Zeziphi iilwimi ezithethwa eJamani? Ulwimi olusemthethweni lwaseJamani sisiJamani esiqhelekileyo, kwaye lolona lwimi lusetyenziswa kakhulu kulo lonke ilizwe.
Ngokutsho kweBritannica.com, imbali erekhodiweyo yolwimi lwesiJamani ibuyele emva kwinkulungwane yoku-1 BCE. Ulwimi lolweqela laseNtshona German yosapho lweelwimi zaseIndo-European.
Malunga nezigidi ezingama-95 zabantu abathetha iilwimi zomthonyama kunye nezigidi ezingama-85 ezongezelelekileyo ezingezizo ezomthonyama kwihlabathi jikelele, isiJamani sikwindawo yesithathu ngolona lwimi luthethwayo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngaphandle Imida yaseJamani, lulwimi olusemthethweni lwaseOstriya, nolunye lweelwimi ezisemthethweni eSwitzerland, eLuxembourg, eBelgium, naseLichtenstein.
Ngelixa isiJamani esiqhelekileyo siqhele ukusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano olubhaliweyo ngenxa yokufakwa kwaso kwikharityhulam yesikolo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba, ulwimi oluthethwayo luhlala luhluka kwiingingqi. Indawo nganye eJamani inesiyelelane sayo, nto leyo ekhokelela abantu ukuba bancokole besebenzisa iilwimi zabo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukwahluka koLwimi lwaseJamani
Ngoku ka Wikipedia, abantu abamalunga ne-100 lezigidi bathetha isiJamani njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala, yaye abanye abazizigidi ezingama-30 basithetha njengolwimi lwesibini. Uninzi lwabaphambukeli beza eJamani kuba luqoqosho olomeleleyo, kwaye bahlala befunda isiJamani. Naphakathi kwamaJamani, i-67% ithetha ulwimi lwasemzini, kwaye i-27% ithetha ezimbini.
IJamani yindawo yeenkcubeko ezininzi enabantu abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, ziziphi ezinye iilwimi ezithethwa eJamani?
Iilwimi ezine eziphezulu ezithethwa eJamani
IJamani yindawo ekhuselekileyo nelungileyo yokuhlala ngenxa yoqoqosho oluqinileyo. Abantu abavela eYurophu, eAsiya, eAfrika naseMerika bafudukela eJamani ngenxa yomsebenzi, ukuphila, nokufunda ulwimi nenkcubeko.
Ngenxa yoko, izixeko ezikhulu ezinjengeBerlin, iFrankfurt, iCologne, neHamburg zinabemi abahlukahlukeneyo abathetha iilwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo.
Ngezantsi zezona lwimi zithethwa kakhulu eJamani:
1. Ulwimi lwesiNgesi
EJamani, i-56% yabantu bathetha isiNgesi. Ukunyuka kwesiNgesi njengolwimi olusemthethweni lweshishini kukhokelele ekwenyukeni kwenani lamashishini aseJamani asamkele ngokusemthethweni njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala.
Nangona isiNgesi kudala sifundiswa njengolwimi lwesibini ezikolweni, ukubaluleka kwaso njengolwimi lwesibini kulutsha kuye kwagqitha ngaphaya kwesiFrentshi kule minyaka yakutshanje.
Ngaphezu koko, inani elikhulu labantu abathetha isiNgesi kunye namashishini asuka eIreland, e-UK, eOstreliya nase-US ngoku azinze eJamani. Olu tshintsho lweelwimi lubonisa impembelelo ekhulayo yesiNgesi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu lwaseJamani, ngakumbi kwihlabathi lezoshishino.
2. Ulwimi lwesiFrentshi
Malunga ne-15% yabemi bakhona bayakwazi ukuthetha isiFrentshi. Abafundi abaninzi bakhetha isiFrentshi njengolwimi lwabo lwesibini esikolweni. Ubudlelwane obuluqilima phakathi kweJamani neFransi bukhokelela kulutsha oluninzi lwaseJamani olundwendwela ilizwe laseFransi ukuphuma kwesikolo.
