Ithini Incazelo Yomsebenzi Wobunjiniyela Bemishini? Sikwethembisa impendulo ecacile yalo mbuzo; uzothola nezibopho ezibalulekile kanye namaholo onjiniyela bemishini. Odinga ukukwenza ukufunda lesi sihloko kuze kube sekupheleni ukuze ukwazi ukuthola konke okudingeka ukwazi ngalo mkhakha wezobuchwepheshe onolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana neholo lemisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini kanye nezidingo zeziqu.
Incazelo yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela beMechanical ingenye ebanzi kakhulu emkhakheni wobunjiniyela. Umuntu oneziqu emkhakheni Mechanical engineering can ukwakha imisebenzi ezindaweni eziningi. Futhi enye yezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu emisebenzini yokwakha emkhakheni amaholo afika nobunjiniyela beMechanical.
Ukuze ube unjiniyela wemishini, kukhona okuhlotshisiwe Izidingo ze-Mechanical degree ukuthi umuntu kufanele ahlangane ngaphambi kokuthi kukhulunywe naye noma ahlonishwe njengonjiniyela kaMechanical.
Uhlaka Lomkhakha Wobunjiniyela Bemishini kanye Nencazelo Yomsebenzi
Ubunjiniyela bemishini bungenye yemikhakha yezobunjiniyela endala futhi ebanzi kakhulu, incazelo yabo yomsebenzi ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izimiso zobunjiniyela bomzimba nezibalo kanye nesayensi yezinto zokwakha ukuze udizayine, uhlaziye, ukhiqize futhi ulondoloze izinhlelo zemishini. Ingenye yemikhakha yezobunjiniyela emidala futhi ebanzi kakhulu.
Umkhakha wobunjiniyela bemishini udinga ukuqonda izindawo ezibalulekile zemechanics, dynamics, thermodynamics, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kanye nogesi. Ngaphezu kwalezi zimiso eziyisisekelo, onjiniyela bemishini basebenzisa amathuluzi afana neComputer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM), I-Computer-Aided Design (CAD) kanye Nokuphathwa Komjikelezo Wokuphila Komkhiqizo ukuze baklame futhi bahlaziye izitshalo ezikhiqizayo, okokusebenza kwezimboni nemishini, izinhlelo zokushisisa nokupholisa, ezokuthutha. amasistimu, izindiza, i-jet skis, amarobhothi, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, izikhali nokunye.
Incazelo yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela bemishini njengegatsha lobuchwepheshe
Incazelo yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela bemishini njengegatsha lobuchwepheshe ihlanganisa ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwemishini.
Ubunjiniyela bemishini bavela njengomkhakha ngesikhathi senguquko yezimboni eYurophu ngekhulu le-18; nokho, ukuthuthuka kwayo kuhlehlela emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka emhlabeni jikelele. Ngekhulu le-19, intuthuko kwezemvelo yaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi yobunjiniyela bemishini.
Inkambu ayikayeki ukuthuthuka ukuze ihlanganise inqubekelaphambili. Abafundi abathanda iMechanical Engineering Careers manje sebelandela intuthuko ezindaweni ezifana nezinto eziyinhlanganisela, i-mechatronics kanye ne-nanotechnology.
Incazelo yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela bemishini ngokuphathelene neminye imikhakha yobunjiniyela
Kuhlanganisa futhi ubunjiniyela be-aerospace, i-metallurgy, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, ubunjiniyela bukagesi, ubunjiniyela bezimboni, kanye neminye imikhakha yobunjiniyela ngamanani ahlukahlukene. Incazelo yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela Bemishini iphinde isho ukuthi bangasebenza futhi emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-biomechanics, izenzakalo zokuthutha, i-bionanotechnology, i-biomechatronics, kanye nokumodela kwezinhlelo zebhayoloji.
Incazelo Yomsebenzi Wobunjiniyela Bemishini Ejwayelekile
Incazelo yomsebenzi yonjiniyela bemishini ihlanganisa ukucwaninga, ukuklama, ukuthuthukisa, ukwakha, nokuhlola imishini nemishini eshisayo, ehlanganisa amathuluzi, izinjini, nemishini.
Onjiniyela bemishini ngokuvamile benza lokhu okulandelayo:
- Hlaziya izinkinga ukuze uthole ukuthi imishini nemishini eshisayo ingasiza kanjani ukuxazulula inkinga.
- Ukudizayina noma ukudizayina kabusha kwemishini nemishini eshisayo ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziya nokwakha okusizwa yikhompyutha.
- Yakha futhi uhlole ama-prototypes wamadivayisi abawaklamayo. Hlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa bese ushintsha umklamo uma kunesidingo.
- Gada inqubo yokukhiqiza idivayisi.
Onjiniyela bemishini baklama futhi baqaphe ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eminingi, kusukela kumishini yezokwelapha kuye kumabhethri amasha. Baphinde baklame imishini ekhiqiza amandla, njengamajeneretha kagesi, izinjini ezivuthayo, nezinjini zesitimu negesi nemishini esebenzisa amandla, njengezimiso zokupholisa nezomoya. ,
Njengabanye onjiniyela, onjiniyela abayimishini basebenzisa amakhompuyutha ukuze bakhe futhi bahlaziye imiklamo, benze ukulingisa, futhi bahlole ukusebenza okungenzeka komshini. Intshisekelo yakho kunoma yimiphi imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini isho ukuthi udinga ukuzinza kulezi zindawo ezishiwo ngenhla.
