo okufanele iqashwe.
Funda futhi: 59 Izingathekiso Izibonelo
3. I-Coupled Rhyme
Imvumelwano ehambisanayo yilapho imigqa emibili enkondlweni ihlangana ndawonye. Kufana nemigqa lapho amagama okugcina ezwakala ngokufanayo, njengokuthi “bona” nelithi “wena” ku. I-Sonnet kaShakespeare 18. Lolu hlobo lwemvumelwano luvame ukuza ngephethini, lapho imigqa emibili inemvumelwano nomunye, ilandelwe eminye imigqa emibili enemvumelwano futhi. Ibizwa nge-AA BB CC noma uhlobo olufanayo lwephethini yesigqi.
UShakespeare, imbongi edumile, wasebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemvumelwano kumasonnethi akhe. Lapho ufunda izinkondlo zakhe, uzobona ukuthi ezinye ziphetha ngemigqa emibili enemvumelwano, njengesibonelo esivela ku-Sonnet 18. Kuleyo ndodana, imigqa emibili yokugcina yakha i-couplet enemvumelwano, enikeza umqondo wokuphothula noma umcabango wokugcina inkondlo. Abantu basajabulela imilolozelo kaShakespeare namuhla ngoba benza izinkondlo zizwakale njengomculo futhi ziphelele. Kufana nephazili encane lapho amagama okugcina ehambisana khona futhi enze inkondlo izwakale iphelile.
4. I-Monorhyme
I-monorhyme yilapho wonke umugqa westanza noma yonke inkondlo unemvumelwano yesiphetho efanayo. Thatha Inkondlo kaWilliam Blake ethi “Silent, Silent Night” njengesibonelo. Kule nkondlo, wonke umugqa uphetha ngamagama anemvumelwano ethi “ubusuku.”
Enkondlweni kaBlake, ukhuluma ngokuthi ubusuku obuthulile kufanele bukhiphe izibani zabo ezikhanyayo. Ukhuluma ngokuthi emini, imimoya eminingi izulazula futhi ikhohlise izikhathi ezijabulisayo. UBlake ubuza ukuthi kungani injabulo ivame ukuza nenkohliso noma ixutshwe nosizi.
Usikisela ukuthi injabulo yangempela iyazibhubhisa lapho ixubene nokubonakala okungamanga, ukuyiqhathanisa nekhola noma owesifazane ocashile. Ngokuyinhloko, ucabangela uhlobo lwenjabulo, ukwethembeka, nezindlela engacekelwa phansi noma ichithwe ngayo.
Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo senkondlo, elinemilolozelo ephindaphindwayo, lungakha isigqi esinamandla futhi lugcizelele imibono noma imizwa ethile. Ukusebenzisa kukaBlake i-monorhyme ku-"Silent, Silent Night" kusiza ukudlulisa ukujula kwemicabango yakhe ngobunkimbinkimbi benjabulo kanye nobuqiniso bayo.
5. I-Rhyme Ehlanganisiwe
I-Sonnet VII, ebhalwe nguJohn Milton, ilandela uhlelo oluthile lwemvumelwano olubizwa ngokuthi “imvumelwano evalekile.” Le phethini, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ABBA, ibandakanya umugqa wokuqala nowesine ohambisana nomunye nomunye, kanye nomugqa wesibili nowesithathu ohambisanayo ndawonye. Kulesi sakhiwo, imigqa engu-A ihlanganisa imigqa ye-B.
Kule sonnet, uMilton ucabanga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngokushesha nangendlela okumthathe ngayo isinyenyela iminyaka yakhe engamashumi amabili nantathu yokuphila. Ubona indlela izinsuku zakhe ezishesha ngayo, ziqhubekela phambili ngesivinini esisheshayo. Naphezu kwalesi sivinini, ukhala ngokuthi isigaba sakhe samanje sempilo, esifana nentwasahlobo yasemuva, asibonisi noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuhluma noma ukuqhakaza. Kunomuzwa wokulahlekelwa noma ukuntuleka ekukhuleni nasekudlidlizeni okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa naleso sigaba.
Ukuzindla kukaMilton ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nomthelela wako ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwempilo yakhe kuvuselela umuzwa wobusha obudlulayo kanye nokungabikho kwentuthuko elindelekile esigabeni sakhe samanje. Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwemvumelwano oluvalekile kule sonnethi kugcizelela le mizwa ngokuhlela imigqa yenkondlo ngendlela ethize, elukwe ngokuqinile enanela izindikimba zokuhamba kwesikhathi nokulindelwe okungafezekanga.
