Uma uzizwa ungaqiniseki ngokuthi yini eyenza amaketanga okudla ahluke kumawebhu okudla, akuwena wedwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, silapha ukuze sikucacisele izinto. Ake sihlukanise izisekelo zamaketango okudla namawebhu okudla ngendlela eqondakala kalula. Le mibono ibalulekile kuzazi zemvelo njengoba zembula ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem.
Iketango lokudla lifana nendaba yokuthi ubani odla bani emgqeni oqondile. Cabanga ngebhubesi lidla idube, usuwutholile umbono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwebhu yokudla ifana newebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yezindaba ezixhumene. Ibonisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene nezilwane endaweni ezungezile, ibonisa ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi okusekela ukuphila.
Ngokuqonda le mibono, izazi zemvelo zithola ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zincike kanjani komunye nomunye ukuze ziphile. Ngakho-ke, ake singene emhlabeni wamaketango okudla kanye nama-web okudla ukuze sinciphise izindima zezitshalo nezilwane ku-ecosystem yethu.
Liyini I-Food Chain?
Uchungechunge lokudla lufana nomugqa obonisa ukuthi amandla ahamba kanjani entweni ephilayo aye kwenye ngendalo. Iqala ngamandla avela elangeni. Khona-ke, la mandla ahamba ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ngokulandelana.
Isibonelo, ake sibheke uchungechunge lokudla olulula: Ilanga → Utshani → Idube → Ibhubesi. Ilanga linika amandla utshani, obudliwa idube. Khona-ke, ibhubesi lidla idube.
Amaketango okudla asifundisa ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo zithola kanjani amandla ekudleni. Ziphinde zibonise ukuthi imisoco isuka kolunye uhlobo iye kolunye ngochungechunge.
Manje, cabangela uchungechunge lokudla oluyinkimbinkimbi: Ilanga → Utshani → Intethe → Igundane → Inyoka → Uklebe. Kuleli ketango, intethe idla utshani, igundane lidla intethe, inyoka idla igundane, ekugcineni, uklebe udla inyoka.
Ngakho-ke, amaketango okudla asisiza ukuthi siqonde ukuthi amandla nezakhamzimba zigeleza kanjani imvelo, kusukela ezitshalweni kuya ezilwaneni, ezinkulu nezincane.
Amazinga E-Trophic Ochungechungeni Lokudla
Ku-ecosystem, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ziqoqwe ngamazinga ahlukene abizwa ngokuthi amazinga e-trophic. La mazinga asiza izazi zemvelo ukuthi zifunde futhi ziqonde izindima ezithile zezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem. Ake sibheke ezingeni ngalinye le-trophic ochungechungeni lokudla.
1. Abakhiqizi
Ku-ecosystem, izinga lokuqala lihlala abakhiqizi. Lezi zidalwa zibizwa ngokuthi abakhiqizi ngoba ziyakwazi ukuzenzela ukudla. Ngokungafani nezinye izidalwa, azithembeli kunoma ubani omunye ukuze zibe namandla.
Abakhiqizi ikakhulukazi basebenzisa amandla eLanga enqubweni ebizwa nge-photosynthesis ukuze bakhiqize awabo amandla kanye nezakhamzimba. Izitshalo ziwela kulesi sigaba, njengolwelwe, i-phytoplankton, nokunye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya.
Lezi zidalwa zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ibhalansi yamandla ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem, zisebenza njengesisekelo salo lonke uchungechunge lokudla. Ikhono labo lokukhiqiza ngokuzimele ukudla kwabo libahlukanisa njengabahlanganyeli ababalulekile empilweni nasekusebenzeni kwendawo yonke.
2. Abathengi
Abathengi ku-Food Chain
Abathengi badlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla, okumelela izinga le-trophic elilandelayo ngemva kwabakhiqizi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zabathengi: izilwane ezidla uhlaza, izilwane ezidla inyama, nama-omnivores.
- I-Herbivores: Laba abathengi abayinhloko abasebenzisa izitshalo kuphela. Izibonelo zihlanganisa inyamazane, onogwaja, amahhashi, izinkomo, izimvu, nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Izilwane ezidla uhlaza zingadla izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezitshalo, njengamaqabunga, amagatsha, izithelo, amajikijolo, amantongomane, utshani, izimbali, izimpande, noma impova.
