Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela ingenye edume kakhulu imisebenzi emhlabeni. Bobabili abafundi basekhaya nabaphesheya kwezilwandle isikhathi esiningi badidekile mayelana nezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela kanye naleyo ongakhetha kuzo.
Njengomfundi ozoba ngumfundi wobunjiniyela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wazi imininingwane nezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela. Ukudlala indlela yezobuNjiniyela kuholela emathubeni amaningi emisebenzi kanye nezici ezikhethekile.
Hlala Iqembu Elinolwazi inemininingwane yohlu lwezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela kulokhu okuqukethwe kanye nenkambu yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwa kakhulu ngo-2024. Ngochwepheshe ngamunye, sibheka incazelo kanye nendlela yokuba unjiniyela kulokho. umkhakha wobunjiniyela, futhi sithemba ukuthi kuzoba usizo kuwe ukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi ukulungele yini noma cha.
Lokhu okuqukethwe kuzobe kudingida amaphuzu alandelayo akhokha kakhulu insimu yobunjiniyela futhi uphendule imibuzo elandelayo:
- Buyini ubunjiniyela?
- Iyiphi Inkambu Engcono Kakhulu Kwezobunjiniyela?
- Iyiphi Indlela Yomsebenzi Wobunjiniyela Enzima Kakhulu?
- Yibuphi ubunjiniyela obulula?
- Imuphi umkhakha wobunjiniyela okhokhelwa kakhulu?
- Izinhlobo Zemisebenzi Yobunjiniyela
Funda Futhi: Incazelo Yomsebenzi Wobunjiniyela Bemishini, Iholo, Izidingo ngo-2024
Kuyini Ubunjiniyela?
Ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe kwezimiso zesayensi ukuklama, nokuthuthukisa imishini, izisetshenziswa, izakhiwo noma izinqubo zokukhiqiza, noma imisebenzi ezisebenzisayo zodwa noma ezizihlanganisayo; noma ukwakha noma ukusebenzisa okufanayo ngolwazi olugcwele lomklamo wayo; noma ukubikezela ukuziphatha kwabo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza - yonke into ehlobene nomsebenzi olindelekile, umnotho wokusebenza nokuphepha kwempilo nempahla kubizwa ngokuthi ubunjiniyela.
Kunezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela okuxoxwe ngayo kulesi sihloko.
Ithini Inkundla Yobunjiniyela Ekhokhelwa Kakhulu?
Kutholwe ukuthi inkambu yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwa kakhulu ubunjiniyela be-petroleum, lapho onjiniyela kulo mkhakha begoduka nemali engaphezu kuka-$100,000. Njengoba ungase uqagele egameni, onjiniyela be-petroleum babheka amadiphozithi kawoyela emvelo bese besiza ukuwabuyisela.
Uma ufuna ukufunda lolu hlobo lobunjiniyela, khumbula ukuthi udinga nolwazi lwamakhemikhali, izibalo, kanye ne-geology. Kodwa-ke, njengomkhakha wobunjiniyela okhokhelwa kakhulu, umholo omaphakathi wonyaka wenkampani kaphethiloli ungaphezu kokwanele ukuthethelela ukutshalwa kwezimali kobuhlakani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyinselele yangempela.
I-Nuclear Engineering kanye ne-Chemical Engineering yimikhakha elandelayo yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwa kakhulu kanye nemisebenzi eletha ekhaya ama- $ 67,000 - $118,000 kanye nama- $ 65,000 - $116,000 ngokulandelana.
Funda Futhi: Imisebenzi Engadingi Iziqu Zasekolishi
Iyiphi Inkambu Engcono Kakhulu Kwezobunjiniyela?
Abafundi abaningi bangakhetha inkambu yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwa kakhulu njengenkambu engcono kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela. Ngoba ukuchaza idigri elingcono kakhulu lobunjiniyela kuwukuzicabangela futhi isikhathi esiningi kuzokwehliselwa ezithakazelweni zemvelo zomfundi.
Abanye babheka idigri yobunjiniyela ngombono ongcono kakhulu wesikhathi esizayo: ngezansi sichaza ngokuningiliziwe umbono wethu. Abanye babheka ukuthi yini ebagculisa kakhulu, yini ekhokha kakhulu, noma yiziphi izinselelo ababacindezela kakhulu.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela neziqu ziyinselele, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zeziqu zobunjiniyela kangangokuthi ungathola ngokuqinisekile insimu ezoholela ekwanelisekeni kochwepheshe.
Lokhu kungase kusakhiwa, lapho i-Civil Engineering degree kanye nomsebenzi kungase kube idigri yobunjiniyela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ngokufanayo, uma uzizwa usondelene nezinkinga zemvelo, khona-ke idigri ye-Environmental Engineering ingaba idigri yobunjiniyela ekufanele kakhulu kuwe. Kukhona futhi umbuzo weholo, odlala indima ebalulekile ekwaneliseni umsebenzi.
