A cikin labarai da fina-finai, mutanen kirkira, kamar a cikin littattafai ko fina-finai, suna zama kamar mutane na gaske tare da halayensu. Lokacin da kuke rubutu, kuna raba waɗannan halayen tare da masu karatu ta hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar faɗin yadda mutum yake kai tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar nuna shi ta yadda suke aiki, magana, da tunani. Hanya ta biyu, wacce ake kira siffa ta kai tsaye, ta fi wayo amma tana iya sa rubutun ku ya fi ban sha'awa.
Halayen kai tsaye yana da sauƙi - kawai gaya wa mai karatu game da halayen halayen. A gefe guda, siffa ta kaikaice tana da ɗan sha'awa. Maimakon bayyana hali kai tsaye, kuna bayyana ta ta hanyar abin da hali yake yi, ya faɗi, da tunani. Kamar wasa ne inda mai karatu ke tantance halayen halayen da kansu.
Fahimtar siffanta kai tsaye na iya zama ɗan wahala da farko, amma yana ƙara zurfin rubutun ku. Ma'anar da ke ƙasa tana bayyana bambanci tsakanin halayen kai tsaye da kai tsaye. Ƙari ga haka, yana ba da misalai da shawarwari kan yadda ake amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin rubutun ku.
Menene Halayen Kai tsaye?
Lokacin da kake rubuta fim, ɗan gajeren labari, ko littafi, za ku tsara haruffa - wasu suna da kyau, wasu kuma mara kyau. Yana da mahimmanci a nuna waɗannan haruffa ta hanyar magana game da yadda suke kama, abin da suke tunani, yadda suke aiki, da abin da suke faɗa a cikin kawunansu. Wadannan abubuwa suna taimaka wa masu karatu su fahimta kuma ko dai suna son ko a'a. Ana kiran wannan nunin harufa, kuma akwai nau'i biyu:
- Halayen kai tsaye: Wannan shine lokacin da kawai ku faɗi abubuwa game da halin. Kamar, "Ba a so shi da kyau, domin shi mutum ne mai yawan ɗabi'a."
- Halayen kai tsaye: Wannan shine lokacin da kuka nuna abubuwan da halin ya yi kuma bari masu karatu su gane shi. Alal misali, “Kowace safiya sa’ad da yake zagawa da shingen, mutane suna ƙetare hanyarsa, domin ya kasance cikin al’adar yin gunaguni a ƙarƙashin numfashinsa kuma yana kallon masu wucewa cikin ido.”
Misali na biyu bai ce mutumin ba shi yiwuwa; yana nuna mutum yana yin abubuwan da ba za su iya yiwuwa ba. Halayen kai tsaye ya fi sneakier kuma mafi ban sha'awa. Ko da mai karatu ba ya son halin, suna iya sha'awar sanin ƙarin.
Halin kai tsaye yana aiki ta hanyar ba da alamu. A matsayinka na marubuci, kana bayyana yadda mutum yake kama, ko tunaninsa, ko abin da yake aikatawa, kuma mai karatu ya gane wane irin mutum ne. Misali:
- Halin yana harba kare: Mai karatu na iya tunanin wannan mutumin mugu ne, mugu ne ko kuma mugu ne.
- Halin yana adana cat: Mai karatu na iya tunanin wannan mutumin kirki ne, mai kirki ne, ko jarumi.
A cikin duka biyun, rubutun ba ya gaya wa mai karatu kai tsaye game da halin. Maimakon haka, yana sa mai karatu yayi tsammani ta hanyar nuna ayyukan halayen da abin da muke tunani game da waɗannan ayyukan. Wannan shine yadda siffa ta kai tsaye ke taimakawa wajen ba da labari ba tare da bayarwa da yawa ba.
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Halayen Kai tsaye da Kai tsaye a cikin Sauƙaƙan Sharuɗɗa
Halayen kai tsaye da kuma kaikaice hanyoyi ne daban-daban guda biyu da marubuta ke bayyana bayanai game da haruffa a cikin labari. Halayen kai tsaye ya ƙunshi maganganun kai tsaye da marubucin ya yi game da tunanin mutum, ji, ko motsin zuciyarsa. Wannan hanyar za ta iya jin kamar marubucin yana magana da mai karatu kai tsaye. Sabanin haka, siffa ta kaikaice ta dogara ne da ra’ayoyin mai karatu da aka zana daga ayyuka, tunani, kamanni, magana, da mu’amala da wasu.
Yawancin marubuta suna amfani da haɗin haɗin kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye don tasiri daban-daban. Halayen kai tsaye yana gaya wa mai karatu a sarari game da wani hali, kamar ta hanyar mai ba da labari, wani hali, ko haruffan kansu. Misali, furtawa, “Ta kasance kyakkyawa kyakkyawa, mai dogayen gashi, gashi mai fulawa” wani nau'i ne na sifa kai tsaye.
