Iimbongi zisebenzisa izicengcelezo ezininzi kwimibongo yazo, njengezicengcelezo ezingaphakathi kwemigca, phantse izicengcelezo, izicengcelezo ezibubufana, kunye nezicengcelezo ezichanekileyo. Baza neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza amagama avakale ngokufanayo. Enye indlela abakwenza ngayo oku kukulandela ipateni apho izandi ezithile ziphinda-phinda ekupheleni kwemigca. Le pateni yezandi ibizwa ngokuba sisikimu semvano-siphelo.
Kukho iqela leentlobo zemvano-siphelo phaya: ezinye izicengcelezo zivakala zifana kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zifana ncam. Iimbongi ziyayila ngezikhamiso okanye iiconsonants ezihambelana ekupheleni kwemigca. Kufana nokudala ikhowudi eyimfihlo yezandi ezifanayo ezenza ukuba inkondlo ibonakale idibene kunye nomculo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umgca omnye uphela ngegama elivakala ngathi “ikati,” umgca olandelayo usenokuphela ngegama elivakala ngathi “ilulwane.”
Izicwangciso zemvano-siphelo zifana neeplani ezibonisa ukuba yeyiphi imigca kumbongo efanele ukuba nezandi ezihambelanayo. Zinceda iimbongi zilungelelanise amagama azo kwaye zinike isingqisho kumbongo. Kufana nemephu yendlela ekhokela izandi zamagama kumbongo, ikwenza kube nomtsalane kwaye kumnandi ukufunda ngokuvakalayo.
Yintoni i-Rhyme Schemes kwimibongo
Kwimibongo, inkqubo yemvano-siphelo ifana nengoma yomculo ephinda-phinda ekupheleni kwemigca okanye izitanza. Yipatheni yezandi ezisetyenziswa ziimbongi ukwenza isingqisho kunye noncuthu lwengoma kwiivesi zazo. Ezi zicwangciso zinokwahluka, ukusuka kumgca ukuya kumgca okanye isitanza ukuya kwistanza, okanye zinokuhlala zingaguquguquki kuwo wonke umbongo.
Izikimu zemvano-siphelo zidla ngokufumaneka kwivesi esesikweni, ethi ibambelele kwimitha engqongqo – ipateni ethile yeesilabhili ezigxininisiweyo nezingagxininisiweyo ezigcina umbongo uhamba kakuhle. Ezi nkqubo zimelwe ngoonobumba bealfabhethi, unobumba ngamnye obonisa ipateni ethile yesandi. Umzekelo, ukuba umbongo ulandela inkqubo yemvano-siphelo ye-ABAB, uthetha umgca wokuqala nowesithathu imvano-siphelo (ochazwa ngu-“A”), nomgca wesibini nowesine ube nemvano-siphelo (echazwa ngu-“B”).
Le pateni yoonobumba isinceda sibe nomfanekiso ngqondweni wendlela izandi ezinxibelelana ngayo kuwo wonke umbongo. Kufana nekhowudi eyimfihlo ebonisa ukuba yeyiphi imigca eyabelana ngezandi ezifanayo. Ukuqonda iziqendu zemvano-siphelo kunokulwenza nzulu uxabiso lwethu ngomculo nendlela eyakhiwe ngayo imibongo, nto leyo esivumela ukuba sityhile ubuhle obulukiweyo kwiindinyana zayo.
Funda kwakhona: 85 Izifaniso Imizekelo
8 Izicwangciso zeRhyme kwimibongo
Imibongo ayisoloko ifuna ukunamathela kwimithetho efanayo yokwenza imvano-zandi. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza iipateni usebenzisa izicengcelezo ezahlukeneyo kumbongo. Eminye imibongo inemigaqo ethile yemvano-siphelo kunye nenani lemigca ekufuneka ibenayo.
Omnye umzekelo yisonnet kaShakespearean. Luhlobo lombongo olunemigca eli-14 eyahlulwe yazistanza ezithathu ezinemigca emine kwisitanza ngasinye, silandelwa sisitanza sokugqibela esinemigca emibini. Kwisonnet kaShakespeare, iskim semvano-siphelo silandela i-ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. Le pateni yiyo eyenza i-sonnet kaShakespearean yodwa.