Sinalokhu engqondweni, sibhale ngezansi ezinye “zezinketho ezingcono kakhulu” zethu ngokusekelwe ezihlokweni ezithile ezifana namathuba omsebenzi, iholo okungenzeka ukuthi likhona, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, iziqu zobunjiniyela ezinikeza amandla amakhulu esikhathi esizayo, njengoba lokhu kuyisisekelo sokucatshangelwa. noma ubani okala izinketho zabo zemisebenzi.
Yini Ubunjiniyela Obuqine Kakhulu?
- Ubuchwepheshe kagesi
- I-Petroleum Engineering
- Ubunjiniyela bezakhi
- Ubunikazi be-aerospace
- Onjiniyela bamakhemikhali
- Ubunikazi bekhompyutha
- I-Civil Engineering
- Ubunjiniyela bokusebenza
Inkambu yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwa kakhulu ingase ingabi ubunjiniyela obunzima kakhulu. Akudingeki ukusho, ukwenza ukuhlaziya okunzima kakhulu, sidinga ukusebenzisa idatha kulokhu okukhethekile.
Emsebenzini wethu, sizosebenzisa ulwazi lwe-Reddit: lena yiwebhusayithi yomphakathi yabafundi bonjiniyela kanye nabafundi abazoba ngabafundi abafuna ukuhamba endleleni yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela.
Siyazi ukuthi abafundi ngokwabo kuphela abangakwazi ukwaziswa mayelana nezici ezihlukahlukene nobunzima abahlangabezana nabo ngenkathi befunda.
Sifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuqhathanisa imisebenzi akuwona umsebenzi okufanele uhileleke kakhulu kuwo. Kunzima ukuqhathanisa izinto ezahlukene ngoba okukhethekile ngakunye kuhlukile ngomqondo othile. Ngakho, lezi zinto aziqhathaniseki kakhulu.
Kufanele uqonde ukuthi ikolishi nenyuvesi ngayinye ingaba nesigaba sayo sobunjiniyela esinzima kakhulu. Okufanayo nangabafundi: umuntu ozonda isayensi yamakhompiyutha, angamemeza ethi ubunjiniyela bamakhompiyutha buyinto enzima kakhulu emhlabeni, kuyilapho omunye umuntu engase acabange ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe obulula kakhulu ake wezwa ngabo. Kungakho wonke umfundi engenza uhlu lwabo oluhlukile lwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi elula.
Sonke sinamakhono namakhono ahlukene, yingakho izinto ezibonakala zinzima kakhulu komunye zingase zibonakale zilula komunye.
Uhlu lwama-majors ayi-10 anzima kakhulu ngokusho kweReddit
Ngokusho komphakathi we-inthanethi odumile; Reddit, ngezansi kunohlu lwama-majors anzima kakhulu emkhakheni wobunjiniyela.
Ubunjiniyela bakagesi:
Lo mkhakha uthathwa njengeziqu zasenyuvesi ezinzima kakhulu emhlabeni ngokombono wabasebenzisi beReddit.
Abafundi balobu buchwepheshe kufanele bafunde izinto zikagesi, i-electromagnetic, control systems, ukuxhumana okungenantambo, insulation kagesi, njll. Ngokuzayo, ochwepheshe abanjalo bazosebenza nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini kagesi.
Ubunjiniyela bePetroleum:
Abafundi bachaze lobu buchwepheshe njengobunzima ukubuthola, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi labo chwepheshe bakusasa kufanele bafunde i-geology, ubunjiniyela obuyisisekelo kanye ne-thermodynamics. Unjiniyela kawoyela uyahlola, akhiphe futhi akhiqize uwoyela, aphinde ahlanganyele ekukhiqizeni igesi.
Ubunjiniyela Bamakhemikhali:
Lokhu okwezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela okukhethekile okuhlanganisa iziyalo ezifana nekhemistri (i-physics, i-organic kanye ne-biochemistry), ihluzo zobunjiniyela, i-physics, ne-geometry. Lena inkambu enhle yabafundi abathanda i-chemistry futhi abafuna ukusebenza ekukhiqizeni.
Kunamathuba amaningi omsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo, kodwa sincoma ukukhetha lesi sikhundla kuphela uma amakhono akho ekhemistry engaphezulu kwezinga eliphakathi.