6. Imvumelwano Elula Yemigqa Emine
Kule nkondlo emfushane evela enkondlweni ende kaSamuel Taylor Coleridge ethi “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” sihlangana netilosi elidala, i-Mariner. Umisa umuntu odlulayo abese ebuza ukuthi umisweni, ebona intshebe ende empunga namehlo acwebezelayo.
Le nkondlo iyingxenye yencwadi enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi “I-Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” exoxa indaba ngemilolozelo. Kumayelana netilosi eliye labhekana nezinto ezingavamile nezithusayo olwandle futhi eliphoqelekile ukwabelana ngendaba yalo nabanye.
Ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lwemvumelwano I-ABCB kusho ukuthi umugqa ngamunye wesibili nowesine esigabeni ngasinye uzohambisana nomunye nomunye, kwakhiwe isigqi kuyo yonke inkondlo. Le ngcaphuno ethile ibeka indawo ngokwethula iMariner engaqondakali, ivusa ilukuluku mayelana nezinhloso zakhe nendaba azoyixoxa.
7. Inxantathu
I-“triplet” ibhekisela eqenjini elikhethekile lemigqa emithathu ngaphakathi kwenkondlo. Le migqa ibizwa ngokuthi “i-tercet,” futhi inokuthile okuhle abafana ngakho: yonke iphetha ngamagama anemvumelwano.
Isibonelo, enkondlweni kaWilliam Shakespeare ethi "The Phoenix and the Turtle," usebenzisa i-triplet ukusho okuthile okujulile. Uyabhala, "Iqiniso lingase libonakale, kodwa alikwazi, / Ubuhle buziqhayisa, kodwa 'akuyena, / Iqiniso nobuhle bungcwatshwe."
Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagama okugcina omugqa ngamunye kuleyo migqa emithathu—njengokuthi “yiba,” “yiba,” “yiba,” nelithi “yiba”—azwakala ngokufanayo. Kufana nekhodi eyimfihlo yokwenza izinkondlo zizwakale kahle futhi zixhumene.
Enkondlweni kaShakespeare, ukhuluma ngemibono emikhulu, ethi iqiniso nobuhle akubona njalo lokho okubonakala, futhi ngandlela-thile kufihliwe noma kulahlekile. Kuyimfihlakalo futhi kukwenza ucabange ngezinto ezijulile lapho ufunda. Ama-triplets, njengalawo asetshenziswa uShakespeare, engeza ikhwalithi yomculo enkondlweni kuyilapho egcizelela umbono noma imizwa ethile.
8. Terza rima
I-Terza rima iwuhlobo lwezinkondlo zase-Italy. Yakhiwe ngamaqoqo emigqa emithathu. Ngalesi sitayela, umugqa wesibili weqembu ngalinye unemvumelwano nomugqa wokuqala nowokugcina weqembu elilandelayo. Inkondlo iphetha ngengxenye enemigqa emibili lapho umugqa wokugcina unemilolozelo nomugqa ophakathi kweqembu elisuka kwesibili ukuya kowokugcina. Lesi sitayela silandela iphethini: ABA BCB CDC DED EE.
Isibonelo esisodwa esidumile sithi “Ode to the West Wind” kaPercy Shelley. Kule nkondlo, uShelley ukhuluma ngamandla amakhulu omoya wasekwindla. Uwuchaza njengomoya ophusha amahlamvu afile okwezipoki ezibalekela isangoma. Umoya uthwala imbewu uyiyise endaweni yayo yokuphumula ebusika, lapho ilinda khona kuze kufike intwasahlobo. Lapho kufika intwasahlobo, ibuyisela ukuphila emhlabeni inemiqumbe emibalabala nephunga elimnandi.
U-Shelley wenza umoya ube samuntu njengomoya wasendle ongumbhubhisi nomlondolozi. Ubiza la mandla ukuba alalele ukunxusa kwakhe. Inkondlo ikhombisa ubunjalo obumbaxambili bomoya, ikhono lawo lokuletha kokubili ukucekelwa phansi nokuvuselela emhlabeni.
ukushesha komhubhe uthi
Isikhumba sami besibi kakhulu muva nje. Ngakho-ke unenhlanhla yokubona isihloko sakho.
Bassey James uthi
Wamukelekile. Siyajabula ukuba usizo