Ngaphandle kwesonnet kaShakespearean, zininzi ezinye izikimu zesicengcelezo eziqhelekileyo kwisihobe. Ezinye zazo ziquka:
1. Enye iRyme
Kuhlobo lwemvano-siphelo ebizwa ngokuba yimvano-siphelo, umgca wokuqala nowesithathu unemvano-siphelo, nomgca wesibini nowesine unemvano-siphelo. Oku kulandela ipateni: umgca wokuqala nowesithathu unemvano-siphelo (masiyibize loo nto A), kwaye umgca wesibini nowesine unemvano-siphelo enesandi esahlukileyo (masiyibize loo nto B). Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yemvano-siphelo luxhaphakile kwimibongo enemigca emine kwiqela ngalinye.
Ngokomzekelo, ngaphakathi Umbongo kaHenry Wadsworth Longfellow "INdumiso yoBomi," kukho inxalenye ehamba ngolu hlobo:
"Musa ukuthi ubomi yingoma nje ebuhlungu, / Okanye iphupha elingenanto siphupha ixesha elide! / Umphefumlo oleleyo ufana nengcwaba, / Izinto azisoloko ziyiloo nto zithungayo.”
Olu hlobo lwemvano-siphelo lunceda ukucwangcisa ubume bombongo kwaye lunokongeza impompo yomculo kumagama. Kufana nokwenza ipateni yezandi eziphinda-phinda ngokulandelelana kwazo kuwo wonke umbongo, ziwenza uvakale unesingqisho kwaye ulungelelane. ULongfellow wasebenzisa obu buchule kumbongo wakhe ukudlulisa umyalezo ongentsingiselo yobomi nokubaluleka kokuhlala uthe qwa kwaye ukhuthele kunokusuka nje ukhukuliswe ebomini.
2. I-Ballade
Ibhaladi luhlobo lombongo olunepateni ethile yezicengcelezo: ABABBCBC. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inestanza ezithathu, ngasinye sinemigca esibhozo, kwaye iphela ngestanza esinemigca emine. Kwistanza ngasinye, umgca wokugqibela uyaphindwa, obizwa ngokuba yi-refrain.
Enye i-ballade edumileyo yi Andrew Lang's "iBallade ye-Optimist.” Kulo mbongo, uLang uthetha ngendlela ngamanye amaxesha, kwimini eshushu yasehlotyeni, abantu ababalekayo kwiingxaki zabo kunye neengxaki. Bahambahamba ecaleni komlanjana ozolileyo. Ngeli xesha, bayalibala malunga nobunzima bokuguga kunye nemithwalo ebangela ingozi. Kunoko, bazintywilisela kubuhle bendalo, beziva banelisekile.
ULang uchaza ukungqongwa zizityalo ezinjengomtshayelo osendulini, ukufumana intuthuzelo novuyo kubulula bobomi. Isigidimi esidluliselwayo sesokuba ngezo zihlandlo, abantu bakhetha ukuphila ubomi, namahla ndinyuka abo, kunokuba bangabuva kwaphela.
Olu hlobo lombongo, olunesakhiwo esiphindaphindayo kunye neentetho ezisuka entliziyweni, lubamba ingcamango yokuba phakathi kwemiceli mngeni yobomi, kukho amaxesha okuzola nolonwabo olufanele ukuxatyiswa.
Funda kwakhona: 59 Izikweko Imizekelo
3. Imvano-siphelo eDityanisiweyo
Imvano-siphelo edityanisiweyo kuxa imigca emibini kumbongo inemvano-siphelo kunye. Kufana nemigca emibini apho amagama okugqibela avakala ngokufanayo, njengokuthi “bona” kunye “nawe” kwi. ISonethi kaShakespeare 18. Olu hlobo lwemvano-siphelo ludla ngokuza kwipatheni, apho imigca emibini inemvano-siphelo kunye nomnye, ilandelwa yeminye imigca emibini enemvano-siphelo kunye nomnye. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-AA BB CC okanye uhlobo olufanayo lwepateni enemvano-siphelo.