Ubunjiniyela be-Aerospace:
Abafundi abakulokhu okukhethekile bafunda izibalo eziningi, i-aerodynamics, izinjini, izilawuli zendiza, njll. Uma uphupha impilo yakho yonke usebenza ezindaweni ezifana ne-Boeing ne-NASA, lokhu kungokwakho! Kodwa qaphela ukuthi awunasithakazelo kuphela kumikhumbi-mkhathi nasezindizeni kodwa unolwazi oluqinile lwezibalo ne-physics.
Onjiniyela bamakhemikhali:
Uzofunda izifundo ezidingekayo njenge-biotechnology, isayensi yezinto zokwakha, i-fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, robotics, njll. Lo msebenzi udinga amakhono amahle wezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokwenza izinqumo ezibalulekile.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wakho wesikhathi esizayo: ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinjini zegesi, amajeneretha kagesi, amathuluzi kagesi neminye imishini esebenza ngamandla.
Ubunjiniyela Bekhompyutha:
Lokhu kubhekwa njengochwepheshe besithupha obunzima kakhulu kwezobunjiniyela. Abafundi basemphakathini wakwaReddit bathi lolu wubuchwepheshe obudume kakhulu kulabo abathanda ukufunda ukuthi amakhompyutha asebenza kanjani. Lobu buchwepheshe budinga ukutadisha izifundo ezifana ne-computer science, mathematics, ne-physics.
Ngesikhathi sokufunda, uzobamba iqhaza kumarobhothi amaningi, ubuchwepheshe bewebhu kanye namaphrojekthi wokuvikela amakhompyutha. Inhloso enkulu yalo chwepheshe ukuklama nokuthuthukisa isoftware nehardware yamakhompyutha.
I-Civil Engineering:
Abafundi kulo mkhakha bafunda izibalo, isayensi yekhompiyutha, i-chemistry economics, njll. Ziningi izindlela zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wakho wesikhathi esizayo ngalobu buchwepheshe: ungasebenza kwezokuthutha, i-geotechnical, amanzi angcolile, i-structural, kanye nemikhakha yokwakha.
Ungakwazi ukuqapha inqubo yokwakha imigudu, izakhiwo, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, njll. Lokhu kudinga ukusebenza ngamaqembu futhi uthole izixazululo ezifanele kakhulu.
Ubunjiniyela Bezokwakha:
Lokhu okukhethekile okuthakazelisayo lapho abafundi befunda ukuhlela, ukuklama nokwakha izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ngempumelelo nangokuphepha. Iziyalo eziyinhloko lapha amasekhethi kagesi, imishini ewuketshezi, i-physics yobunjiniyela, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo, njll. Ungenza umsebenzi wakho wesikhathi esizayo emkhakheni wokwakha.
Ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe:
Lo mkhakha udinga ukutadisha imikhakha efana nebhizinisi, izibalo, isayensi, i-psychology, njll. Ochwepheshe abanjalo bakha imibono emisha yokuthi zingathuthukisa kanjani izibhedlela, izimboni nezinye izinhlangano eziningi.
Abafundi balobu bungcweti kufanele babhale inani elikhulu lezifundo eziyizimo futhi benze ucwaningo nemibiko.
Yini Ubunjiniyela Obulula Kakhulu?
Indlela yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela ayilula neze. Abantu abaningi baphikisa ngokuthi, nakuba kusabhekwa njengenselele kakhulu, ubunjiniyela bezobunjiniyela yiziqu zobunjiniyela okulula ukuzithola, kodwa lokho kuyingxenye yendaba.
Kodwa-ke, labo bantu bangase bakubheke njengenye yezinketho zemisebenzi enzima kakhulu njengoba izimfuno namazinga omthwalo wemfanelo angedlula kude eminye imisebenzi.
Isibonelo, unjiniyela wezakhiwo angase abe nesibopho samaphrojekthi anesabelomali esikhulu kakhulu kanye nemikhawulo yesikhathi (isibonelo, imboni yezokwakha) lapho ingcindezi kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphuthuma kwamukelwa njengengxenye yomsebenzi.
Khumbula ukuthi osonkontileka abakhulu abaningi bokwakha basebenza emaphethelweni amancane njengo-1%.
Lokhu kusalingana nenzuzo enkulu ngenxa yesamba esikhulu semali esibandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi amakhulu wokwakha, njengezakhiwo zokuhlala eziphakeme kanye namaphrojekthi amakhulu okuhweba.
Uma umsebenzi ungahambi kahle futhi ubambezeleka, lokhu kungadala ingcindezi enkulu kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezimali kumakhi ovamise ukuqasha unjiniyela wezakhiwo futhi asebenze eduze naye ukuze awenze ukuze umsebenzi ubuyele endleleni efanele.