A gefe guda, siffa ta kai tsaye ta ƙunshi nunawa maimakon faɗa. Mai karatu yana samar da ra'ayi na hali ta hanyar halayensu, tunaninsu, kamanninsu, magana, da kuma hulɗa. Misalin sifa kai tsaye na iya zama fahimtar yanayin hali ta hanyar lura da ayyukansu, kamar ceton kyanwa ko harbin kare. Dukansu hanyoyin suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar ƙira mai kyau da jan hankali a cikin labari.
Misalai na Halayen Kai tsaye a Rubutu
Marubuta suna amfani da dabaru daban-daban don bayyana halayen mutum a cikin labari. Hanya ɗaya ta gama gari ita ce siffa ta kaikaice, inda ake isar da cikakkun bayanai game da hali cikin dabara ta hanyar magana, tunani, ayyuka, mu'amala, da kwatancen zahiri. A ƙasa akwai misalan da ke nuna yadda mawallafa ke amfani da halayyar kai tsaye don kawo haruffa zuwa rayuwa.
1. Atticus in"Don Kashe Mockingbird"da Harper Lee
A cikin littafin Harper Lee, Atticus ya ba da haske tare da Scout game da gwaji mai zuwa, yana bayyana jajircewarsa na tsayawa kan imaninsa. Ta hanyar wannan tattaunawa, masu karatu suna samun fahimtar ƙa'idar ɗabi'a ta Atticus, imani, da ƙimar da yake son bayarwa. Kalamansa suna nuna azamarsa:
“Scout, kowane lauya yana samun karar da ta shafe shi da kansa. Wannan nawa ne. Kuna iya jin munanan zance, amma ka ɗaga kai sama ka ajiye waɗannan fāɗin. Komai abin da wani ya ce, kar a bar su su sami akuyar ku.
2. Ci gaba "A Kirsimeti Carol" da Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens yana amfani da halayen kai tsaye da kai tsaye don zana hoto mai haske na Scrooge. Ta hanyar ayyukan Scrooge, kamar yi wa ɗan wansa ihu da wulaƙanta wasu, Dickens a kaikaice ya bayyana rowa da rashin kyama ga Kirsimeti. Scrooge na kansa kalmomin sun jaddada ƙin sa:
"Rashin uzuri na karban aljihun mutum duk ranar ashirin da biyar ga Disamba!"
A cikin siffa kai tsaye, Dickens yana ƙarfafa fahimta mara kyau:
“Matsi, mai murdawa, mai kamewa, mai zage-zage, mai kamawa, mai kwadayi, tsohon mai zunubi! Mai wuya da kaifi kamar dutse, sirri, mai zaman kansa, da kaɗaici kamar kawa.”
3. Joad in"Inabin Fushi" by John Steinbeck
John Steinbeck yana amfani da halayen kai tsaye don nuna Joad a matsayin ma'aikacin ƙwanƙwasa shuɗi. Cikakkun bayanai game da kamannin jiki na Joad, ɗabi’a, da ɗabi’a, kamar warin whiskey da taba, suna ba da haske game da rayuwarsa da halinsa. Steinbeck ya kera hoton Joad ta hanyar kwatanci mai zurfi:
"Joad ya dauki sauri ya sha daga flask. Ya ja hayaƙi na ƙarshe daga cikin sigarinsa mai banƙyama sannan, da ɗan yatsa da ɗan yatsa, ya murɗe ƙarshen haske. Sai ya shafa gindin ya fitar da ita tagar, yana barin iskar ta tsotse shi daga yatsunsa.”
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Yadda Ake Jagorar Halayen Kai tsaye A Rubutu
Yin amfani da haruffan kai tsaye a cikin rubuce-rubucenku ana iya samun sauƙin fahimta tare da hanyar "Nuna, Kar ku Fada". Don tunawa da nau'ikan halayen kai tsaye guda biyar da aka nuna a cikin Fitzgerald's Babban Gatsby, ku tuna acronym STEAL: Magana, Tunanin hali, Tasirin su akan wasu, Ayyuka, da Kalli.
Halayen kai tsaye mai sauƙi ne kuma gajere, kamar taƙaitaccen bayani. Yi la'akari da shi a matsayin tushe wanda zai ba ka damar ƙara bayanai daga baya ta hanyar ƙididdiga. Kadan da kuke siffanta kai tsaye, ƙarin tasirin waɗannan al'amuran suna zama.
Dogaro da keɓancewa kai tsaye yana haifar da baƙaƙen haruffa, yana kwatanta mutane a matsayin mai kyau ko mara kyau. Mutane na gaske, duk da haka, suna wanzu a cikin inuwar launin toka. Halin kai tsaye yana gabatar da wannan rikitarwa. Don nisantar da haruffa masu girma dabam, kula da takardar aikin bayanin martaba tare da lura da halaye na zahiri da na mutumci. Kalubalanci kanku ta hanyar sanya haruffa a cikin yanayi daban-daban da tsinkayar halayensu ta amfani da wannan jagorar.
