Imali yeFiat ngokusisiseko yimali eyenziwa ngurhulumente kwaye ayixhase. Iquka imali engundoqo urhulumente akhuphayo, njengedola okanye i-euro. Kwakhona, nayiphi na imali eyenziwa ziibhanki zorhwebo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ithathwa njengemali ye-fiat. Ngoko ke, ukuba urhulumente uzisa imali entsha okanye ukuba iibhanki zikhupha imali yazo, iwela kudidi lwemali ye-fiat.
Olu hlobo lwemali alunaxabiso lemvelo njengegolide okanye isilivere; endaweni yoko, ixabiso layo lisekelwe kwintembeko nentembelo abantu abanayo kurhulumente okanye kwinkqubo yezemali.
Ngamagama alula, xa usebenzisa imali yephepha okanye iingqekembe ezinikezelwa ngurhulumente okanye iibhanki, usebenzisa imali ye-fiat. Luhlobo lwemali esiqhele ukuyisebenzisa yonke imihla ukuthenga izinto kunye nokwenza iintengiselwano, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ixabiso layo lixhumene nokuzinza nokuthembeka kukarhulumente okanye amaziko emali.
Yintoni iFiat Currency?
Imali ye-Fiat luhlobo lwemali engenalo naliphi na ixabiso lomzimba njengegolide okanye isilivere. Kunoko, ifumana ixabiso layo ngenxa yokuba urhulumente uyayixhasa yaye uyayilawula. Imizekelo yemali ye-fiat ibandakanya iidola zase-US, i-euro, kunye neeponti zaseBritani.
Kukho olunye uhlobo lwemali olubizwa ngokuba yimali yorhwebo, okanye imali yommeli. Kule nkqubo, ixabiso lemali lidityaniswa nento ebonakalayo, njengegolide. Ngokomzekelo, umgangatho wegolide udibanisa inani legolide elikhoyo kwixabiso ledola. Ukuba kukho igolide eninzi, ixabiso ledola linganyuka.
Ngoko, ngamagama alula, imali ye-fiat yimali athi urhulumente uxabisekile, ngelixa imali yempahla ixhaswa yinto yokwenene, njengegolide. Imali esiyisebenzisa yonke imihla, njengeedola neeeuro, idla ngokuba yimali yefiat.
Funda kwakhona: Imizekelo eli-10 yeNkunzi yezoQoqosho
Imbali yeMali yeFiat e-US
Idola yaseMelika luhlobo oluthile lwemali. Ibizwa ngokuba "yimali yefiat" kwaye ikwabizwa ngokuba "yithenda esemthethweni," okuthetha ukuba yamkelwe ukuhlawula zonke iintlobo zamatyala. Ithenda esemthethweni yimali athi urhulumente ayisebenzise kakuhle.
Ngaphambili, imali yase-US yayidityaniswe negolide (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isilivere). Kodwa izinto zatshintsha ngowe-1933 xa urhulumente wenza umthetho owawubizwa ngokuba yiEmergency Banking Act. Emva koko, abantu babengakwazi ukurhweba ngemali yabo ngegolide karhulumente. Umgangatho wegolide, owawuthetha ukuba igolide karhulumente yayiyixhasa le mali, yaphela ngowe-1971 xa iU.S. yayeka ukunika igolide kwamanye amazwe ngemali yaseU.S.
Ngoku, iidola zaseMelika azinanxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kwigolide okanye isilivere. Kunoko, baxhomekeke “kukholo olupheleleyo nozuko” lwebandla Urhulumente wase-US. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu bayamthemba urhulumente ukuba uyayixhasa le mali. Iidola zaseMelika zisemthethweni ukuhlawula zonke iintlobo zamatyala, zombini kunye nabucala. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo nangaphambili, awukwazi ukutshintshiselana ngegolide okanye isilivere kwi-United States Treasury okanye kwi-Federal Reserve Bank. Ke, “zizithenda ezisemthethweni” ngoku, hayi “imali esemthethweni” onokuthi uyitshintshe ngeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.
Imizekelo yeMali yeFiat
Imali ye-Fiat ibandakanya iimali ezifana nedola yaseMelika, i-euro, iponti yaseBritane, yen yaseJapan kunye ne-Indian rupee. Ezi zinto azixhaswanga zizinto eziphathekayo kodwa zixhomekeke ekuthembekeni kurhulumente okhuphayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imali ye-fiat inikezela ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kukho okungafaniyo. IZimbabwe, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, yayijongene nemiba enzima yezoqoqosho. Ukujongana noku, ibhanki ephakathi iprinte imali ngokugqithisileyo, ekhokelela kwi-hyperinflation.