Izinhlobo Zemisebenzi Yobunjiniyela
Iziqu zobunjiniyela ziyisinyathelo sokuqala esibheke emsebenzini wesikhathi esizayo wokuthola, ukuklama nokusungula. Ungasondela kumkhakha wobunjiniyela ngama-engeli ahlukahlukene ezemfundo. I-Associated, i-bachelor's kanye neziqu ze-master's zonke izinketho zalabo abafisa ukufunda ngobunjiniyela.
Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lwangempela lobunjiniyela luzosho ngokuqinile izinga lemfundo okufanele litholwe kanye nobude besikhathi sokufunda ukuze kuqale umsebenzi.
I-Aerospace Engineering Career Path
Lo msebenzi wobunjiniyela uletha izikhundla eziyinselele namathuba omsebenzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Lapho umuntu ethatha isinqumo sokuphishekela umsebenzi wobunjiniyela, kufanele akhethe phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zobungcweti bobunjiniyela, obufana ne-aerospace, civil, Electrical and chemical engineering. Ingcweti yobunjiniyela be-aerospace iveza imisebenzi engaphandle kwangempela kulo mhlaba.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Wezindiza
Ukuze ube unjiniyela we-aerospace, umuntu kufanele athole iziqu zobunjiniyela enyuvesi egunyaziwe. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlelo zeziqu ze-aerospace ezitholakalayo, okuhlanganisa i-undergraduate, iziqu kanye nezinhlelo zobudokotela.
Ukuze usebenze njengonjiniyela we-aerospace wezinga eliphansi, umuntu kufanele aqale ngokuthola iziqu zasenyuvesi zobunjiniyela be-aerospace.
I-Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University iyisibonelo sesikole esiqeqesheke kakhulu esihlinzeka ngeziqu zasenyuvesi zobunjiniyela bezindiza. Njengoba igama lisho, uhlelo lweziqu ze-Embry-Riddle lugxile ezindizeni hhayi emkhathini.
Kubafundi basekhaya nabasemazweni angaphandle abafuna ukuhamba indlela yobunjiniyela be-Aerospace, i-University of Southern California iphinde ibe ngumhlinzeki wezinhlelo zeziqu eziphakeme kwezobunjiniyela be-aerospace, kanti izifundo zayo ze-undergraduate zihlanganisa izifundo zasemoyeni nezemkhathi.
Onjiniyela be-Aerospace abafuna inzuzo yobungcweti bavame ukuqala izifundo ze-postgraduate kanye nezobudokotela. I-Georgia Institute of Technology kanye ne-Wichita State University banezinhlelo ezimbili zeziqu zobunjiniyela be-aerospace ezithuthuke kakhulu ezweni; I-Wichita State University nayo idume ngenani lezimali zocwaningo ezitholele abafundi bayo abaneziqu, abazofundela ubudokotela kanye noprofesa.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela be-Biomedical
Onjiniyela be-Biomedical basebenza ngengxube ye-biology, imithi kanye nobunjiniyela. Baqeqeshelwe ukuphenya nokuklama izixazululo ezizokwenza ngcono ukunakekelwa kwesiguli. Bangochwepheshe abasebenza ngemishini yezokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi efana nama-MRIs nemishini yokuhlinza emincane kakhulu.
Ubunjiniyela be-Biomedical ingenye yezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela edinga ukuthi onjiniyela babe nesibopho sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezintsha zezokwelapha njengezitho zokwenziwa nezitho zokwenziwa.
Onjiniyela be-biomedical bayafaka, banakekele futhi balungise noma banikeze ukusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemishini yezokwelapha nemishini. Baqinisekisa ukuthi bahlala besebenza ngempumelelo enkulu futhi ngeke babeke engcupheni izimpilo zeziguli.
Ngokuvamile basebenza nososayensi bezokwelapha, ososayensi bempilo kanye nosokhemisi. Babamba iqhaza ocwaningweni lokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa imishini ye-biomedical. Onjiniyela bezokwelashwa baphinde baqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi abaphethe umshini bayakwazi ukuwusebenzisa nokuwunakekela.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela We-Biomedical
Onjiniyela be-Biomedical kumele baqedele iziqu zeminyaka emine kubunjiniyela be-biomedical. Omunye umzila uwukuthola iziqu ze-bachelor kwenye inkambu yobunjiniyela futhi uthole iziqu ze-postgraduate ku-biomedical engineering. Bangathola nomsebenzi ngokuqeqeshwa kulo mkhakha.
Nokho, kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi babhalisa kuphela ezinhlelweni ezigunyazwe yi-ABET. Lolu hlobo lwekhondo lomsebenzi wobunjiniyela alufundelwa emanyuvesi amaningi, ngenxa yokuthi luyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani. Kepha kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobunjiniyela kanye nenye yezinkambu zobunjiniyela ezikhokhelwa kakhulu.
