IPsychology inezikole ezimbalwa zokucabanga noma izinkolelo-mbono futhi ngokuvamile zinikeza imibono ehlukene yokuthi ungayifunda kanjani i-psychology njengesifundo.
IPsychology yaqala ukuvela njengesayensi yayo ngesikhathi kunengxabano yokuthi ingqondo yomuntu isebenza kanjani. Ekuqaleni, kwakunezinkolelo-mbono eziningana kodwa isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo saseJalimane uWilhelm Maximilian Wundt wayeyisazi sefilosofi sokuqala ukuvula ilabhorethri yezengqondo ngo-1897.
U-Wilhelm Wundt waziwa ngemisebenzi yakhe futhi namuhla uthathwa njengomsunguli we-psychology. I-Wundt iphinde yasungula isikole sokuqala sokucabanga esazi namuhla njengesakhiwo.
Isikole somcabango sihlanganisa abantu abanombono ofanayo ababelana ngokuqonda okufanayo. Izikole ezahlukene zokucabanga zikhona namuhla futhi zifundisiwe ukuze kuqondwe kahle ukuthi ingqondo yomuntu isebenza kanjani.
Siyini Isikole Somcabango?
IPsychology iwukufunda ingqondo yomuntu futhi isikole somcabango sichaza iqembu labantu abanombono ofanayo, ifilosofi, kanye nobuhlakani.
Ihlonza abantu abangabodwana beqembu elithile ngokusekelwe ezinkolelweni zabo noma emikhubeni ehlobene nesihloko esithile.
Funda futhi: Izikole Ezingcono Kakhulu Zengqondo Eziyi-15 Emhlabeni
Izikole Ezinkulu Zomcabango kuPsychology
Ake sihlole izikole eziyisithupha ezinkulu zokucabanga kwengqondo.
ukuhleleka
I-Structuralism kwakuyisikole sokuqala sokucabanga kwengqondo esasigxile ekutadisheni izinqubo zengqondo ngokuzihlukanisa zibe izingxenye ezibalulekile.
Ngokusho kuka-Valentinasolci.medium.com, uWilhelm Wundt, umsunguli walesi sikole sokucabanga waziwa kabanzi ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi wathola amakhredithi amaningi.
Umfundi ka-Wundt u-Edward B. Titchener naye ubonwa njengomunye wezihlakaniphi ezinkulu zesakhiwo.
Isikole sokuqala sokucabanga kwengqondo sigxile ekuhloleni ukwakheka komqondo womuntu. Ihlose ukuqonda ukuthi ingqondo yakheke kanjani ukuze isebenze nokuthi abantu bazivumelanisa kanjani nezinkolelo ezintsha.
Njengoba isikole sokuqala sokucabanga, ukuhleleka kuhlola umbono womuntu kanye nemibono ehlukene. Lesi sikole sokucabanga senze izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo eziningana zalangazelela ukuhlola nokuqonda izingxenye eziyisisekelo zomqondo owazi.
U-Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt wayenguchwepheshe wezengqondo owasondela kulo mqondo ngokuhlukile. Indlela yakhe yokuqonda lo mgomo kwakuwukusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuzihlola.
I-Introspection ihlanganisa ukuzama ukuthola okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kwangaphakathi ngabanye kanye nokuzindla ngokuqaphela kwethu.
Abagxeki abaningi babenombono ohlukile mayelana nokusebenzisa introspection njengethuluzi, naphezu kwalesi sikole sokucabanga sithuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo ngaleso sikhathi. akuvamile ukuba abantu ababili babone into efanayo ngendlela efanayo.
Ukusebenza
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika kanye nesazi sefilosofi William James uyisifundiswa sokusebenza kahle, esinye sezikole zomcabango kusayikholoji. UWilliam James wayeyisazi sefilosofi esasinombono ohlukile mayelana nomsebenzi nesakhiwo.
Isazi saseMelika nesazi sefilosofi sasikholelwa ekutadisheni ukuthi umuntu usebenza kanjani kunokutadisha isakhiwo.
Lesi sikole somcabango sichaza indlela ingqondo esebenza ngayo kanye nezinqubo zengqondo ezikhuthaza ukuzivumelanisa nezimo.
Ama-Functionalists abona ingqondo yomuntu njengekhompyutha futhi ukuze baqonde ukuthi ingqondo isebenza kanjani, bayibheka njenge-software. Umqondo womuntu uyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kwawo kwengqondo, udinga ukuhlolwa ngendlela ehlukile.
