Ukwenziwa kwefilimu kuholwa ngumdidiyeli wefilimu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni. Banakekela ukuhlela, ukuhlela, ukukhetha abalingisi, ukuqondisa, ukuhlela, ukuphatha imali, ukukhangisa nokusabalalisa ifilimu.
Abakhiqizi bamafilimu baphatha yonke inqubo yokwenza amafilimu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayingxenye yenkampani ekhiqizayo noma basebenza bodwa. Abakhiqizi baseHollywood bangase bahlanganyele kuphrojekthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo kuya ekutholeni imiklomelo kuma-Oscars. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizochaza indima yomkhiqizi ekukhiqizweni kwefilimu, sikhulume ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zabakhiqizi bamafilimu, sinikeze izeluleko zokuba munye, futhi sigqamise abakhiqizi abambalwa abaziwayo.
Iqhaza Labadidiyeli Embonini Yamafilimu
Igama elithi “umdidiyeli” lingase lizwakale njengesikhundla sobuholi, kodwa izindima ezihlukene ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba, njengomdidiyeli omkhulu, umdidiyeli ohlangene, nomdidiyeli ohlangene, zingase kudideke kulabo abangajwayelene nemboni yefilimu. Lokhu kudideka kuvame ukuholela emibonweni eyiphutha mayelana nokuthi empeleni abakhiqizi benzani.
Abakhiqizi bafana nabaxazululi bezinkinga abahlukahlukene ababandakanyeka ekwengameleni ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqukethwe, okuhlanganisa amamuvi, izinhlelo ze-TV, uchungechunge lwe-inthanethi, noma izimakethe. Naphezu kokubamba iqhaza ezinqumweni zobuciko, abayona ingxenye yeqembu eliyinhloko lokudala noma ifilimu. Esikhundleni salokho, indima yabo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinsiza ezidingekayo, izinto zokuthutha, nengqalasizinda ikhona kuwo wonke umuntu ohilelekile. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemibono, ekubhalweni kwemibhalo, ekuxhaseni ngemali, ekutholeni ithalente, ezingxoxweni zenkontileka, nasekuhleleni.
Ngaphandle komsindo ogunyaziwe wesihloko esithi “umkhiqizi ophethe,” imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke ingase ingabi bukhazikhazi njengaleyo yabaqondisi abadumile noma abadlali. Nokho, ngaphakathi embonini, abakhiqizi bahlonishwa kakhulu njengoba bewumgogodla wefilimu. Baguqula imibono eyisiphithiphithi ibe imikhiqizo ehleleke kahle, ephumelelayo, nephucuziwe, esebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwemibono yobuciko nokwenza okungokoqobo. Nakuba bengase bangabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, iminikelo yabo ibalulekile empumelelweni yanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yefilimu.
Okwenziwa Umdidiyeli Wefilimu Kusukela Ekuqaleni Ukuze Aqede Uhambo Lokwenza Amafilimu
Abakhiqizi bamafilimu badlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokwenziwa kwefilimu, ukuletha umbono, ubuholi, nokulawula kuphrojekthi. Izibopho zabo zifinyelela ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene, ngasinye sidinga isethi yamakhono ahlukile.
Isigaba Sokuthuthukiswa:
Phakathi nesigaba sokuthuthukiswa, abakhiqizi benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Bahlakulela futhi bagcine ukuxhumana okubalulekile kwemboni, baphathe izinto zomthombo, bahlanganise ithimba labaqambi nomqondisi, uxhaso oluvikelekile, futhi baguqule iphrojekthi isuke emcabangweni nje iye efilimini noma umbukiso obambekayo.
Umkhiqizi onekhono ubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kumaphrojekthi amaningi phakathi nalesi sigaba, enza imiqondo yemibhalo, athole amalungelo, enze amaqembu, aphathe izimali, futhi aqondise yonke inqubo. Indima yomdidiyeli ihlanganisa ukulamula phakathi kweminyango eyahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uhlala ehambisana njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka.
Isigaba sangaphambi kokukhiqiza:
Njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubekela ekukhiqizweni kwangaphambili, ukugxila komkhiqizi kushintshela ekubhaliseni ithimba labaqambi, ukwenza ukulingisa okuyinhloko, ukwakha iphakethe le-pitch, nokuhlela izinto zokukhiqiza.
Lesi sigaba sidinga ukunwetshwa kwethimba lobuciko ukuze lifake abathwebuli bezithombe, abaklami, abapopayi, nabaculi. Umkhiqizi wengamela izingxoxo zenkontileka futhi ahlanganise iphakethe lokuheha abatshalizimali. Ukuhleleka okusebenzayo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezigabeni zakamuva.