Abafundi abafisa ubunjiniyela be-biomedical bangaqala ukulungiselela esikoleni esiphakeme. Kufanele bathathe izifundo zezibalo nezesayensi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka, njenge-calculus, i-physics, ikhemistri kanye ne-biology.
Izifundo zokudweba ngomshini, ukudweba kanye nezinhlelo zekhompyutha nazo zibalulekile. Izinhlelo ze-ABET zihlanganisa ama-internship nama-cooperatives.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali
Onjiniyela bamakhemikhali basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngomhlaba wenyama ukuze ekugcineni babe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwama-athomu nama-molecule ngamanye.
Amakhono akhe ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto zakamuva futhi abalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, okuhlanganisa i-nanotechnology, ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nekhompyutha.
Ngokuvamile ukusebenzisana nabanye onjiniyela emaqenjini ezinhlanga ezahlukene ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zesintu, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi onjiniyela bamakhemikhali bazoqhubeka nokuba ngabaholi ababalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuchuma kwethu kwekusasa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kule planethi noma kwenye.
Kumarekhodi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali ingenye yezinkambu zobunjiniyela ezikhokhelwa kakhulu.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Wamakhemikhali
Inqubo yokuthola iziqu zobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali nokuba unjiniyela wamakhemikhali ishubile kweminye imikhakha.
Uhlelo lobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley (lucatshangelwa phakathi kwezikhungo ezinhle kakhulu zobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali ngokusho usnews.com) igxilisa abafundi ku-mathematics ne-physical science (i-physics ne-chemistry, ikakhulukazi) phakathi neminyaka yabo emibili yokuqala bese ifundisa labo bafundi ekusebenziseni izibalo nesayensi yemvelo eminyakeni yabo emibili yokugcina.
Izikhungo eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo zokufunda ngokubambisana. Ngokufanayo ne-internship, lezi zinhlelo zivumela abafundi ukuthi bathole amakhredithi ngeziqu zabo ngokusebenza kuphrojekthi kanye nonjiniyela abaqeqeshiwe abaqashwe yinkampani exhasayo.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bomphakathi
Le ID ingenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela, futhi igxile ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni imigwaqo, amabhuloho, izakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zokuphakelwa kwamanzi.
Baqondisa futhi baqondise amaqembu okwakha futhi basebenze nabanye onjiniyela. Kwamanye amazwe, ubunjiniyela bezokwakha bungenye yezinkambu nemisebenzi yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwa kakhulu.
Laba basebenzi baqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo ngasinye esakhiwe sihambisana nemvelo futhi singakwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba neziphepho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho lezi zinhlekelele zemvelo zivame ukuhlasela khona.
Onjiniyela bezokwakha basebenza lapho kudingeka khona ukwandisa izakhiwo ezintsha noma amasistimu ezokuthutha kanye nobunjiniyela be-geotechnical. Futhi banezikhundla zokuphatha nezokugada.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Womphakathi
Abafaka izicelo zobunjiniyela bomphakathi kumele bagcwalise idigri yobunjiniyela bomphakathi noma amakhono ahlobene. Nokho, kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi babhalisa kuphela ezinhlelweni ezigunyazwe i-ABET (Ibhodi Lokugunyazwa Kobunjiniyela Nobuchwepheshe).
Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze ufanelekele ukuthola ilayisensi. Iziqu ze-bachelor zithatha iminyaka emine ukuqeda. Ihlanganisa izifundo ezifana ne-engineering mechanics, mathematics, izibalo kanye ne-fluid dynamics.
Abafundi bezobunjiniyela bomphakathi bangasebenza ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezifana nobunjiniyela be-geotechnical obugxile kakhulu ezakhiweni zokwakha, ubunjiniyela bezakhiwo zamadamu namabhuloho, nobunjiniyela bezokuthutha bemigwaqo, imigwaqo nezinhlelo zansuku zonke.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu ze-bachelor's, abaphothule ubunjiniyela bomphakathi kumele benze i-Engineering Fundamentals Exam ezobanikeza isihloko esithi Training Engineer noma Civil Engineering Intern uma bephumelela.
Kuye ngesimo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi baphumelele izivivinyo ezengeziwe, baqeqeshwe futhi bahlangabezane nezinye izidingo ukuze bafanelekele ukuba uchwepheshe be-EC.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bekhompyutha
Onjiniyela bamakhompiyutha bathuthukisa futhi bathuthukise isoftware nezinhlelo zehadiwe ezenza amakhompyutha asebenze. Onjiniyela bamakhompiyutha bangasebenza ngokukhethekile kwisofthiwe noma ihadiwe. Ubunjiniyela bekhompyutha wuhlobo lomsebenzi wobunjiniyela othathwa njengomunye wemikhakha yobunjiniyela esezingeni eliphezulu.
