Shekaru da yawa, labarun sun haɗa da nau'ikan halaye na musamman da ake kira archetypes. Waɗannan haruffa suna da wasu halaye waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa gane su. Jarumai da miyagu da muke gani a littattafan da fina-finai na yau galibi suna yin wahayi ne daga irin jarumai da ƙwararrun al'adun gargajiya waɗanda aka samu a cikin tsoffin tatsuniyoyi, litattafan Charles Dickens, waqoqin John Milton, da kuma wasan wasan Girka na dā. Don haka, ko da yake labarun sun canza, nau'ikan halayen halayen sun kasance iri ɗaya na dogon lokaci.
Wannan yana nufin cewa jarumai masu jaruntaka da nagartattun jarumai, da miyagu miyagu, a cikin labarun zamani, suna da alaƙa da haruffa daga tsoffin tatsuniyoyi, litattafai na al'ada, da tsoffin wasan kwaikwayo. Kamar waɗannan samfuran halayen sun kasance a cikin shekaru masu yawa, suna tsara yadda muke ba da labari a yau.
Menene Archetypes?
Archetype wani motsi ne mai maimaitawa, nau'in ɗabi'a, ko al'amari wanda sau da yawa muke fuskanta a rayuwarmu. Ko a cikin labarun, fasaha, ko abubuwan yau da kullum, archetypes suna kawo jin dadi nan take. Suna haifar da ma'anar sabawa, suna sauƙaƙa wa mutane don haɗawa da hali ko taron ba tare da buƙatar yin tunani da yawa game da dalilin da ya sa ya saba ba.
Illolinmu da abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka mana ganowa da fahimtar abubuwan tarihi ba tare da buƙatar cikakken bayani ba. Archetypes suna kama da tsarin duniya waɗanda ke da alaƙa da mu, suna sa ƙwarewar ɗan adam ta fi dacewa kuma ta ba mu damar haɗi tare da labarai da haruffa akan matakin zurfi.
Archetypes vs. Stereotypes, Halayen Hannun jari, da Clichés
Ko da yake archetypes, stereotypes, stock characters, da clichés na iya zama kamanni, kowannensu yana da ma'anoni daban-daban. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba su canzawa. Gabaɗaya, archetypes da harufan haja suna ba da jagora wajen ƙirƙirar haruffa, yayin da ake ganin stereotypes da cliché a matsayin alamun mara kyau masu alaƙa da ƙarancin rubutu ko tunani mara zurfi.
Nasiha: Ƙarfafa Haruffa
stereotype ra'ayi ne mai sauƙi ko siffa. Wasu stereotypes ba su da kyau, kamar kwatanta wani a matsayin "bakin wasa," yayin da wasu suna da kyau, kamar nuna hali a matsayin "yaro marar laifi." Duk da haka, duk stereotypes suna raba dabi'un gama gari na kasancewa da sauƙi fiye da kima kuma galibi ana ɗaukar su ba a so a cikin adabi. Suna iyakance zurfin da rikitarwa na haruffa.
Clichés: Abubuwan Hasashen Hankali da Ban Mamaki
A daya bangaren, cliché yana nufin wani ra'ayi, aukuwa, ko dalla-dalla da aka yi amfani da su akai-akai a cikin adabi ko fim har ya zama abin tsinkaya kuma, a zahiri, ɗan duhu. Alal misali, ka yi tunanin ma’aikacin gidan kashe gobara na TV ɗin da ke fama da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar yarinyar da ya kasa cetowa.
Archetypes, akasin haka, baya nufin tsinkaya ko kasala. Suna ba da shawarar cewa hali ko yanayi ya dace da gaskiyar duniya. Yayin da archetypes sun saba, ba su da tsinkaya sosai cewa mun riga mun san abin da zai faru a cikin labarin su.