Isigaba Sokukhiqiza:
Esigabeni sokukhiqiza, umkhiqizi wefilimu uphatha imisebenzi yansuku zonke, usekela umqondisi nethimba lokusungula, uqondise izinqumo zebhizinisi nezezimali, futhi ugunyaze ukuguqulwa kokuxazulula izinkinga.
Ngisho neshejuli elungiselelwe kahle kanye nesabelomali, ukuba khona komkhiqizi kubalulekile ekuqondiseni nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. Bazulazula ezindabeni zebhizinisi, zezimali, nezokusebenza kuyilapho besiza izici zokudala zephrojekthi.
Isigaba sangemuva kokukhiqiza:
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi basebenzisana nomqondisi kanye nethimba langemuva kokukhiqiza, ukwengamela ukuhlela, imiphumela ebonakalayo, nokudalwa kwengoma. Bangase bafune enye imali uma kudingeka futhi baphathe imizamo yokumaketha nokukhangisa. Lesi sigaba sibandakanya ukulungiselela ifilimu ukuthi ikhishwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela ukuhlola kuqala nokukhushulwa kwemidiya.
Isigaba sokukhishwa:
Ngisho nangemva kokuba ifilimu isiphelile, indima yomdidiyeli iyaqhubeka. Bagxilisa ukugxila kwabo ekukhangiseni ifilimu eqediwe, bahlele ukubonakala kwabalingisi kanye nokungenela kwefestiveli, baxhumanise ukusatshalaliswa kwezwe lonke nakwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuklama ikhalenda yokukhipha. Umdidiyeli wefilimu uqinisekisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza bayayibona imbuyiselo ekutshaleni kwabo imali futhi babambe iqhaza ngokukhuthele ekuthengiseni nasekukhuthazeni umkhiqizo wokugcina.
Funda futhi: Ungaba Kanjani Umdidiyeli Womculo Ngaphandle Kwesikole
Abakhiqizi Abahlukene Embonini Yezokuzijabulisa
Emhlabeni wezokuzijabulisa, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zabadidiyeli zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphiliseni amafilimu akho owathandayo nezinhlelo ze-TV.
Uma uhlola amakhredithi efilimu noma ubheka iphosta ye-movie, uzobona amagama amaningi afakwe ohlwini njengabadidiyeli. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifilimu enkulu yaseHollywood noma a Amahlaya we-TV eNew York, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabakhiqizi abathintekayo.
Ake sihlolisise lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zabakhiqizi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo eyingqayizivele abayiphethe.
1. Umdidiyeli Omkhulu
Umkhiqizi omkhulu ufana nomholi oyinhloko noma umhlahlandlela wabanye abakhiqizi abaphethe amaphrojekthi ahlukene, njengemidlalo ye-TV, amafilimu amancane azimele, or imikhiqizo emikhulu yesitudiyo. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iphrojekthi iqedwa ngesikhathi, ngaphakathi kwesabelomali esihleliwe, futhi ihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile.
Umsebenzi womkhiqizi ophezulu uhlanganisa imisebenzi efana nokuthola amalungelo ephrojekthi, ukunyusela imali, noma ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwezezimali ngokuqondile. Emikhiqizweni emincane yamafilimu, abakhiqizi abakhulu bangase babambe izindima ezihlukahlukene, njengokuba ngumdali, umbhali, noma umnikazi wento yokuqala. Yize bengaba nomthelela ezinqumweni ezibalulekile zobuciko, ukuzibandakanya kwabo kuvame ukudlulela ekwengameleni imikhiqizo eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Nasi isifinyezo somsebenzi womdidiyeli omkhulu:
- Qondisa futhi uqondise abanye abakhiqizi.
- Qondanisa umbono nezinhloso zephrojekthi.
- Phatha ukuqashwa kwamathalenta.
- Bheka isabelomali, imigqa yesikhathi, namazinga ekhwalithi.
2. Umdidiyeli womugqa
Umdidiyeli Womugqa udlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni amamuvi noma izinhlelo. Cabanga ngomugqa ohlukanisayo ohlukanisa abaphathi abakhulu abenza izinqumo ezibalulekile kubantu abangokoqobo abaphatha imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Umdidiyeli Womugqa isebenza ngasohlangothini olungokoqobo, iphethe izinto ezifana nokuhlelwa kwesabelomali nokubhekisisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimali.
Emikhiqizweni emincane, Umdidiyeli Womugqa angase enze imisebenzi efanayo njengoMdidiyeli Ojwayelekile. Kodwa ezimisweni ezinkudlwana, kuvame ukuba nomunye umuntu obizwa ngokuthi I-Unit Production Manager (UPM) osebenza nazo zonke izinto ezisebenzayo. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi nakuba Umdidiyeli Womugqa engase abe nezwi ekukhetheni kokudala, i-UPM igxila ngokuqinile ekuhlelekeni, ilandela imiyalelo yoMdidiyeli Womugqa.