Kusukela kusofthiwe ye-OS, njenge-Windows ne-Linux, kuya ezinhlelweni zekhompuyutha ngazinye, njenge-Photoshop ne-Microsoft Office, onjiniyela bezinhlelo zokusebenza baguqula izitaki zehadiwe zibe amakhompyutha asebenza ngokugcwele.
Onjiniyela bezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha bathuthukisa izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, okuhlanganisa amabhodi omama, amakhadi wezithombe namakhadi alalelwayo, kanye namayunithi onjiniyela besofthiwe abawahlelayo.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Wekhompyutha
Ukuze ube unjiniyela wamakhompiyutha, kufanele ucabangele ukuthola iziqu kusayensi yekhompyutha noma kwenye inkambu ehlobene eduze. Ngenkathi abanye onjiniyela bamakhompiyutha bekwazi ukufunda amakhono abawadingayo ukuze baphumelele ngaphandle kwemfundo esemthethweni, iningi lokuncintisana kwabasebenzi lineziqu zasekolishi.
Ngaphezu kwemfundo esemthethweni, onjiniyela bamakhompiyutha abasafufusa kufanele basebenzise isikhathi sabo samahhala ukuze bahambisane nezitayela zakamuva kanye nezinguquko ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware nehardware.
Ukujwayelana nezinhlelo zesofthiwe ezisanda kuthuthukiswa, ama-patches nama-computer chips kubalulekile ngoba isisekelo solwazi senkambu ye-Computer Engineering sishintsha njalo ukuze sihambisane nobuchwepheshe obusha.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bakagesi
Onjiniyela bakagesi basebenza ngokukhethekile ekunikezeni amandla nasekukhiqizeni. Dizayina, thuthukisa, vivinya futhi ugade ukwakhiwa kwezinto zikagesi. Baphinde baqeqeshelwa ukuphatha imithwalo yemfanelo efana nokufakwa kwezintambo nokukhanyisa ezakhiweni, ezimotweni nasezindizeni.
Okuhle ngokuba ngunjiniyela kagesi ukuthi uqeqesho lukhulu kangangokuthi abaphothule izifundo zabo bangathola umsebenzi ezimbonini eziningi ezahlukene, njengokwakha, ukukhiqiza nokuklama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela bakagesi bangabamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni nasekucwaningeni njengabasizi bososayensi nabanye onjiniyela. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinto zikagesi, kusukela kusidlali somculo esiphathwayo kuya emishinini ye-GPS, zidlula ezandleni zikanjiniyela kagesi.
Baphakamisa izindlela zokusebenzisa amandla kagesi ukuze kusetshenziswe umkhiqizo othile noma ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yawo.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi ephambili eyinselelo nedingayo yonjiniyela be-elekthronikhi, namuhla umcimbi wezinhlelo zokwakha izinhlelo zokukhanyisa ugesi zamabhilidi, ukuhlela, ukuklama nokuhlanganisa izimoto zomjaho ezilawulwa kude nobuchwepheshe bokwakha amafekthri afana namarobhothi angakwazi ukushisela. .
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Kagesi
Kudingeka i-bachelor's degree ukuze ube unjiniyela kagesi. Lena indawo yobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wobunjiniyela, futhi lezi zihloko zizolungiselela umuntu umsebenzi osezingeni lokungena. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukufundela umsebenzi owukhethe esikoleni esiphakeme.
Onjiniyela abasafufusa bakagesi kufanele bathathe izifundo zezibalo nezesayensi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka, okuhlanganisa i-algebra, i-calculus ne-trigonometry. Izifundo zokubhala nazo zibalulekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abafundi bobunjiniyela ngokuvamile kufanele benze imidwebo yobuchwepheshe.
Iziqu ze-bachelor's zithatha iminyaka emine ukuqeda futhi zihlanganisa ilabhorethri, ikilasi kanye nomsebenzi wasensimini.
Onjiniyela bakagesi kungase kudingeke bathole iziqu ze-masters noma ezinye izitifiketi zokuqeqeshwa ukuze bafanelekele izikhundla zocwaningo. Kunezinhlelo zeminyaka emihlanu ezihlinzeka ngeziqu ze-bachelor kanye ne-master's ndawonye. Kufanele baphumelele ukuhlolwa kobuNjiniyela Okuyisisekelo ukuze bathole ilayisense ngemuva kweziqu ze-bachelor kanye nokuhlolwa Kwezimiso Nezinqubo Zobunjiniyela ngemva kokuqeqeshwa.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bezemvelo
Ubunjiniyela bezemvelo sebuphenduke umkhakha wezobunjiniyela obaluleke kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ngaphandle kwemizamo emikhulu nombono wokungakhathali wonjiniyela banamuhla bezemvelo, umkhathi wakusasa ngeke usekele ukuphila, njengoba siwazi. Amanzi ethu nomhlaba ngeke kuhlanzeke, nolwandle lungcolile.