Ngeli xesha lobunzima, Imali yaseZimbabwe ilahlekelwe yi-99.9% yexabiso layo. Amaxabiso enyuka, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abathengi baphathe iingxowa zemali ukuze bathenge izinto ezisisiseko. Kuthe kusenjalo kwanyanzeleka ukuba urhulumente azise ikhulu leebhiliyoni zeedola zaseZimbabwe. Ekugqibeleni, iimali zamazwe angaphandle ziye zafumana ukwamkelwa ngakumbi kunedola yaseZimbabwe ehlayo. Lo mzekelo usebenza njengebali lokulumkisa, ubonisa imigibe enokubakho kwiinkqubo zemali zefiat ezingalawulwayo.
Ixabiso leFiat Imali echazwe
Imali ye-Fiat izuza ixabiso layo kungekhona ekubeni ibotshelelwe kwizinto eziphathekayo njengegolide okanye isilivere, kodwa kunoko kwintembeko kunye nokuzithemba abantu abanalo kurhulumente okhuphayo. Esinye isizathu esibalulekileyo sexabiso layo yimfuno karhulumente yokuba irhafu kufuneka ihlawulwe kusetyenziswa imali ethile ye-fiat eyikhuphayo. Lo mgaqo, owaziwa ngokuba chartalism, iqinisekisa ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwemali ye-fiat, njengoko abantu ngabanye benyanzelekile ukuba bayisebenzise kwiintlawulo zerhafu ukuze bagweme izohlwayo okanye ukuvalelwa entolongweni.
Ngokungafaniyo nemali esekwe kwimpahla, njengeengqekembe zegolide okanye iibhilikhwe ezihlawulelwa kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ixabiso lemali ye-fiat livela kuphela kwinkolelo yokuba urhulumente uyayixhasa ithembekile. Igunya likarhulumente kunye nemfuneko esemthethweni yokuhlawula izibophelelo zerhafu ngemali ye-fiat yenza imfuno engaguqukiyo kuyo, ikhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwayo kwiintengiselwano ezahlukeneyo.
Iithiyori ezizezinye, njenge theory yekhredithi, ziphakamisa ukuba yonke imali ibandakanya ubudlelwane betyala-mboleko. Nangona kunjalo, isiphakamiso sexabiso elikhethekileyo lemali ye-fiat silele ekudibaniseni negunya likarhulumente, ukuqinisa ukubaluleka kwayo kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho yemihla ngemihla. Ngokwenyani, ixabiso lemali ye-fiat linxulunyaniswa ngokuntsonkothileyo kwintembeko abantu abayibeka kurhulumente oyikhuphayo kunye nemfuneko ebonakalayo yokuyisebenzisa ukuzalisekisa izibophelelo zerhafu.
Funda kwakhona: I-15 yeeBhanki zeSizwe eziBalaseleyo eMelika
Umahluko phakathi kweMali yeFiat kunye neCryptocurrency
Imali ye-Fiat kunye ne-cryptocurrency ziintlobo ezimbini zemali, kodwa zisebenza ngokwahlukileyo. Imali eqhelekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba yimali ye-fiat, ixhaswa ngurhulumente okanye igunya elikhuphayo. Kwelinye icala, ii-cryptocurrencies ezifana neBitcoin zisebenza kwi-decentralized system ebizwa ngokuba yi-blockchain, engenagunya eliphakathi.
Umahluko ophambili ulele ekubeni ngubani ophetheyo. Imali ye-Fiat inorhulumente okanye umkhuphi emva kwayo, eqinisekisa ixabiso layo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-cryptocurrencies zixhomekeke kuluntu lwabasebenzisi ukumisela ixabiso labo. Le mpembelelo yoluntu ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinga lotshintshiselwano lwe-cryptocurrencies kwaye inokukhokelela ekunyuseni okanye ukuhla kwexabiso labo, ingcamango eyaziwa ngokuba yi-deflation okanye inflation.
Ke, ngelixa imali eqhelekileyo ilawulwa kwaye iqinisekiswa ligunya eliphakathi, ii-cryptocurrencies zifana ne-asethi yedijithali eqhutywa luluntu. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kusinceda siqonde iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezi ntlobo zimbini zeenkqubo zemali.
Shiya iMpendulo