Izidingo zeziqu zeMechanical Engineering Careers
Amadigri emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bemishini anikezwa emakolishi namanyuvesi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlelo zeziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini ngokuvamile zithatha iminyaka emine kuya kwemihlanu yokufunda futhi ziholela kulokhu okulandelayo:
- IBachelor of Engineering (B.Eng. noma BE)
- IBachelor of Science (B.Sc. noma BS)
- IBachelor of Science Engineering (B.Sc.Eng.)
- Iziqu Zobuchwepheshe (B.Tech.)
- IBachelor of Mechanical Engineering (BME), noma
- Iziqu zeBachelor of Applied Science (BASc.), ngaphakathi noma ngokugcizelela kubunjiniyela bemishini.
Izidingo Zeziqu Zobunjiniyela Bemishini eSpain, ePortugal naseNingizimu Melika
E-Spain, e-Portugal nasezingxenyeni eziningi zaseNingizimu Melika, lapho kungekho BS noma i-B. Tech. Izinhlelo zamukelwe, igama elisemthethweni leziqu lithi “Mechanical Engineer” kanti izifundo zisekelwe eminyakeni emihlanu noma eyisithupha yokuqeqeshwa. E-Italy, isifundo sisekelwe eminyakeni emihlanu yokuqeqeshwa nemfundo, kodwa ukuze ube unjiniyela, kufanele uphumelele ukuhlolwa kombuso ekupheleni kwesifundo. E-Greece, umsebenzi wezifundo usekelwe kwikharikhulamu yeminyaka emihlanu kanye nemfuneko ye-“diploma thesis”, lapho “idiploma” esikhundleni se-B.Sc.
E-United States, ubunjiniyela bemishini ezingeni leziqu zabafundi bugunyazwe yi-Engineering and Technology Accreditation Board (ABET) ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo namazinga afanayo phakathi kwamanyuvesi nasemakolishi asesifundazweni esihlangene saseMelika. Iwebhusayithi ye-ABET ibala cishe izinhlelo ezingama-302 ezigunyaziwe, zobunjiniyela bemishini kusukela ngoMashi 11, 2014.
Izinhlelo zobunjiniyela bemishini eCanada zigunyazwe yiCanadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB), futhi amanye amazwe amaningi anikeza iziqu zobunjiniyela anamabhodi okugunyazwa afanayo.
Izidingo Zeziqu Zobunjiniyela Bemishini e-Australia
E-Australia, izifundo zobunjiniyela bemishini ziklonyeliswa njengeziqu ze-bachelor kwezobunjiniyela (ubunjiniyela bemishini) noma i-nomenclature efanayo, nakuba kukhona okukhethekile okwandayo.
Idigri ithatha iminyaka emine yokufunda ngokugcwele ukuyifinyelela. Ukuqinisekisa amadigri ekhwalithi ephezulu yobunjiniyela bemishini, Onjiniyela base-Australia bagunyaza amadigri obunjiniyela akhishwe amanyuvesi ase-Australia ngaphansi kwe-Washington Accord yomhlaba wonke. Ngaphambi kokuthi kunikezwe idigri yobunjiniyela, umfundi kumele okungenani abe nesipiliyoni sezinyanga ezi-3 ehhovisi lobunjiniyela. Izinhlelo ezifanayo zikhona futhi eNingizimu Afrika futhi ziqashwe uMkhandlu Wobunjiniyela waseNingizimu Afrika (ECSA).
Izidingo Zeziqu Zobunjiniyela Bemishini eNdiya naseNepal
E-India, kufanele ube neziqu zobunjiniyela ezifana ne-B.Tech noma i-BE, noma idiploma yobunjiniyela noma wenze izifundo zokuhweba ngobunjiniyela njenge-fitter evela e-Industrial Training Institute (ITIs) ukuze uthole “Isitifiketi Sokuhweba Se-ITI” futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kudlule i-All India Trade Test (AITT) ngohwebo lobunjiniyela obuhlelwe uMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokuqeqeshwa Kwezandla (NCVT) lapho umuntu eklonyeliswa khona “Isitifiketi Sokuhweba Sikazwelonke”. Uhlelo olufanayo lukhona eNepal.
Abanye onjiniyela bemishini bayaqhubeka nokuthola iziqu ze-postgraduate, ezifana nalezi:
- I-Master of Engineering
- I-Master of Technology
- I-Master of Science
- I-Master of Engineering Management (M.Eng.Mgt. noma i-MEM)
- Udokotela Wefilosofi kwezobunjiniyela (i-Eng.D. noma i-PhD)
Iziqu zobudokotela kwifilosofi iqukethe ingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo futhi imvamisa ithathwa njengendawo yokungena ezifundweni. Kwezinye izikhungo, izifundo zobunjiniyela zisezingeni eliphakathi phakathi kweziqu zenkosi neziqu zobudokotela.