Onjiniyela bezemvelo basebenzisa izimiso zesayensi nobunjiniyela ukuze bavikele futhi bathuthukise imvelo. Umoya, amanzi kanye nezinga lomhlabathi yikona okugxilwe kakhulu kulo. Babheka izixazululo zezifo ezitholakala emanzini, ukuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nokungcoliswa komoya.
Basebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza kanye nenhlanzeko yezimboni. Bahlaziya amasampula enhlabathi namanzi. Bayawuqonda umthetho njengoba usebenza ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Laba njiniyela bagxile ku-hydrology: izinsiza zamanzi, izitshalo zokwelapha/zokuklama kanye ne-bioremediation (ukuhlanza amanzi). Bagxile ezinkingeni zomhlaba wonke, imvula ene-asidi, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezimbangela zokuwohloka kwe-ozone.
Bakha ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokwelashwa komoya namanzi kanye nokubukeka kwemithombo yamandla esimeme. Ukuvikelwa kwemisebe kanye nemiphumela yemvelo yobuchwepheshe obusha ezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela Wezemvelo
Izifundo zobunjiniyela bezemvelo zingaholela ku-bachelor of science (BS), masters degree (MS kanye ne-M.Eng.), Kanye ne-PhD.
Ikharikhulamu eqinile ingabandakanya izifundo ezibanzi emkhakheni wobunjiniyela, njengobunjiniyela bomphakathi, izifundo zokugxilisa ingqondo zamakhono engeziwe obunjiniyela bendawo, isifundo sesayensi esinweba ulwazi lwezemvelo kanye nesifundo sokuklama. I-BS Iziqu zeminyaka emi-4, kanti iziqu zingangeza izinyanga eziyi-18 kuye eminyakeni emi-5 yezifundo ezengeziwe.
Izifundo ze-postgraduate zinikeza abafundi amakhono athuthukile okuxazulula izinkinga ezikhona zemvelo futhi bagweme ukudala ezinye. Abafundi bathola ulwazi olusebenzayo ekuqeqeshweni kwaselabhorethri okusebenzayo futhi babambe iqhaza futhi benze ucwaningo ngezinkinga zemvelo.
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini ibhekana nokunyakaza, amandla namandla. Umuntu ofundele ubunjiniyela bemishini ufuna ukulawula lezi zakhi ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinto ezifanele, okuhlanganisa, izinsiza zabantu nezomnotho ukuze kuthuthukiswe izixazululo zemishini ezisiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo nezifiso zomphakathi.
Ungaba kanjani unjiniyela wemishini
Umsebenzi wobunjiniyela bemishini ungomunye wemikhakha yobunjiniyela ethandwa kakhulu futhi ekhokha kakhulu.
Iningi lonjiniyela bemishini kumele baqedele iziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini. Ezingeni lenyuvesi, amakhono obunjiniyela bemishini athatha izifundo zezibalo ezithuthukile, izibalo, ikhemistri kanye nefiziksi. Ngemuva kokuphothula lezi zifundo ezibalulekile, abafundi bathatha izifundo zobunjiniyela ku:
- Isayensi Yezinto Ezibonakalayo
- Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza
- I-Thermodynamics
- Ukudlulisa Ukushisa
- I-Fluid Dynamics
- Idizayini yeMechanical and Structural
- Kinematics kanye Dynamics of Machinery
- Izinsimbi nezilawuli
- Izinhlelo zekhompyutha ezithuthukisiwe
Abafundi kufanele bazame ukuthola i-internship yobunjiniyela ekhokhelwayo noma engakhokhelwa. I-internship ingasiza umfundi aqonde "umhlaba wangempela" wobunjiniyela futhi asebenzise imibono nezimiso ezifundiswa ekilasini.
I-internship ingasiza futhi umfundi ukuthi anqume izinto azithandayo, amandla kanye nobuthakathaka
Futhi, njengoba amakhono amahle omlomo nokubhaliwe abalulekile emsebenzini wobunjiniyela bemishini, umfundi akufanele adebeselele ubuciko benkululeko nobuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani eziningi zezimboni ezinkulu eziqasha onjiniyela bemishini zivela emazweni ngamazwe, ulimi lwesibili lungase lube wusizo olukhulu.