- Izilwane ezidla inyama: Izilwane ezidla inyama zingabathengi abadla ezinye izilwane kuphela. Izibonelo zezilwane ezidla inyama zihlanganisa amakati, oklebe, oshaka, amaxoxo, izikhova, nezicabucabu.
- Ama-Omnivores: Ama-Omnivores anokudla okuhlanganisa kokubili izitshalo nezilwane. Amabhere, abantu, ama-raccoon, ama-primates amaningi, nezinyoni eziningi kubhekwa njengama-omnivores.
Njengoba abathengi benyusa uchungechunge lokudla, amazinga ahlukene avela. Abathengi abayinhloko, njengezilwane ezidla uhlaza, badla izitshalo kuphela, kuyilapho abathengi besibili bedla abanye abathengi. Isibonelo, igundane lingaba umthengi wesibili, futhi abathengi bezinga eliphezulu badla abathengi besibili - njengenyoka esibonelweni esinikeziwe.
Uchungechunge lokudla lufinyelela umvuthwandaba nge-apex predator, ehlala phezulu. Esibonelweni esinikeziwe, uklebe uyisilwane esizingelayo. Ezinye izibonelo zama-apex predators ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo zifaka amabhubesi, ama-bobcat, amabhubesi asezintabeni, noshaka abakhulu abamhlophe. Ukuqonda izindima zabathengi kusiza ukukhanyisa iwebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yobudlelwano ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem.
3. Iziboli
Ama-decomposers adlala indima ebalulekile njengesixhumanisi sokugcina ochungechungeni lokudla. Lezi zinambuzane eziwusizo, ikakhulukazi amagciwane nesikhunta, ziyachuma ngokudla izinto ezibolayo njengezitshalo nezilwane ezifile. Njengoba zidla, izinto ezibolayo zidiliza lezi zinto futhi ziziguqule zibe inhlabathi enomsoco. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekubuyiseleni imisoco endaweni ezungezile.
Umhlabathi onothile ngezakhi owenziwe ngababolayo uba umthombo obalulekile ezitshalweni. Izitshalo zimunca lezi zakhi ukuze zizenzele ukudla kwazo nge-photosynthesis, ziqalise umjikelezo omusha wochungechunge lokudla. Empeleni, ababolayo basebenza njengabasebenzi bokuhlanza bemvelo, begaya kabusha izinsalela zezinto eziphila kanye zibe yizinsiza ezibalulekile ezigcina umjikelezo wempilo oqhubekayo kuma-ecosystem.
Ngamagama alula, ama-decomposers asiza ukugcina ibhalansi yemvelo ngokushintsha imfucuza ibe imisoco ewusizo yezitshalo, idale umjikelezo oqhubekayo osekela ukusinda kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene ku-ecosystem.
Iyini IWebhu Yokudla?
Izingosi zokudla zifana nesithombe esikhulu sokuthi ubani odlani endaweni ethile. Esikhundleni sokumane babonise umugqa olula osuka elangeni uye ezitshalweni uye ezilwaneni, zembula ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo endaweni zixhumene kanjani. Kucabange njengewebhu enkulu enezintambo eziningi - umucu ngamunye umele indlela ehlukile yezilwane ezithola ngayo ukudla kwazo.
Ngamagama alula, iwebhu yokudla iyinqwaba yamaketanga okudla axhunyiwe. Lamaketango asitshela ngobudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobo ezehlukene ku-a indawo ethile. Ngokubheka isizinda sokudla, ososayensi bangaqonda ukuthi izilwane nezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zithembele kwenye ukuze ziphile. Kufana nokubona indida eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphila emvelweni.
Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni sokucabanga ngemvelo njengomugqa oqondile, yifanekisele njengenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi lapho yonke into incike komunye nomunye. Amawebhu okudla asisiza ukuthi sibone ukuxhumana okumangalisayo phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane, okubonisa ukulinganisela okuthambile kokuphila ku-ecosystem yethu.
shiya impendulo