Halayen Hannun Jari: Ƙasa ta Tsakiya
Halin hannun jari ya faɗi wani wuri tsakanin nau'in archetype da stereotype. Waɗannan haruffan da gangan sun dace cikin ƙunƙuntaccen bayanin kwatance. Zaɓaɓɓun haruffa masu kyau, irin su tsoho mai hikima ko ma'aikacin soja mai girman kai, na iya cika babban hali yadda ya kamata, musamman a yanayin wasan ban dariya.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa harufan jari sun samo asali ne daga al'adar gargajiya ta Turai ta commedia dell'arte, inda 'yan wasan kwaikwayo za su sanya abin rufe fuska tare da nuna karin gishiri na waɗannan haruffa.
Har ila yau Karanta: Yadda ake Binciken Novel
12 Haruffa Archetypes don Rubutunku
Fahimtar nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan tarihi na iya haɓaka labarin ku. Wasu nau'ikan archetypes, kamar jarumi, an san su sosai, yayin da wasu, kamar su sage, ƙila ba su saba da su ba. Archetypes ba su iyakance ga takamaiman ayyuka ba; za su iya amfani da haruffa masu mahimmanci daban-daban, nagari, mara kyau, babba, ko ƙanana.
1. Masoyi
Masoyi wani nau'in hali ne na musamman da ake yawan gani a matsayin jarumar soyayya ko jaruma, inda take yanke shawara bisa motsin rai maimakon tunani. Wannan nau'in archetype an san shi don ƙaƙƙarfan ji, imani, da zurfin alaƙa da motsin ɗan adam.
Ƙarfin Masoyi sun haɗa da mayar da hankali ga ɗan adam, tsananin sha'awa, da yakini mara yankewa a cikin lamuran zuciya. Duk da haka, suna iya nuna rauni kamar butulci da yanke shawara mara hankali, sau da yawa ƙaƙƙarfan motsin zuciyarsu ke motsa su.
Misalai na haruffan da ke tattare da ma'anar soyayya sun haɗa da Romeo da Juliet daga shahararren wasan kwaikwayo "Romeo Juliet da, Nuhu Calhoun a cikin "Littafin rubutu," Scarlett O'Hara a cikin "Tafi Tare da Iska," da Belle a cikin "Beauty da Beast." Wadannan haruffa suna nuna halayen Masoyi yayin da suke kewaya soyayya, sha'awa, da kalubalen da ke tattare da bin zukatansu.
2. Jarumai
A cikin labarun, jarumi shine babban jigon da ke fuskantar matsala kuma ya magance ta. Suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfin hali, ba sa kasala kuma suna yin abin da yake daidai. Jarumai suna da halaye kamar ƙarfin hali, juriya, da girma waɗanda ke taimaka musu su yi nasara. Duk da haka, suna da aibi, kamar kasancewa da tabbaci ga kansu ko kuma girman kai.
Alal misali, Achilles daga "The Iliad," Luke Skywalker daga "Star Wars," Wonder Woman daga nata labarin, da Harry mai ginin tukwane daga "Harry mai ginin tukwane da Dutsen Boka" duk misalai ne na jaruntaka archetypes. Kowannen su yana nuna jarumtaka da jajircewa, amma kuma suna da lokacin da suke yin kuskure saboda wuce gona da iri ko girman kai.
Waɗannan jaruman suna koya mana cewa ko da yake mutane na iya zama masu ƙarfi da yin abubuwa masu ban mamaki, amma har yanzu mutane ne kuma suna da nasu rauni. A ƙarshe, ikonsu na shawo kan ƙalubale da koyo daga kura-kuransu ya sa su zama jarumai na gaskiya.
3. Mai sihiri
Mai sihiri yana daya daga cikin ma'abota dabi'a wadanda ke fahimtar sirrin sararin samaniya don cimma muhimman manufofi. Suna da halaye na musamman waɗanda ke ƙarfafa su, kamar sanin komai, da iko mai girma, da horo. Duk da haka, suna da kasawa kamar yadda mugayen abubuwa suka rinjaye su cikin sauƙi da kuma girman kai.