Halayen kai tsaye yana da dabara, yana bayyana halayen halaye ta hanyar takamaiman ayyuka, kyale masu karatu su ɓata halayen mutum. Ta hanyar Magana, Tunani, Tasiri, Ayyuka, da Kalli (STEAL), waɗannan al'amuran suna haifar da cikakken bayanin haruffa a cikin labarin ku.
Halaye ta hanyar Magana
A cikin wannan sashe, mun bincika yadda haruffa a cikin “Babban Gatsby” ke bayyana halayensu ta kalmominsu. Hasashen Gatsby, kuzari, da azama suna haskakawa lokacin da ya ce, “Ba za a iya maimaita abin da ya gabata ba? Don me, ba shakka za ku iya!” Wannan maganar tana nuna kwatancin girmansa na kusa-kusa.
Halaye ta hanyar Tunanin Hali
Tunanin mutum yana ba da cikakkiyar fahimta cikin duniyar ciki, raba ra'ayi, halaye, ra'ayi, da fahimta. A cikin littafin, Nick, mai ba da labari, ya lura da halin Gatsby kuma ya yi tunani, "Bai taɓa daina kallon Daisy ba, kuma ina tsammanin ya kimanta duk abin da ke cikin gidansa bisa ga ma'aunin martani da ya samo daga idanunta masu ƙauna. ” Wannan sharhin tunani ba wai kawai yana ba da haske game da abubuwan da Gatsby ke da shi ba amma har ma yana sa shi mutunta shi a idanun Nick.
Halaye ta hanyar hulɗa
Bincika yadda haruffa ke fahimta ko hulɗa da juna yana ba masu karatu damar yarda ko rashin jituwa bisa ga tunaninsu. Hankalin Nick na magudin da Daisy ya yi ya haifar da rashin yarda, rashin so, da kuma nisantar da kai, kamar yadda ya lura, "Lokacin da muryarta ta yanke ta daina tilasta hankalina, imani na, na ji ainihin rashin gaskiyar abin da ta fada."
Halaye ta hanyar Aiki
Ayyuka sau da yawa suna magana da ƙarfi fiye da kalmomi, kuma irin wannan siffa yana da tasiri sosai. Alal misali, juyayi na Gatsby da sha'awar burge Daisy sun bayyana a fili lokacin da "da ƙarfe biyu na rana wani greenhouse ya zo daga Gatsby's, tare da ɗakunan ajiya marasa adadi." Halin da ake yi na "greenhouse" yana jaddada yunƙurin da Gatsby ke yi don burgewa, yana nuna halin damuwa.
Halaye ta hanyar Kalli
Kwatancen jiki na iya bayyana halayen halayen kai tsaye, amma siffa ta kai tsaye tana nuna halayen masu karatu su gane. Kwatancin Tom a cikin "Babban Gatsby" yana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu: "Idanu masu girman kai biyu masu haskakawa sun sami rinjaye a kan fuskarsa kuma sun ba shi kamannin jingina gaba da gaba." Wannan haɗaɗɗiyar siffa ta kai tsaye da kaikaice tana ba da hoto mai haske game da halayen Tom, yana mai da hankali kan ikonsa na zahiri da girman kai.
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Menene Dabarun Halayen Kai tsaye?
Samun daidaito tsakanin sifa kai tsaye da kai tsaye yana da mahimmanci a rubuce. Yi amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa don nuna gwanintar haruffanku:
- Kasance Madaidaici Da farko: Bada bayanai kai tsaye game da mahimman halayen halayen tun da wuri. Daga baya, buɗewa da yin ƙarin bayani akan waɗannan cikakkun bayanai a kaikaice.
- Bari Labarin Ya Bayyana: Haɗa misalan halayen halayen kai tsaye waɗanda ba su dace da labarin ba. Guji tilasta sake kunnawa kuma a maimakon haka bayyana halayen halayen ku a hankali yayin da shirin ke bayyana.
- Aiki da Amsa: Ba tare da la’akari da matsayinsu ba—muguwa, jarumi, ko halayen sakandare—kowane hali yana da nasa kwarin gwiwa a kowane fage. Ba wa masu karatu damar fahimtar motsin zuciyar su, tunaninsu, da halayensu ta hanyar ayyukansu da halayensu.
- Manufar Halayen Kai tsaye: Yi amfani da keɓancewa kai tsaye don taƙaita taƙaitaccen bayani, tunatarwa, ko don haɓaka muryar labari. Ka kiyaye shi mai tasiri da ma'ana.
- Tasirin Muryar Labari: Shigar da halayen mai ba da labari a cikin labarin. Ko ɗan takara mai ƙwazo ko mai kallo, bari muryar labari ta ba da gudummawa wajen siffanta mutane.
- Tattaunawa mai inganci: Yi amfani da mu'amalar haruffa ta hanyar tattaunawa azaman ingantacciyar hanyar isar da bayanai, gami da cikakkun bayanan halayen halayen.
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