UShakespeare, imbongi edumileyo, wasebenzisa olu hlobo lwemvano-siphelo kwiisonethi zakhe. Xa ufunda imibongo yakhe, uya kuqaphela ukuba ezinye ziphela ngemigca emibini enemvano-siphelo, njengomzekelo ovela kuSonethi 18. Kuloo sonnet, imigca emibini yokugqibela idala i-couplet enemvano-siphelo, inika ingqiqo yokugqitywa okanye ingcinga yokugqibela umbongo. Abantu basazonwabela izicengcelezo zikaShakespeare namhlanje kuba benza ukuba imibongo ivakale njengomculo kwaye iphelele. Kufana nephazili encinci apho amagama aphela adibana khona kwaye enze umbongo uzive ugqityiwe.
4. I-Monorhyme
Imonorha kuxa umgca ngamnye kwistanza okanye umbongo uphela unemvano-siphelo efanayo. Thatha Umbongo kaWilliam Blake othi “Thula, Ubusuku Obuthule” njengomzekelo. Kulo mbongo, umgca ngamnye uphela ngamagama anemvano-siphelo “nobusuku.”
Kwimbongo kaBlake, uthetha malunga nokuba ubusuku obuzolileyo bufanele bukhuphe izibane zabo ezikhanyayo. Ukhankanya indlela emini, imimoya emininzi ebhadulayo kwaye ikhohlise amaxesha olonwabo. UBlake uyabuza ukuba kutheni ulonwabo ludla ngokuza nenkohliso okanye luxutywe nosizi.
Ucebisa ukuba uvuyo lokwenene luyazitshabalalisa xa luxutywe nenkangeleko yobuxoki, luthelekisa ne coy okanye umfazi ofihlakeleyo. Ngokusisiseko, ucamngca ngohlobo lovuyo, ukunyaniseka, nendlela olunokupheliswa ngayo.
Olu hlobo lwemo yombongo, olunemvano-siphelo ephindaphindiweyo, lunokwenza isingqisho esinamandla kwaye lugxininise iingcamango okanye iimvakalelo ezithile. Ukusetyenziswa kukaBlake kwe-monorhyme kwi-"Silent, Night Night" inceda ukuhambisa ubunzulu beengcamango zakhe malunga nobunzima bovuyo kunye nokunyaniseka kwayo.
5. Imvano-siphelo Evalelweyo
I-Sonnet VII, ebhalwe nguJohn Milton, ilandela inkqubo ethile yemvano-siphelo ebizwa ngokuba "yimvano-siphelo." Le pateni, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ABBA, ibandakanya umgca wokuqala nowesine onemvano-siphelo kunye nomgca wesibini nowesithathu onemvano-siphelo kunye. Kwesi sakhiwo, i-A-lines ivala i-B-lines.
Kule sonnet, uMilton ucinga ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokukhawuleza kunye nendlela eliye lathatha ngayo iminyaka yakhe yamashumi amabini anesithathu yobomi. Uyayibona indlela imihla yakhe ekhawuleza ngayo, ihambela phambili ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngaphandle kwesi santya, ukhala ngelithi inqanaba lakhe langoku ebomini, elifana nentlakohlaza yasemva kwexesha, alibonisi zimpawu zokuhluma okanye ukudumba. Kukho imvakalelo yokulahleka okanye ukusilela ekukhuleni kunye nokushukuma okuhambelana nelo nqanaba.
Ukucamngca kukaMilton ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nefuthe layo ekuqhubeleni phambili kobomi bakhe kubangela imvakalelo yolutsha olukhawulezayo kunye nokungabikho kophuhliso olulindelekileyo kwinqanaba lakhe langoku. Ukusetyenziswa kweskim semvano-siphelo esivalelweyo kule sonethi kugxininisa ezi mvakalelo ngokwakha imigca yombongo ngendlela ethile, elukwe nkqi ephinda imixholo yokuhamba kwexesha kunye nolindelo olungafezekiswanga.