Misalan haruffa tare da Archetype Magician sun haɗa da Prospero daga "The Tempest," Gandalf daga "Ubangijin Zobba," Morpheus daga "The Matrix," da Darth Vader daga "Star Wars." Kowane ɗayan waɗannan haruffa yana da iyawar sihiri da hikima waɗanda ke ayyana Archetype Magician. Suna amfani da iliminsu da ikonsu ga mai kyau da mara kyau, suna nuna nau'in wannan nau'in archetype. Ko yana amfani da sihiri don dalilai masu kyau ko kuma fadawa cikin tarkon girman kai, waɗannan haruffan sun haɗa da hadadden yanayin mai sihiri.
4. Mai Hakuri
Haramun ne nau'in halayen da ba ya bin ka'idodin al'umma. Suna tunanin kansu kuma an san su da kyawawan dabi'u masu ƙarfi. Wannan nau'in archetype yana da wasu ƙarfi, kamar tunani mai zaman kansa, ɗabi'a nagari, da rashin samun tagomashi ga wasu. Duk da haka, suna da rauni, saboda suna iya zama masu sha'awar kansu kuma wani lokaci suna shiga cikin ayyukan aikata laifuka.
Misalan haruffan da suka dace da ƙa'idodin doka sun haɗa da Han Solo daga Star Wars, Dean Moriarty daga Kan Hanya, Humbert Humbert daga Lolita, da Batman daga The Dark Knight. Waɗannan haruffan sun ƙunshi ainihin ɗan tawaye, suna nuna halaye kamar son kai, mutuncin ɗabi'a, da ƙin bin ƙa'idodin al'umma.
Yayin da ’yancin kansu da nagarta ta sa su yi fice, halayen son kai da kuma yuwuwar aikata laifuka suna ƙara sarkakiya ga halayensu. Babba archetype, wanda waɗannan haruffa ke wakilta, suna ƙalubalantar tsammanin al'ada kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga bambancin ba da labari.
5. Mai Explorer
Mai binciken wani hali ne wanda ke da sha'awar sha'awar wuce abin da aka saba da shi kuma ya shiga cikin abin da ba a sani ba. An san wannan nau'in archetype don zama mai ban sha'awa, wanda ke motsa shi ta hanyar inganta kansa, kuma koyaushe yana neman sababbin kwarewa.
Ƙarfin mai binciken ya haɗa da sha'awar dabi'a, ƙaƙƙarfan tuƙi, da ƙwaƙƙwarar haɓakar kai. A gefe guda, suna iya kokawa da rashin natsuwa, rashin dogaro, da kuma jin rashin gamsuwa na dindindin.
Misalan haruffan da ke tattare da archetype na mai binciken sune Odysseus daga "The Odyssey," Sal Aljanna daga "A kan hanya," Huckleberry Finn daga "Kasadar Huckleberry Finn," da Sherlock Holmes daga jerin "Sherlock Holmes". Waɗannan haruffa suna raba sifa guda ɗaya na tura iyakoki, rungumar abin da ba a sani ba, da kuma shiga tafiye-tafiyen da ke haifar da haɓaka da gano mutum.
Har ila yau Karanta: Menene Halayen Kai tsaye da Misalai?
6. Sage
Sage yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ɗabi'a waɗanda ke wakiltar ɗabi'a mai ilimi wanda ke raba hikima tare da masu neman jagora. Yawancin lokaci, wannan nau'in archetype yana samuwa ta hanyar mai uwa ko mai ba da shawara a cikin ruwayoyi daban-daban.
Ƙarfin da ke tattare da wannan nau'in archetype ya haɗa da hikima, kwarewa, da basira. Waɗannan haruffa suna da ɗimbin ilimin da ke tabbatar da mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke tuntuɓar su don neman shawara. Duk da haka, yanayin su na taka tsantsan na iya zama rauni, yana sa su yi shakka idan ana batun shiga cikin ayyuka ko abubuwan da suka faru.
Wasu sanannun misalan haruffan da ke tattare da Sage archetype sun hada da Athena daga "The Odyssey," Obi-Wan Kenobi daga "Star Wars," Hannibal Lecter daga "Silence of the Lambs," da The Oracle daga "The Matrix." Waɗannan alkaluma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin labarunsu, suna ba da jagora mai mahimmanci ga jaruman bisa ga tarin hikima da fahimtarsu.