Ukongeza, abantu abaninzi baseFransi bafudukela eBerlin nakwezinye iindawo zaseJamani ngenxa yomsebenzi, befaka igalelo kutshintshiselwano lweenkcubeko zamazwe ngamazwe phakathi kwabamelwane. Oku kudityaniswa kwentsebenziswano kukhuthaza ukufundwa kolwimi nokuqondana ngokwenkcubeko, kukhuthaza ubudlelwane obuguqukayo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.
Funda kwakhona: Zeziphi Iilwimi Ezithethwayo eSwitzerland?
3. Ulwimi lwesiRashiya
EJamani, malunga ne-5% yabantu bathetha isiRashiya. Emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngowe-1991, abantu abaninzi baseRashiya bafudukela eYurophu, yaye abaninzi kubo bagqiba kwelokuba bahlale eJamani. Okwangoku, amaRussia enza iqela lesithathu ngobukhulu labafuduki eJamani.
Ulwimi lwesiRashiya lubalulekile eJamani ngenxa yabantu abalusebenzisayo. Ukususela ngo-1990, xa iSoviet Union yachithwa, inani elihle le BaseRussia weza kuhlala eYurophu. IJamani yaba lukhetho oludumileyo kubo, kwaye ngoku, isiRashiya sithethwa yi-5% yabemi balapho. Abantu abaninzi baseRashiya bagqiba kwelokuba bahlale eJamani, nto leyo ebenza baba liqela lesithathu ngobukhulu labafuduki kweli lizwe.
Oku kufuduka kwabantu baseRashiya besiya eJamani kwaqala emva kokuqhekeka kweSoviet Union. Ukususela ngoko, ulwimi lwesiRashiya luye lwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeyantlukwano yenkcubeko neelwimi eJamani.
4. Ulwimi lwaseTurkey
Malunga ne-1.8% yabantu baseJamani bathetha isiTurkey. Bamalunga nezigidi ezi-4 abantu baseTurkey abahlala eJamani. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izithethi zaseTurkey ezivela eTurkey. Nabantu abasuka kumazwe ahlukeneyo bathetha isiTurkey.
IsiTurkey sithethwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezikuMzantsi-mpuma Yurophu, njengeGrisi, iMacedonia, iBosnia Herzegovina, iBulgaria, iRomania, neSipro. Amalungu amaninzi okanye inzala yolu luntu ihlala eJamani. Ukongeza, iJamani isandula kwamkela iimbacu ezininzi ezivela eSyria nase-Iraq ezikwathetha isiTurkey.
Ezinye Iilwimi Ezithethwa eJamani
EJamani, ngaphandle kwesiJamani kukho iilwimi ezithethwa ngabantu. Ezinye zezi lwimi azixhaphakanga kangako yaye zithethwa liqaqobana labantu.
Olunye ulwimi sisiJamani esisezantsi. Ithethwa kwindawo esemantla eJamani. Nangona bengebaninzi abantu abaziyo ngayo, kukho izigidi ezi-5 zabantu abathetha umthonyama. Loo nto ininzi xa ucinga ngokuba bangaphi abantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe.
Ezinye iilwimi ezimbini zezeSorbian eziPhezulu nezisezantsi. Ziyathethwa eSaxony naseBrandenburg. Kuphela yi-0.09% yabantu abathetha ezi lwimi. IsiSorbian esisezantsi, esilulwimi lweSlavic, sisemngciphekweni wokunyamalala kuba uninzi lwabaluthethayo badala.
Okokugqibela, kukho isiFrisian, esithethwa kwingingqi yaseNorth Frisia. Bamalunga ne-10,000 abantu abathetha ngayo ngoku.
Shiya iMpendulo