6. Isicengcelezo esiLula seMigca emine
Kulo mbongo umfutshane wombongo kaSamuel Taylor Coleridge omde othi "IRime of the Ancient Mariner," sidibana nomatiloshe wakudala, uMatiloshe. Umisa umntu odlulayo aze abuze isizathu sokuba anqunyanyiswe, ephawula iindevu ezingwevu zaloo mntu namehlo akhe abengezelayo.
Lo mbongo yinxalenye yomsebenzi omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yi-“Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” obalisa ibali ngezicengcelezo. Imalunga nomatiloshe oye wajongana namava angaqhelekanga nawothusayo elwandle kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba abelane ngebali lakhe nabanye.
Ukusetyenziswa kweskim semvano-siphelo i-ABCB ithetha ukuba umqolo ngamnye wesibini nowesine kwistanza ngasinye uya kuvanozandiso kunye nomnye, udala isingqisho kuwo wonke umbongo. Esi sicatshulwa sibeka imeko ngokuzisa uMatiloshe ongaqondakaliyo, evusa umdla ngeenjongo zakhe kunye nebali aza kulibalisa.
7. Isithathu
I-“triplet” ibhekisa kwiqela elikhethekileyo lemigca emithathu ngaphakathi kombongo. Le migca ibizwa ngokuba “yi-tercet,” kwaye inento entle abafana ngayo: yonke iphela ngamagama anemvano-siphelo.
Umzekelo, kumbongo kaWilliam Shakespeare othi "IPhoenix kunye noFudo," usebenzisa i-triplet ukuthetha into enzulu. Uyabhala, "Inyaniso isenokubonakala, kodwa ayinakuba njalo, / Ubuhle buqhayisa, kodwa 'ayinguye, / Inyaniso kunye nobuhle bungcwatywe."
Oku kuthetha ukuba igama lokugqibela kumgca ngamnye kule mithathu—njengathi “yiba,” “yiba,” “yiba,” nelithi “yiba”—avakala ngokufanayo. Kufana nekhowudi eyimfihlo yokwenza isihobe sivakale kamnandi kwaye siqhagamshelene.
Kwimbongo kaShakespeare, uthetha ngeengcamango ezinkulu, esithi inyaniso kunye nobuhle akusoloko kubonakala ngathi, kwaye ngandlela-thile zifihliweyo okanye zilahlekile. Yinto engaqondakaliyo kwaye ikwenza ucinge ngezinto ezinzulu xa uyifunda. Ii-triplets, njengalezo zisetyenziswe nguShakespeare, zongeza umgangatho womculo kumbongo ngelixa ugxininisa ingcamango okanye imvakalelo ethile.
8. Terza rima
I-Terza rima luhlobo lwemibongo yaseTaliyane. Yenziwe ngamaqela emigca emithathu. Ngolu hlobo, umgca wesibini weqela ngalinye wenza imvano-zandi kunye nomgca wokuqala nowokugqibela weqela elilandelayo. Umbongo uphela ngecandelo elinemigca emibini apho umgca wokugqibela unesicengcelezo nomgca ophakathi weqela lesibini ukuya kowokugqibela. Olu hlobo lulandela ipateni: ABA BCB CDC DED EE.
Omnye umzekelo odumileyo nguPercy Shelley othi “Ode to the West Wind.” Kulo mbongo, uShelley uthetha ngamandla amakhulu omoya wasekwindla. Uyichaza njengomoya otyhala amagqabi afileyo okweziporho ezibaleka igqirha. Umoya uthwala imbewu iyise kwindawo yayo yokuphumla ebusika, apho ilinda de kufike intwasahlobo. Xa kufika intwasahlobo, ibuyisela ubomi emhlabeni inamathupha amibalabala nevumba elimnandi.
UShelley wenza umoya ube ngumntu njengomoya wasendle otshabalalisayo kunye nomlondolozi. Ucela la mandla ukuba aphulaphule isicelo sakhe. Umbongo ubonakalisa ubume obumbini bomoya, ukukwazi kwawo ukuzisa zombini intshabalalo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwihlabathi.
ukungxama kwetonela uthi
Ulusu lwam lubi kakhulu mva nje. Unethamsanqa ke ukubona inqaku lakho.
UBassey James uthi
Wamkelekile. Siyakuvuyela ukuba luncedo