7. Mara laifi
Halin da ba shi da laifi, sau da yawa ana nunawa a matsayin yaro, yana tattare da kyawawan dabi'u tare da kyakkyawar niyya kawai. Wannan nau'in archetype ana bayyana shi da ƙarfi kamar ƙarfi na ɗabi'a, kirki, da ikhlasi. Koyaya, suna da rauni, butulci, da rashin fasaha.
Misalai na Innocent Archetype sun hada da Tiny Tim daga "A Kirsimeti Carol," Lennie Small a cikin "Na Mice da Maza," Cio-Cio-san a "Madame Butterfly," da Buddy Elf a "Elf." Wadannan haruffa suna aiki a matsayin misalai na tsabta na ɗabi'a, kirki, da gaskiya, suna nuna kyawawan halaye na archetype. Duk da ainihin manufarsu, galibi ana nuna su a matsayin masu rauni kuma ba su da kwarewa ko fasaha ta duniya.
Gabaɗaya, The Innocent Character archetype yana wakiltar daidaikun mutane, yawanci yara, waɗanda suke daidai da ɗabi'a da kyakkyawar niyya. Yayin da ƙarfinsu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ɗabi'a da kyautatawa, rauninsu ya haɗa da rauni, butulci, da ƙarancin ƙwarewa gabaɗaya.
8. Mahalicci
A cikin labarun, mahaliccin mutum ne mai cike da kuzari da hangen nesa, yana kawo fasaha ko tsarin rayuwa a cikin labarin. Ƙarfinsu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ƙirƙira su, ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da ƙwaƙƙwaran yanke hukunci. Duk da haka, suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar su haɗa kai, da kasancewa masu ra'ayi ɗaya, da rashin ƙwarewa a aikace.
Ana iya samun masu yin halitta a cikin tatsuniyoyi daban-daban, kuma wasu misalai sun haɗa da Zeus daga "The Iliad," Dokta Emmett Brown daga "Back to Future," Dr. Moreau daga "Tsibirin Dr. Moreau," da Dr. Victor Frankenstein daga "Frankenstein." Waɗannan haruffan suna nuna halayen hangen nesa na ƙirƙira da kuma ikon fitar da sabbin dabaru, ko ta hanyar ƙirƙirar duniyoyi, ƙirƙira, ko rayuwa kanta. Labarunsu sau da yawa suna bincika sakamakon ayyukansu na ƙirƙira, suna bayyana ma'auni mai ma'ana tsakanin wahayi da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da taka rawar hangen nesa a cikin labarin.
9. Mai Mulki
A cikin labarun, akwai hali da aka sani da Mai Mulki. Wannan hali yana da iko akan wasu ta hanyar doka ko motsin rai. Suna da ƙarfi kamar kasancewa masu iko duka, samun matsayi mai girma, da mallakar albarkatu masu yawa. Duk da haka, su ma suna da rauni, kamar nisa, wasu ba sa son su, wani lokacin kuma ba su da alaƙa da gaskiya.
Ana iya samun misalan Ruler archetype a cikin tatsuniyoyi daban-daban. Creon a cikin "Oedipus Rex," King Lear a cikin "King Lear," Anti Sally a cikin "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," da Tony Soprano a cikin "The Sopranos" duk misalai ne na haruffan da ke tattare da Ruler archetype. Waɗannan haruffa suna nuna sarƙaƙƙiyar jagoranci, tare da ƙarfi da rauni duka suna tsara matsayinsu a cikin labaran da suke ciki.
Har ila yau Karanta: Menene Halin Tsari? Ma'ana da Misalai
10. Mai Kulawa
Mai Kulawa yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ɗabi'a waɗanda ke taimakawa akai-akai da ba da buƙatun mutum ga wasu. An san su da girma, rashin son kai, da aminci, koyaushe suna sa jin daɗin wasu a gaban kansu. Yayin da ƙarfinsu ya ta'allaka ne cikin ɗabi'arsu mai daraja da sadaukarwa, suna iya kokawa da rashin buri ko halayen jagoranci.
