Imali ye-Fiat ngokuyisisekelo iyimali uhulumeni ayidala futhi ayisekele. Kuhlanganisa uhlobo lwemali oluyinhloko olukhishwa uhulumeni, njengedola noma i-euro. Futhi, noma iyiphi imali eyenziwa amabhange ezentengiselwano futhi ayisebenzise ibhekwa njengemali ye-fiat. Ngakho-ke, uma uhulumeni ethula imali entsha noma uma amabhange ekhipha imali yawo, iwela esigabeni semali ye-fiat.
Lolu hlobo lwemali alunalo inani lemvelo njengegolide noma isiliva; kunalokho, ukubaluleka kwayo kusekelwe ekwethembeni nasekuthembekeni abantu abanako kuhulumeni noma ohlelweni lwezezimali.
Ngamagama alula, uma usebenzisa imali yephepha noma izinhlamvu zemali ezihlinzekwa nguhulumeni noma amabhange, usebenzisa imali ye-fiat. Iwuhlobo lwemali esivame ukuyisebenzisela ukuthenga izinto nokwenza imisebenzi, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukubaluleka kwayo kuxhumene nokuzinza nokwethembeka kukahulumeni noma izikhungo zezezimali.
Iyini Imali ye-Fiat?
Imali ye-Fiat iwuhlobo lwemali engenalo inani elibonakalayo njengegolide noma isiliva. Kunalokho, ithola inani layo ngoba uhulumeni uyaseseka futhi uyasilawula. Izibonelo zemali ye-fiat zifaka amadola ase-U.S., ama-euro, namapondo aseBrithani.
Kunolunye uhlobo lwemali olubizwa nge-commodity money, noma imali emele. Kulolu hlelo, inani lemali lixhunyaniswa nento ebonakalayo, njengegolide. Isibonelo, izinga legolide libopha inani legolide elitholakalayo nenani ledola. Uma kunegolide eliningi, inani ledola lingakhuphuka.
Ngakho-ke, ngamagama alula, imali ye-fiat yimali uhulumeni athi iyigugu, kuyilapho imali yempahla isekelwa into yangempela, njengegolide. Imali esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, njengamadola nama-euro, ngokuvamile iyimali ye-fiat.
Funda futhi: Izibonelo Eziyi-10 Zomnotho
Umlando weFiat Money e-US
Idola laseMelika wuhlobo lwemali olukhethekile. Ibizwa ngokuthi "imali ye-fiat" futhi yaziwa nangokuthi "ithenda esemthethweni," okusho ukuthi yamukelwe ukukhokha zonke izinhlobo zezikweletu. Ithenda esemthethweni yimali uhulumeni athi ingasetshenziswa.
Esikhathini esidlule, imali yase-U.S. yayixhunywe negolide (futhi ngezinye izikhathi isiliva). Kodwa izinto zashintsha ngo-1933 lapho uhulumeni enza umthetho obizwa ngokuthi i-Emergency Banking Act. Ngemva kwalokho, abantu abakwazanga ukuhwebelana ngemali yabo ngegolide likahulumeni. Izinga legolide, okusho ukuthi igolide likahulumeni lalisekela imali, laphela ngo-1971 lapho i-U.S. iyeka ukunikeza igolide kwamanye amazwe ngemali yase-U.S.
Manje, amadola ase-U.S. awanakho ukuxhumana okuqondile negolide noma isiliva. Kunalokho, bathembele “ekukholweni okupheleleyo nasekudunyisweni” kwebandla Uhulumeni wase-US. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu bayamethemba uhulumeni ukuthi uzoyixhasa le mali. Amadola ase-U.S. asemthethweni ukukhokha zonke izinhlobo zezikweletu, kokubili zomphakathi nezizimele. Kodwa ngokungafani nangaphambili, awukwazi ukuwashintsha ngegolide noma isiliva kuMgcinimafa wase-United States noma e-Federal Reserve Bank. Ngakho-ke, "angamathenda asemthethweni" manje, hhayi "imali esemthethweni" ongayishintshanisa ngezinsimbi eziyigugu.
Izibonelo zeFiat Money
Imali ye-Fiat ihlanganisa izinhlobo zemali ezifana nedola laseMelika, i-euro, iphawundi laseBrithani, i-yen yaseJapane, ne-Indian rupee. Lokhu akusekelwa yimpahla ebonakalayo kodwa kuncike ekuthembekeni kukahulumeni okukhiphayo.