Nasi isifinyezo esisheshayo salokho okwenziwa ngumdidiyeli womugqa:
- Isiza i-EP (Umkhiqizi Ophethe)
- Ilawula i-UPM kanye nezingxenye ezisebenzayo zokukhiqiza
- Inakekela isabelomali nezikhathi
- Isebenza ne-EP ukuthola nokuqasha abantu abanamakhono.
3. Umdidiyeli Ongamele
Umdidiyeli Ophethe, owaziwa nangokuthi umkhiqizi othuthukayo, ungumuntu obalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iphrojekthi iba ngokoqobo. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukubheka ukuthi iphrojekthi idala kanjani, iqala embonweni oyisisekelo futhi iwuguqule ibe umbhalo obhaliwe ongasetshenziselwa ukuqopha. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni iskripthi ukuze sisebenze ekuthwebuleni.
Nakuba umkhiqizi omkhulu engase asingathe eminye yale misebenzi, umdidiyeli ogadile ngokuvamile usiza umkhiqizi omkhulu. Lolu sizo lungabandakanya ukuhola ukuthuthukiswa kobuciko bombhalo noma ukugada abanye abakhiqizi abasebenza kuphrojekthi.
Nakhu okubandakanya umsebenzi:
- Siza iphrojekthi isuke embonweni wokuqala iye embhalweni obhaliwe.
- Buka futhi uqondise inqubo yokudala.
- Sekela umkhiqizi omkhulu.
- Phatha futhi uqondise abanye abakhiqizi ababambe iqhaza kuphrojekthi.
4. Umkhiqizi
Umdidiyeli umuntu ophethe ukwenza izinto ezifana namamuvi noma izinhlelo ze-TV. Benza imisebenzi eminingi eyahlukene ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthola abantu abawufanele umsebenzi, ukusebenza namaqembu ahlakaniphile, ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izinto zenziwa ngesikhathi, ukukhuluma nabantu ababalulekile, nokunakekela imali.
Kumabonakude, umdidiyeli angaba nemisebenzi eyahlukene. Bangase futhi babe umbhali noma umbhali oyinhloko, obizwa ngokuthi umkhiqizi omkhulu. Abanye abantu babiza abakhiqizi be-TV ngokuthi “abagijimi” ngenxa yokuthi benza izinto eziningi, njengokuqondisa, ukukhiqiza, nokubhala.
Nalu uhlu lwezinto ezenziwa umdidiyeli we-TV:
- Ukucabanga ngemibono, ukubhala imibhalo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo wokugcina muhle
- Ukuthola imali nokuphatha isabelomali
- Kufunwa abantu abanekhono bese kukhethwa abazolingisa embukisweni
- Ukuhola nokutshela amalungu eqembu nabanye abakhiqizi ukuthi benzeni.
Funda futhi: Uyini Umnyango Wezobuciko Futhi Wenzani?
5. Co-Producer
Umdidiyeli ngokubambisana ngumuntu osebenza nomunye umdidiyeli noma iqembu labakhiqizi. Basiza ukwabelana ngezibopho zomkhiqizi ophezulu (EP). Igama elithi “co-producer” lingaphinda libhekisele kumuntu obambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuxhaseni ngezimali noma ekwenzeni iphrojekthi yenzeke.
Ngokusebenzisana nabanye abakhiqizi, abadidiyeli abasebenzisana nabo bahola iphrojekthi kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile zibekwe “ngenhla komugqa,” okusho ukuthi aziyiphathi ngokuqondile imisebenzi yokukhiqiza (njengomkhiqizi womugqa), kuyilapho ithimba lefilimu linakekela imisebenzi “ngezansi komugqa.”
Umsebenzi womdidiyeli uhlanganisa:
- Ukweseka umkhiqizi omkhulu.
- Ukwengamela izingxenye ezahlukene zephrojekthi.
- Ukwengamela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza noma ukusebenza eduze nabanye abakhiqizi.
- Ukwenza iminikelo ebalulekile kuphrojekthi, kungaba ngezimali, ubudlelwano, amathuluzi, amasevisi, noma ezinye izimpahla ezibalulekile.
6. Umdidiyeli Wokudidiyela
Umdidiyeli Odidiyelayo ufana nomphathi wabaphathi. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi abakhiqizi abahlukene, ngamunye ozisebenzela engxenyeni yakhe yefilimu, bonke basebenza ndawonye ngokushelela. Zicabange njengomqhubi we-orchestra, uqiniseke ukuthi wonke umuntu udlala ngokuvumelana. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukugcina wonke umuntu egxile emgomweni ofanayo futhi aqhubekele phambili ndawonye.
Nakhu okwenziwa nguMdidiyeli Ohlanganisayo:
- Iqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abakhiqizi basebenza ngokubambisana.