Ana iya samun misalan Archetype mai kulawa a cikin haruffa kamar Dolly Oblonsky daga "Anna Karenina," Calpurnia a cikin "Don Kashe Mockingbird," Samwell Tarly a cikin jerin "Wasan Ƙarshi", da Mary Poppins a cikin "Mary Poppins." Waɗannan haruffan sun ƙunshi ainihin ma'anar ma'anar kulawa ta hanyar goyon bayansu marar karewa da shirye-shiryen yin sadaukarwa don amfanin waɗanda ke kewaye da su.
11. Kowa
Kowane mutum Archetype yana wakiltar hali wanda kowa zai iya danganta shi da shi saboda suna kama da wanda zaku iya haduwa da shi a rayuwar ku ta yau da kullun. Waɗannan haruffan ƙasa-da-ƙasa ne, talakawa waɗanda suka san mu.
Ƙarfin Archetype na Kowane mutum ya haɗa da kasancewa ƙasa kuma mai alaƙa, kamar irin mutumin da zaku iya haɗuwa da shi a cikin al'ummarku. Koyaya, yawanci ba su da iko na musamman kuma galibi suna samun kansu ba shiri don ƙalubalen da ba zato ba tsammani.
Misalai na kowane mutum Archetype a cikin labarun sun haɗa da Bilbo Baggins daga "The Hobbit," Leopold Bloom a cikin "Ulysses," Leslie Knope daga "Parks & Recreation," da Winston Smith daga "1984." Waɗannan haruffan sun ƙunshi halayen Kowane mutum, suna sa su isa ga masu sauraro da yawa.
12. Jester
Jester yana ɗaya daga cikin rukunonin ɗabi'a waɗanda ke tattare da halayen ban dariya da ɓarna, galibi suna zama tushen taimako na ban dariya yayin da suke ba da gaskiya mai mahimmanci lokaci-lokaci. An san su da yanayi mai ban dariya da fahimi, waɗannan ƴan wasa suna da ƙarfi waɗanda ke tattare da ikon kwance damara da nishaɗi. Duk da haka, ba su da rashin lahani, saboda wani lokaci suna iya zuwa a matsayin abin ƙyama da na waje.
Misalai na Jester Archetype suna da yawa a cikin adabi, waƙoƙi, fina-finai, da wasan kwaikwayo. Halaye kamar Sir John Falstaff a cikin "Henry V," Wawan Sarki Lear a cikin "King Lear," da ƙwararrun duo na Frank da Estelle Costanza a cikin "Seinfeld" sun cika ainihin Jester. Ko da a cikin al'amuran kimiyya, alamar R2D2 da C-3PO daga "Star Wars" suna nuna haɓakar wannan nau'in archetype.
Kammalawa
Akwai nau'ikan haruffa guda 12, kowannensu yana da fayyace halaye, waɗanda muke yawan gani a cikin littattafanmu, waƙoƙinmu, fina-finai, da wasan kwaikwayo. Archetypes suna kama da tsari na yau da kullun ko matsayin da jarumai ke ɗauka a cikin labarai. Suna da sauƙin ganewa saboda suna da halaye daban-daban.
Ka yi tunanin waɗannan archetypes a matsayin sanannun haruffa da kuke samu akai-akai a cikin labarai daban-daban. Suna taimakawa wajen ƙirƙirar iri-iri da sha’awar littattafan da muke karantawa, waƙoƙin da muke jin daɗinsu, da fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo da muke kallo. Alal misali, kana iya samun jarumi mai jajircewa da azama, ko kuma mai ba da shawara mai hikima wanda yake ja-gorar wasu. Wadannan archetypes suna ba da labaru wani nau'i na tsari ko tsari.
Don haka, lokacin da kuka lura da wasu halaye a cikin ɗabi'a, kamar wani yana da ƙarfin gaske ko koyaushe yana taimaka wa wasu, yana iya zama saboda suna bin tsarin ɗayan waɗannan 12 archetypes. Kamar wata hanya ce da marubuta za su yi amfani da abubuwan da aka sani don ba da labarai na musamman da ban sha'awa.
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