Ngokuvamile, imali ye-fiat inikeza ukuzinza kwezomnotho, kodwa kukhona okuhlukile. IZimbabwe, ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-2000, ibhekane nezinkinga ezinzima zomnotho. Ukubhekana nalokhu, ibhange eliphakathi liphrinte imali ngokweqile, okuholele ekukhuphukeni kwe-hyperinflation.
Ngalesi sikhathi esibucayi, Imali yaseZimbabwe ilahlekelwe ngama-99.9% yenani layo. Amanani enyuka, kwaphoqa abathengi ukuthi baphathe izikhwama zemali ukuze bathenge izinto eziyisisekelo. Kuseqophelweni eliphezulu, uhulumende kumele ethule imali yeZimbabwe eyi-100 trillion dollar. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imali yakwamanye amazwe yathola ukwamukelwa ukwedlula idola leZimbabwe eliyehlayo. Lesi sibonelo sisebenza njengendaba eyisixwayiso, ebonisa izingibe ezingaba khona zezinhlelo zemali ze-fiat ezingaphathwa kahle.
Inani lemali yakwaFiat Lichaziwe
Imali yakwa-Fiat izuza inani layo hhayi ngokuboshelwa ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo njengegolide noma isiliva, kodwa kunalokho ngenxa yokwethenjwa nokuzethemba abantu abanako kuhulumeni oyikhiphayo. Isizathu esisodwa esibalulekile senani layo imfuneko kahulumeni yokuthi izintela kufanele zikhokhwe kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwemali oluthile olukhiphayo. Lo mgomo, owaziwa ngokuthi i-chartalism, iqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwemali ye-fiat, njengoba abantu ngabanye bephoqeleka ukuthi bayisebenzise ukuze bakhokhe intela ukuze bagweme izinhlawulo noma ukuboshwa.
Ngokungafani nemali esekelwe empahleni, njengezinhlamvu zegolide noma izikweletu ezithengekayo ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, inani lemali ye-fiat litholakala kuphela enkolelweni yokuthi uhulumeni oyisekelayo linokwethenjelwa. Igunya likahulumeni kanye nemfuneko engokomthetho yokukhokhela izibopho zentela ngemali ye-fiat kudala isidingo esingaguquki sayo, okugqugquzela ukwamukelwa kwayo emisebenzini ehlukahlukene.
Eminye imibono, njengethiyori yezikweletu, iphakamisa ukuthi yonke imali ihilela ubudlelwano besikweletu sesikweletu. Kodwa-ke, isiphakamiso senani eliyingqayizivele lemali ye-fiat sisekuhlotshaneni kwayo neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, okuqinisa ukubaluleka kwayo emisebenzini yezomnotho yansuku zonke. Empeleni, inani lemali ye-fiat lixhunyaniswe ngokuyinkimbinkimbi nokuthenjwa abantu abakubeka kuhulumeni oyikhiphayo kanye nesidingo esingokoqobo sokuyisebenzisa ukufeza izibopho zentela.
Funda futhi: 15 Amabhange Esizwe Angcono Kakhulu eMelika
Umehluko Phakathi Kwemali ye-Fiat kanye ne-Cryptocurrency
Imali ye-Fiat kanye ne-cryptocurrency yizinhlobo ezimbili zemali, kodwa zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Imali ejwayelekile, eyaziwa nangokuthi yimali ye-fiat, isekelwa uhulumeni noma isiphathimandla esikhiphayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-cryptocurrensets afana ne-Bitcoin asebenza ohlelweni oluhlukaniselwe izwe olubizwa ngokuthi i-blockchain, engenalo igunya elimaphakathi.
Umehluko omkhulu usekutheni ubani ophethe. Imali yakwaFiat inohulumeni noma umkhiphi ngemuva kwayo, eqinisekisa inani layo. Ngokuphambene, ama-cryptocurrencies ancike emphakathini wabasebenzisi ukucacisa ukubaluleka kwawo. Leli thonya lomphakathi lithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokushintshaniswa kwemali ye-crypto futhi lingaholela ekwenyukeni noma ekwehleni kwenani lawo, umqondo owaziwa ngokuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali noma ukwehla kwamandla emali.
Ngakho-ke, nakuba imali evamile ilawulwa futhi iqinisekiswa yiziphathimandla eziyinhloko, ama-cryptocurrencies afana nempahla yedijithali eqhutshwa umphakathi. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kusisiza ukuba sibambe izici ezihlukile zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamasistimu ohlobo lwemali.
shiya impendulo