Abasebenza ngokusebenza bazimisele ukuthola ukuthi kungani izinqubo ezithile zengqondo zivame ukwenzeka. Lokhu kwaholela ekucwaningweni okuphelele kokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ugqozi, izingane, nezilwane.
Ama-Functionalists enze izivivinyo zabo ngokusebenzisa i-introspection njengethuluzi.
Funda futhi: I-10 Psychology Scholarships Yabafundi Bamazwe Ngamazwe eCanada
Ukuziphatha
Phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ukuziphatha kwavela njengesikole sokucabanga esivelele, ukusebenza okudlula ukusebenza kanye nesakhiwo.
I-Behaviourism ingesinye sezikole zokucabanga ku-psychology eyakhula ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Kuyisikole somcabango esigxile ekutadisheni ingqondo yomuntu ngokuhlola izisusa nezimpendulo.
I-Behaviourism ichaza nje ucwaningo lokuziphatha okubonakalayo. Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika uJohn B. Watson sithuthuke ngokwengqondo ngokusungula indlela yokuziphatha.
Efaka isandla emisebenzini ka-Watson, omunye wesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika u-BF Skinner wayengomunye wezazi zokuziphatha ezamukela umqondo wokuziphatha komuntu okufanele uhlolwe.
U-Skinner wakhuthaza umbono wokuhlola ukuziphatha komuntu ngokuqiniswa nokujezisa kanye nezimbangela zendawo ezungezile, esikhundleni sezici zangaphakathi.
UWatson wayezimisele ukutadisha ingqondo yomuntu eduze nangokwengqondo ethuthuke ngokuphelele ukuze abe umkhakha wesayensi. Abagxeki balesi sikole somcabango nokho babe nombono ohlukile.
Babekholelwa ukuthi amathonya athile engqondo ayenzeka ngokuzalwa, yingakho ukutadisha ukuziphatha okunenjongo kubalulekile ekuqondeni ingqondo yomuntu ngokuphithizela.
Psychalt psychology
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ze-Gestalt zikholelwa ukuthi ingqondo yomuntu isebenza ngokuhlukile ngokumunca nokuhumusha ulwazi ngemithetho ehlukene, imithetho, noma izimiso zokuhlela.
Laba izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezazikholelwa ekutadisheni ingqondo yomuntu kanye nolwazi ngokuhlanganyela esikhundleni sokuwuhlukanisa ube izingxenye ezincane. Lezi zazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaziwa ngesisho sazo esithi “Ingqikithi inkulu kunesamba sezingxenye zayo”.
Ezinye izibonelo zezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ze-Gestalt zifaka uMax Wertheimer, uKurt Koffka, noWolfgang Köhler.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ze-Gestalt ziyaqiniseka ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke konke okuhlangenwe nakho, esikhundleni sokukuhlephula kube izingxenye eziyisisekelo. I-Optical illusion yinto futhi ukuqonda umphumela wayo engqondweni yomuntu kuyisibonelo esijwayelekile sokucabanga kwe-gestalt.
Psychology Cognitive
Sisesodabeni lwezikole zokucabanga kwengqondo. Ake sihlole i-cognitive psychology nakho konke okukhona.
Ngakho, yini i-cognitive psychology?
Kuyigatsha lesayensi yezengqondo eliphathelene nokutadisha izinqubo zengqondo yomuntu okuhlanganisa nendlela abantu abakhumbula ngayo, ababona ngayo, abafunda ngayo, nabacabanga ngayo.
Leli gatsha lesayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo lihlobene nezinye iziyalo ezifana ne-neuroscience, linguistics, nefilosofi njengoba liyingxenye yesihloko esibanzi sesayensi yengqondo.
I-Cognitive psychology njengesikole sokucabanga iqukethe imibono eminingana. Ithiyori enethonya evela kulesi sikole somcabango kwakuyithisisi kaJean Piaget “yesigaba sokuthuthuka kwengqondo”.
Ithi izingane ngokuvamile zidlula ezigabeni eziningi ezithuthukayo zokukhula kwengqondo.
Funda futhi: Izikole Ezingcono Kakhulu Ezingu-15 EFlorida ZePsychology 2024
I-Humanistic Psychology
Isayikholoji yesintu yavela njengesikole sokucabanga njengempendulo ekuziphatheni nasekuhlaziyweni kwengqondo. Ihlukile kwezinye izikole zomcabango kuPsychology njengoba igxile kakhulu ekusizeni abantu ngabanye ukuthi bathuthukise inkululeko yabo yokuzikhethela, ukuzenza okwenzekayo, kanye nokukhula komuntu siqu.
Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zaseMelika uCarl Rogers no-Abraham Maslow bangabacabangi ababili abakhulu besintu.
U-Carl Rogers wayengomunye wochwepheshe bezengqondo besintu ababengavumelani nombono wokuthi izenzo zethu zilawulwa amandla athile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi u-Abraham Maslow udume ngokuthuthukisa i-"Hierarchy of Needs" yakhe enikeza ukuqonda okwengeziwe ngale ndlela.
Lesi sikole somcabango sasiwukusabela okulula kokungavumelani ne-psychoanalysis kanye nokuziphatha. Isayikholoji yesintu iholele ohlotsheni oluthile lokwelapha okuhloswe ngalo ukusiza abantu ukuthi bafinyelele amandla abo aphelele.
I-Psychoanalysis
Ithiyori ye-psychoanalytic ichaza ukuziphatha komuntu ngokuhlola ingqondo enganakile.
USigmund Freud ukholelwa ukuthi umuzwa ongokwemvelo wokufuna injabulo, isazi sezinzwa sase-Austria esichaza njengobulili, siwumsuka wokuthuthuka komuntu.
UFreud ukholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene. Ngisho nezingane zithola le njabulo ngesikhathi zisanda kukhula. Isibonelo esijwayelekile isenzo sokuncelisa ebeleni likamama.
Udokotela wezinzwa wase-Austrian naye wayekholelwa ukuthi ingqondo yomuntu iqukethe izakhi ezintathu ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa i-ego, isikhangiso, kanye ne-superego.
Indodakazi kaSigmund Freud, u-Anna Freud, naye wayeyi-psychoanalyst eyaziwa njengomunye wabacabangi abakhulu be-psychodynamic. U-Anna Freud, u-Erik Erikson, noCarl Jung baphakathi kongqondongqondo abakhulu bengqondo.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ngezansi imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nezikole zokucabanga kupsychology.
Siyini isikole sokucabanga?
IPsychology iwukufunda ingqondo yomuntu futhi isikole somcabango sichaza iqembu labantu abanombono ofanayo, ifilosofi, kanye nobuhlakani.
Iyini incazelo yesikole sokucabanga?
Funda futhi: Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo vs Udokotela Wengqondo: Uyini Umehluko?
Isikole somcabango sichaza iqembu labantu abanombono ofanayo, ubuhlakani kanye nefilosofi.
Yayiyini isikole sokuqala somcabango ku-psychology?
Kunezikole eziningi zomcabango kodwa ezokuqala zaziyi-structuralism kanye nokusebenza kahle. Owokuqala kwakuyisikole sokuqala sokucabanga kwengqondo.
Yiziphi izikole eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zomcabango ku-psychology?
Izikole eziyisithupha ezinkulu zomcabango kusayikholoji i-structuralism, behaviourism, functionalism, i-cognitive psychology, i-Gestalt psychology, kanye ne-psychoanalysis.
Iyini i-functionalism njengesikole sokucabanga ku-psychology?
Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseMelika kanye nesazi sefilosofi uWilliam James uyisifundiswa sokusebenza, esinye sezikole zokucabanga kwengqondo. UWilliam James wayeyisazi sefilosofi esasinombono ohlukile mayelana nomsebenzi nesakhiwo.
Isiphetho
I-Structuralism kanye nokusebenza kahle yizikole zokuqala zokucabanga ku-Psychology. Igama elithi i-psychology lihlola indlela ingqondo yomuntu ehlelwe ngayo ngezikole zayo ezihlukahlukene zokucabanga.
Izikole zesimanje zePsychology, ukuziphatha kanye nokufunda kwengqondo kokubili kunethonya, kuyilapho isayense yezobuntu yathuthukiswa njengempendulo ekuziphatheni nasekuhlaziyweni kwengqondo.
Izincomo
- Iziqu Ezi-10 Ezinhle Kakhulu Ku-inthanethi Emfundweni Yezingane Zasezincane Nesitifiketi
- 11 Iziqu Zamahhala Zobudokotela KwiTheology Online
- Uhlu Lwezinguqulo ZeBhayibheli Ezinembe Kakhulu
- Izifundo Zamahhala Zenhlanzeko Yokudla Online UK
- 35 Imibuzo Ejulile NgoNkulunkulu Eyokwakha Ukholo Lwakho
shiya impendulo