- Isiza futhi yeseke bonke abakhiqizi noma amaqembu asebenza kuphrojekthi.
- Ibheka ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza ihamba kanjani.
- Iqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into ihlangana kahle ekugcineni ekukhiqizeni.
7. Ahlanganise Umdidiyeli
I-Associate Producer, noma i-AP kafushane, ifana nomsizi womkhiqizi oyinhloko, ngokuvamile umkhiqizi omkhulu. Benza umsebenzi omningi obalulekile ngemuva kwezigcawu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Igama elithi "ngezansi komugqa" lisho ukuthi babambe iqhaza ngempela ezingxenyeni ezingokoqobo zokwenza umbukiso noma imuvi. Lokhu kubandakanya izinto ezinjengokunakekela abasebenzi, ukuthola izindawo ezinhle, ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amasethi akhiwe ngendlela efanele, nokusiza ngesikripthi.
Kwesinye isikhathi, othile uthola isihloko somkhiqizi ohlangene ngenxa yokuthi wenze umnikelo omkhulu kuphrojekthi. Umsebenzi oqondile we-AP ungahluka kancane kuye ngesivumelwano kanye nephrojekthi ngokwayo.
Nakhu ukubuka konke okusheshayo kokuthi Umdidiyeli Ohlanganisayo angayenza:
- Thola usizo ngemisebenzi yokukhiqiza ebonakalayo.
- Ku-TV, siza ngokukhetha amashothi, ukulungisa iskripthi, nokulolonga okuqukethwe.
- Faka isandla ekukhiqizweni sekukonke.
- Yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene njengoba kudingeka.
8. Umdidiyeli Wokubonisana
Umdidiyeli Olulekayo umuntu osiza ngokwenza izinhlelo ze-TV. Basebenzisa ulwazi lwabo nolwazi lwabo ukuze banikeze izeluleko ezinhle nokusekela. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo muntu wake wasebenza njengomdidiyeli noma umphathi ngaphambili, futhi manje sebesiza abakhiqizi be-TV nababhali ngolwazi lwabo.
Umdidiyeli Wokubonisana wenza umsebenzi ofana nombhali onekhono. Bangaphakamisa izinguquko kusikripthi noma banikeze imibono yalokho okufanele umsingathi akusho ngesikhathi se-TV ebukhoma. Baphinde baqinisekise ukuthi yonke into ekuphrojekthi iyikhwalithi enhle futhi ihlala injalo yonke indawo.
Nakhu okwenziwa nguMdidiyeli Wokubonisana:
- Yabelana ngezeluleko nosizo ngokusekelwe kulokho abakwenzile ngaphambilini.
- Nikeza imibono nosizo ngokubhala imibhalo yokuthwebula.
- Sekela inqubo yokwenza uhlelo lwe-TV.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lwe-TV lugcina umuzwa walo okhethekile nesitayela.
9. Umkhiqizi Wengxenye
Umdidiyeli wengxenye umuntu osebenza ku-TV, ngokuvamile ezinhlelweni ezifana nezinhlelo zangempela, izinhlelo zezingxoxo, noma ukusakazwa kwasebusuku kakhulu ngezingxenye ezahlukene. Banakekela ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ethile yombukiso yenziwa kahle.
Nakhu abakwenzayo:
- Baphatha ukwenziwa kwezingxenye ezithile zombukiso omkhulu.
- Basebenza ndawonye nabanye abakhiqizi noma babaqondise uma kunesidingo.
- Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi ikhwalithi yinhle nokuthi zonke izingxenye zombukiso ziyahambisana.
- Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi izingxenye ezahlukene zombukiso zihlangana kahle.
10. Umkhiqizi wasensimini
Umkhiqizi wasensimini umuntu osebenza kude nestudiyo noma indawo yokuthwebula yasendlini, enakekela imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene endaweni. Baphatha ukukhiqizwa kwezigcawu zamamuvi noma izingxenye ezithile zezinhlelo ze-TV, baqinisekise ukuthi yonke into ihamba kahle. Umkhiqizi wasensimini usebenza eduze nomkhiqizi ophezulu ngenkathi esendaweni futhi unesibopho sokwengamela izici ezihlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza ngaphandle.
Umsebenzi uhilela ukuphatha imisebenzi ehlobene nokuqoshwa kwendawo, ukuqondisa izingxenye ezishuthwa ngaphandle kwendawo evamile yesitudiyo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yokukhiqiza ensimini yinhle kakhulu. Ngamagama alula, umdidiyeli wenkundla udlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izigcawu eziqoshwe ngaphandle noma ezindaweni ezithile zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziphezulu. Bafana nabaholi abasemhlabeni bokukhiqiza, benza isiqiniseko sokuthi konke kwenzeka njengoba kufanele kumamuvi nezinhlelo ze-TV.
shiya impendulo