Imisebenzi Yobunjiniyela bePetroleum
Umsebenzi wobunjiniyela be-petroleum ungolunye lwezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela edinga ukuthi onjiniyela bagxile ekuklameni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe kanye nezindlela zokumba umhlaba ukuze kukhishwe uwoyela negesi. Bathola izindlela zokuthola igesi yemvelo noma uwoyela ongahluziwe emhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela bakawoyela bahlola futhi bathole izindlela ezintsha zokukhipha uwoyela negesi emithonjeni emidala emhlabeni jikelele.
Lokhu kuthathwa njengomkhakha wobunjiniyela okhokhelwa kakhulu. Onjiniyela be-petroleum bavame ukusebenza nama-geologists. Zombili zibalulekile ensimini.
Onjiniyela be-Petroleum bahlela futhi baqondise imisebenzi yokumba uma sekunqunyiwe indawo okungase kumbiwe kuyo. Baqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela ezisetshenziswayo zinikeza ukubuyiselwa okunenzuzo enkulu.
Ungaba Kanjani Unjiniyela We-Petroleum
Idigri yobunjiniyela be-petroleum iyadingeka ukuze uthole isikhundla sezinga lokungena. Ubunjiniyela be-Petroleum buphakathi kwezindawo ezikhethekile zobunjiniyela.
Ngokuvamile izinhlelo zithatha iminyaka emine ukuqeda. Kunamanyuvesi ahlinzeka ngezinhlelo zeminyaka emihlanu ezinikeza ngokuzenzakalelayo abafundi iziqu ezingeni le-master. Abaqashi abaningi bakhetha abafake izicelo abanolwazi lomsebenzi.
Ngalokhu, kungcono ukuthi abathweswe iziqu bathole amakhredithi ezemfundo ezinhlelweni zobunjiniyela ngokubambisana ngaphambi kokufaka isicelo somsebenzi.
Abantu abafuna izikhundla eziphakeme kumele baqedele ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kanye nemfundo. E-USA, Abafundi kumele bathole ilayisense yokuba onjiniyela abangochwepheshe. Uma iziqu ze-bachelor seziqediwe, abathweswe iziqu bangathatha ukuhlolwa kwe-Engineering Fundamentals.
Abadlula ngendlela bazothola isihloko esithi Onjiniyela Abaqeqeshwayo noma Onjiniyela Abaqeqeshwayo. Ukuqeda lesi sigaba kuzokwenza ufanelekele ukuthatha isivivinyo Sezimiso Zobunjiniyela Nokuzilolonga. Kuye ngezidingo zombuso, kungase kudingeke bathole ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ukuze banakekele amalayisensi abo.
Uhlelo Lomsebenzi Wobunjiniyela Besoftware
Onjiniyela be-software bangochwepheshe abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola, ukuklama, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokugcinwa kwesofthiwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngokwezentengiselwano nokomuntu siqu. Basebenzisa izimiso zezibalo, ubunjiniyela kanye nesayensi yekhompiyutha ekwakhiweni kwesoftware yokuphatha.
Laba basebenzi banesibopho sokuhlela amakhompyutha ukuthi asebenze ngendlela okufanele asebenze ngayo.
Onjiniyela abagxile ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware yezinhlelo bayabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo nesoftware eyenza amakhompyutha asebenze.
Lezi ikakhulukazi izinhlelo zokusebenza zamakhompyutha asetshenziswa ebhizinisini noma ekhaya. Isoftware yokuhlela ibandakanya ukulungisa iphutha, ukugcinwa nokusekelwa kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Isoftware yohlelo lokusebenza ibandakanya futhi ekugcineni isebenzisana nokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zekhompiyutha nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amaphrosesa wegama kanye nesofthiwe yezohwebo edayiselwa abathengi.
Ungaba kanjani unjiniyela wesoftware
Ubunjiniyela besoftware bungenye yezinhlobo zemisebenzi yobunjiniyela ezodinga ukuthi abafake izicelo babe nesethi yamakhono akhethiwe. Ikhono lokuhlela amakhompiyutha nekhono ngezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha kuyisidingo esidingekayo.
Ukucabanga okubucayi kuhilelekile ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlanganisa namasu okuphatha nolwazi olubanzi lobuchwepheshe.
Ukuthola iziqu zobunjiniyela besoftware yindawo enhle yokuqala uma uzimisele ngomsebenzi walo mkhakha. Labo abanemfundo efanele kunoma yimuphi umkhakha ohlobene nomkhakha bakhethwa kakhulu ngabaqashi. Kuyasiza ukuthi isicelo somsebenzi sibonise izinga lokuphatha kahle emgqeni wakho womsebenzi.
Lolu hlu luhlanganisa ezinye zezihloko ezizoba usizo ekutholeni amakhono nolwazi oludingekayo emsebenzini wobunjiniyela besofthiwe.
shiya impendulo