Onjiniyela bemishini badinga iziqu ze-bachelor. Njengomthetho, idigri iyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo. Onjiniyela bemishini abathengisa izinsiza esidlangalaleni kumele bagunyazwe kuzo zonke izifundazwe kanye neSifunda sase-Columbia.
Izidingo Zeziqu Zobunjiniyela Bemishini Ejwayelekile
Cishe yonke imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini, noma imisebenzi yezinga lokungena nobungcweti kwezobunjiniyela bemishini idinga iziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini noma ubuchwepheshe bobunjiniyela bemishini,
Izinhlelo zeziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izifundo zezibalo, i-physics nesayensi yezempilo, kanye nezifundo zobunjiniyela nokuklama. Ubuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bemishini bugxile kancane kuthiyori futhi kakhudlwana ekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe. Izinhlelo zivame ukuhlala iminyaka emi-4, kodwa abafundi abaningi badinga phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 nemi-5 ukuze baqedele iziqu zabo. Izinhlelo zobunjiniyela bemishini zingagxila kuma-internship nama-cooperatives ukulungiselela abafundi umsebenzi embonini.
Amanye amakolishi namanyuvesi anikela ngezinhlelo zeminyaka emi-5 ezivumela abafundi ukuthi bathole ama-bachelor kanye neziqu ze-master. Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenzisana phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 noma engu-6 zihlanganisa ukufunda ekilasini nomsebenzi owenziwayo ukuze abafundi bathole ulwazi olubalulekile futhi bathole imali yokuxhasa ingxenye yezifundo zabo.
I-ABET igunyaza izinhlelo zobunjiniyela bemishini kanye nobuchwepheshe bonjiniyela bemishini. Abaqashi abaningi bakhetha ukuqasha abafundi ohlelweni olugunyaziwe. Idigri yobunjiniyela bemishini ohlelweni olugunyazwe yi-ABET imvamisa iyadingeka ukuze ube unjiniyela oqeqeshiwe onelayisense, njengoba kuyizidingo eziyisisekelo zeziqu zobunjiniyela bemishini.
Iholo Lobunjiniyela Bemishini Ngokwezwe
Ukumboza izindawo emhlabeni jikelele, nanka amazwe ayisishiyagalombili okufanele acatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna ukufunda endaweni ethuthuka ngokushesha embonini yobunjiniyela bemishini. Nansi incazelo evamile yokuthi onjiniyela bemishini basebenza kanjani futhi bahola kanjani emazweni alandelayo.
- I-Australia - iholo lobunjiniyela bemishini e-Australia lilinganiselwa ku-AU$72,124
- ECanada - eCanada, ngokwesilinganiso onjiniyela bemishini bahola ama- $ 55,892 ngonyaka.
- I-France - cishe i-€40,225 iholo lonyaka lonjiniyela bemishini eFrance.
- EJalimane - onjiniyela bemishini abasebenza eJalimane bathola umholo omaphakathi wonyaka wama-€44,000okungenani iminyaka emibili yesipiliyoni sokusebenza.
- I-Italy - ngokwesilinganiso, onjiniyela bemishini bakhokhelwa u-€31,386 njalo ngonyaka e-Italy.
- IJapan - lo msebenzi ukhokha ¥3,585,185 njalo ngonyaka ngokwesilinganiso eJapan.
- I-United Kingdom - isilinganiso somholo wobunjiniyela bemishini ngonyaka e-UK singama- $ 33,023.
- I-United States of America - i-US inikeza onjiniyela bemishini iholo elimaphakathi lonyaka lama- $80,094.
Vele, le miholo yobunjiniyela bemishini ingashintsha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwesaziso, futhi izinkampani ezihlukene zinikeza amaholo ahlukene. Angaba phezulu noma ngaphansi kunomholo wangempela kwezinye izinkampani futhi ngokuvumelana nemibandela ebekwe inkampani entsha enenkontileka. Njenge-United States, bakhokhela onjiniyela bemishini iholo eliphakathi nonyaka lama- $ 85,880 ngo-2017!
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela bemishini kanye neholo ngokuya ngolwazi
Ezinkampanini eziningi e-united states of America, onjiniyela bemishini bakhokhelwa ngenhlonipho yokuthi sebenesikhathi eside kangakanani kulo mkhakha.
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi onjiniyela bemishini abanolwazi olungaphansi konyaka ongu-1 baqeda isilinganiso sama- $82,007 ngonyaka, kuyilapho onjiniyela abaneminyaka engu-1 kuya kwemi-2 yokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi kulo mkhakha baqhubeka nokuhola cishe u-$82,601; lokhu kucishe kufane nonjiniyela abayimishini abaneminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwengama-sipiliyoni okusebenza.
Onjiniyela bemishini abaneminyaka eyi-6 kuye kweyi-9 yesipiliyoni kulo mkhakha bathola cishe u-$113,737, futhi uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yesipiliyoni kulo mkhakha, khona-ke uzozuza okuthile ndawana thize cishe ku-$126,695.
shiya impendulo